scholarly journals Traffic conflict

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stepanov O ◽  
Yarmak T ◽  
Venger A
Keyword(s):  
Transport Process ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Conceptual Consideration ◽  
Traffic Conflicts ◽  
Traffic Conflict

The article is devoted to the conceptual consideration of the formation and development of the theory of transport conflicts in the transport process. The early studies of transport conflicts by foreign scientists are shown. The authors come to the conclusion that traffic conflicts depend on the psychophysiology of road users, which must be taken into account in the psychology of traffic conflicts.

scholarly journals Road safety assessment in preferential bus lanes through field analysis and microsimulation of traffic conflicts

2019 ◽  
pp. 87-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julián Darío Julián Otero-Niño ◽  
Juan David Heredia-Castiblanco ◽  
Paula Daniela Fonseca-Agudelo ◽  
Sebastián Cabrera-Pinzón ◽  
Alejandro Gómez-Mosquera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Stopping Time ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Traffic Conflicts ◽  
Traffic Conflict ◽  
Field Information ◽  
The One

Preferential bus lanes are a widely use strategy to promote travelers to use public transport instead of private cars. Considering its relevance in the urban transportation planning and operation, it is crucial to evaluate them in terms of the operation and safety externality. We performed a road safety assessment in preferential public transport lanes with complex driving environment using a preventive approach on the 7 th Avenue, in Bogota (Colombia), between 39 th Street and 45 th Street. A detailed study of traffic conflicts was carried out under the guidelines of the Swedish technique, which uses the Time to accident and Conflicting speed to establish the severity of a conflict. A traffic conflict is defined as an incident where, if two road users on collision course maintain their speed and trajectory constant, the crash between them will be imminent. With the field information, we calibrated a VISSIM microsimulation model that correctly replicates its traffic operation. Using the SSAM tool, we validated the base model to identify the simulated traffic conflicts in VISSIM and compared them with the observed conflicts. Under the calibrated environment, we developed and assessed three different scenarios of countermeasures to reduce the number of conflicts observed. As a result, we found that the safest scenario is the one established in the regulations that normalize the operation in preferential lanes, currently not obeyed by most users. Based on our results, we recommend an adjustment in the normative measures, including regulating the stopping time and stopping zones of private vehicles and taxis.

Are Older Drivers Safe on Interchanges? Analyzing Driving Errors Causing Crashes

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110312
Author(s):  
Denis Elia Monyo ◽  
Henrick J. Haule ◽  
Angela E. Kitali ◽  
Thobias Sando
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Older Drivers ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Lighting Condition ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Traffic Characteristics ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Traffic Conflicts ◽  
Penalized Logistic Regression

Older drivers are prone to driving errors that can lead to crashes. The risk of older drivers making errors increases in locations with complex roadway features and higher traffic conflicts. Interchanges are freeway locations with more driving challenges than other basic segments. Because of the growing population of older drivers, it is vital to understand driving errors that can lead to crashes on interchanges. This knowledge can assist in developing countermeasures that will ensure safety for all road users when navigating through interchanges. The goal of this study was to determine driver, environmental, roadway, and traffic characteristics that influence older drivers’ errors resulting in crashes along interchanges. The analysis was based on three years (2016–2018) of crash data from Florida. A two-step approach involving a latent class clustering analysis and the penalized logistic regression was used to investigate factors that influence driving errors made by older drivers on interchanges. This approach accounted for heterogeneity that exists in the crash data and enhanced the identification of contributing factors. The results revealed patterns that are not obvious without a two-step approach, including variables that were not significant in all crashes, but were significant in specific clusters. These factors included driver gender and interchange type. Results also showed that all other factors, including distracted driving, lighting condition, area type, speed limit, time of day, and horizontal alignment, were significant in all crashes and few specific clusters.

Analysis of Pedestrian Conflicts with Left-Turning Traffic

1996 ◽  
Vol 1538 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Lord
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Computer Programs ◽  
Signalized Intersections ◽  
Laptop Computer ◽  
Expected Number ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Data Collection Process ◽  
Traffic Conflicts ◽  
Traffic Conflict

The interaction between pedestrians and left-turning vehicles at signalized intersections are examined using the traffic conflict technique. Paramount was a comparison of the safety of left turns at two types intersections: T-intersections and X-intersections (cross-intersections). Previous research has indicated that T-intersections are more dangerous to pedestrians. In preparation for the comparison several traffic conflict definitions and their applications to pedestrians were evaluated. Use of a laptop computer for data collection was tested. Eight sites taken from intersections in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, were selected. A conflict recording methodology was developed for T-intersections and X-intersections that consisted of recording data at various times along the paths of pedestrians and left-turning vehicles, and recording traffic conflicts. Two computer programs were written for the data collection process: one for vehicles and one for pedestrians. Several statistical tests to relate traffic conflicts and the expected number of accidents were performed. These tests indicate that a positive correlation between traffic conflicts and expected number of accidents exists; they also suggest that T-intersections have a higher traffic conflict rate than X-intersections.

Application of Extreme Value Theory for Before-After Road Safety Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (4) ◽  
pp. 1001-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lai Zheng ◽  
Tarek Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Value Theory ◽  
Safety Analysis ◽  
Value Theory ◽  
Extreme Value ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Safety Improvement ◽  
Traffic Conflicts ◽  
Traffic Conflict ◽  
Generalized Pareto Distributions

Because of well-recognized quality and quantity problems associated with historical crash data, traffic conflict techniques have been increasingly used in before-after safety analysis in recent years. This study proposes using an extreme value theory (EVT) approach to conduct traffic conflict-based before-after analysis. The capability of providing confident estimation of extreme events by the EVT approach drives the before-after analysis to shift from normal traffic conflicts to more serious conflicts, which are relatively rare but have more in common with actual crashes. The approach is applied to evaluate the safety effects of converting channelized right-turn lanes into smart channels, based on traffic conflicts defined by time to collision (TTC) and collected from three treatment intersections and one control intersection in the city of Penticton, British Columbia. Odds ratios and treatment effects are calculated from extreme-serious conflicts, the frequencies of which are estimated from the generalized Pareto distributions of traffic conflicts with TTC⩽0.5 s. The results show approximately 34% reduction in total extreme-serious conflicts (i.e., combining merging conflicts and rear-end conflicts), indicating overall a remarkable safety improvement following the smart channel treatment. This finding is consistent with the analysis result based on traffic conflicts with TTC⩽3.0 s. It is also found that the reduction in extreme-serious merging conflicts is small and insignificant. This is caused by the phenomenon that TTC values of merging conflicts become smaller after the treatment, and it is possibly because drivers become more aggressive with the better view of approaching cross-street traffic provided by the smart channel.

scholarly journals Modeling and Application of Pedestrian Safety Conflict Index at Signalized Intersections

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Cheng ◽  
Ning Zhang ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Jianfeng Xi
Keyword(s):  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Pedestrian Safety ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Signalized Intersections ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Intersection Safety ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Traffic Conflict ◽  
Vulnerable Road Users ◽  
The City

Traffic conflict between turning vehicles and pedestrians is the leading cause of pedestrian fatalities at signalized intersections. In order to provide a solution for evaluating intersection safety for vulnerable road users, this paper first determines the most important factors in analyzing pedestrian-vehicle conflict and puts forward a pedestrian safety conflict index (SCI) model to establish a quantitative standard for safety evaluation of two- or multiphase intersections. A safety level system is then designed based on SCI to help categorize and describe the safety condition of intersections applicable to the model. Finally, the SCI model is applied to the evaluation of two intersections in the city of Changchun, the result of which complies with expectation, indicating the model’s potential in providing an improved approach for pedestrian-vehicle conflict evaluation study.

scholarly journals Safety Performance Evaluation of a Three-Leg Unsignalized Intersection Using Traffic Conflict Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoqiang Zhang ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Jingya Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Conflict Analysis ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Time To Collision ◽  
Time Headway ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Minor Road ◽  
Traffic Conflicts ◽  
Traffic Conflict

Traffic conflicts were used to evaluate safety performance of a three-leg unsignalized intersection. With the aid of a video camera, data were collected at the intersection and 15-second time span was used in each observation to overcome the drawbacks of traditional methods of traffic conflict analysis. Time to collision (TTC), a widely accepted indicator, was used to identify whether an interaction between two vehicles was a traffic conflict. By using Poisson regression, a prediction model for traffic conflicts at the intersection was developed. Based upon the model, assuming that other factors remain constant, when time headway or speed of eastbound traffic on major road, which is crossed by left-turning traffic from minor road, increases, the number of traffic conflicts at the intersection decreases. When volume of left-turning traffic on minor road or speed of left-turning vehicles on minor road increases, the number of traffic conflicts at the intersection increases if other factors remain constant. Explanations for the influence of the factors, which were represented by independent variables of the prediction model, were then analyzed in detail.

scholarly journals Analisa Tingkat Keselamatan Lalu Lintas Pada Persimpangan Dengan Metode Traffic Conflict Technique (TCT)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Imam Suhadi ◽  
Nuril Mahda Rangkuti
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Traffic Planning ◽  
Unexpected Events ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Traffic Conflict ◽  
Important Means

<em>Teransportasi is the most important means in a country, the development or absence of a country can be measured from the progress teransportasi existing in a conutry, the problems that many occur in Indonesia is a high traffic accident level, especially at the intersections of every road in Indonesia.Accidents are accidental or unexpected events that result in death, injury, or damage to objects. The outline of the accident is caused by four factors, namely human, vehicle, road and environment.TRAFFIC CONFLICT TECHNIQUE (TCT) is a method of observation conducted by collecting accidents that almost happened and see the pettern of the occurrence of accidents. Traffic Conflict Technique (TCT) developed by Departeman of traffic planning and engineering di Lund University di Swedia. Time to Accident (TA) is the time left since evasive action is done until the time of the collision if the road users do not change the speed of the vehicle and does not change the direction of the speed of the vehicle. The TA value is calculated based on the estimated distance (D) and vehicle speed (V) obtained from the survey results.After doing research with TCT method, it is found that the location of the research has the potential to couse an accident.In other words, this method can be used to improve the safety and comfort of road users, can provide a picture of the point of conflict at the intersection of a potential cause of accidents.</em>

scholarly journals Analisis Simpang Bersinyal Pada Simpang 4 Jl. Siliwangi Kota Tasikmalaya

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Farhan Sholahudin ◽  
Agi Rivi Hendardi
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Cycle Time ◽  
Transportation Problem ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Critical Number ◽  
Phase Cycle ◽  
Traffic Conflicts ◽  
Traffic Conflict ◽  
Phase Setting ◽  
Congestion Problems

Transportation problem is one of the problems that is faced in Tasikmalaya City especially at the intersection. Congestion problems and traffic conflicts often occur at a signal especially in intersection on Siliwangi road Tasikmalaya. One of the efforts made to reduce traffic conflicts and optimize the performance of the junction is by setting up the junction and optimizing the Simpang. The purpose of this research is to know the performance of intersection on Siliwangi road Tasikmalaya and provide recommendations for precise handling, as well as analyzing the traffic conflicts that occurred in the junction. The method used in the performance analysis of the junction signal is to use the calculations in the PKJI 2014, while for analysis of traffic conflicts used to determine the severity of the conflict at the intersection on Siliwangi road Tasikmalaya is using the method Traffic Conflict Technique (TCT). After analysis, the performance in the intersection on Siliwangi road Tasikmalaya Tasikmalaya has approached the critical number of the degree of saturation (DS) of 0.7 with level D. In addition to these problems, there is a traffic conflict crossing as many as 230 events (55%), merging as many as 145 events (35%) and diverging as many as 41 occurrences (10%). With the handling and recommendation of phase setting and cycle time setting, it is proven to suppress and minimize the decline of junction performance level to C level with the value of saturation of 0.58. This will also impact the reduction in the amount of traffic conflicts that occur.Keyword : intersection, traffic conflict, PKJI 2014, phase, cycle time

scholarly journals TRAFFIC CONFLICT IDENTIFICATION OF E-BIKES AT SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS

Transport ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Zhaowei Qu ◽  
Yuhong Gao ◽  
Xianmin Song ◽  
Yingji Xia ◽  
Lin Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Time To Collision ◽  
Traffic Conflicts ◽  
Traffic Conflict ◽  
Discriminant Analyses ◽  
Change Trend ◽  
Conflict Identification ◽  
Conflict Types

The increase of e-bikes has raised traffic conflict concerns over past decade. Numerous conflict indicators are applied to measure traffic conflicts by detecting differences in temporal or spatial proximity between users. However, for traffic environment with plenty of e-bikes, these separate space-time approaching indicators may not be applicable. Thus, this study aims to propose a multi-variable conflict indicator and build a conflict identification method for e-bikes moving in the same direction. In particular, by analysing the conflict characteristics from e-bikes trajectories, a multi-variable conflict indicator utilizing change of forecast post encroachment time, change of relative speed and change of distance is derived. Mathematical statistics and cluster discriminant analyses are applied to identify types of conflict, including conflict existence identification and conflict severity identification. The experimental results show: in mixed traffic environments with many e-bikes, compared with time-to-collision and deceleration, accuracy of identifying e-bike conflict types based on proposed method is the highest and can reach more than 90%; that is, multi-variable indicator based on time and space are more suitable for identifying e-bike conflicts than separate space-time approaching indicators. Furthermore, setting of dividing strip between motor vehicle and non-motorized vehicle has significant influence on number and change trend of conflict types. The proposed method can not only provide a theoretical basis and technical support for automated conflict detection in mixed transportation, but also give the safety optimization sequence of e-bikes at different types of intersections.

scholarly journals Inservice road safety audit review of Toronto intersections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Latif
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Collision Risk ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Audit Review ◽  
Practical Procedure ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Road Section ◽  
Traffic Conflict ◽  
Road Safety Audit

This project uses a practical procedure for conducting in-service road safety reviews of existing intersections. The procedure in this project is based on current experience in Canada and other countries and applies road safety engineering research to the Canadian environment. An in-service road safety review is an in-depth engineering study of an existing road using road safety priniciples with the aim of identifying cost-effective countermeasures that would improve road safety and operations for all road users. A review can be done for any road section, intersection, or interchange, and is generally most effective when conducted at locations where a high collision risk has been identified. In-service reviews typically include a structured review of collision history, geometric characteristics, and traffic, operational efficiency and could also include traffic conflict observations and a human factors assessment. The main output from in-service road safety reviews is the identification of road safety problems and the development of cost-effective countermeasures to overcome these road safety problems.

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