Analysis of Pedestrian Conflicts with Left-Turning Traffic

1996 ◽  
Vol 1538 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Lord
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Computer Programs ◽  
Signalized Intersections ◽  
Laptop Computer ◽  
Expected Number ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Data Collection Process ◽  
Traffic Conflicts ◽  
Traffic Conflict

The interaction between pedestrians and left-turning vehicles at signalized intersections are examined using the traffic conflict technique. Paramount was a comparison of the safety of left turns at two types intersections: T-intersections and X-intersections (cross-intersections). Previous research has indicated that T-intersections are more dangerous to pedestrians. In preparation for the comparison several traffic conflict definitions and their applications to pedestrians were evaluated. Use of a laptop computer for data collection was tested. Eight sites taken from intersections in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, were selected. A conflict recording methodology was developed for T-intersections and X-intersections that consisted of recording data at various times along the paths of pedestrians and left-turning vehicles, and recording traffic conflicts. Two computer programs were written for the data collection process: one for vehicles and one for pedestrians. Several statistical tests to relate traffic conflicts and the expected number of accidents were performed. These tests indicate that a positive correlation between traffic conflicts and expected number of accidents exists; they also suggest that T-intersections have a higher traffic conflict rate than X-intersections.

scholarly journals Safety evaluation of unconventional outside left-turn lane using automated traffic conflict techniques

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 631-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyong Guo ◽  
Tarek Sayed ◽  
Mohamed H. Zaki ◽  
Pan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Signalized Intersections ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Left Turn ◽  
Time To Collision ◽  
Traffic Conflicts ◽  
Traffic Conflict ◽  
The Right

The objective of this study is to evaluate the safety impacts of unconventional outside left-turn lane at signalized intersections. New designed unconventional outside left-turn lanes are increasingly used at signalized intersections in urban areas in China. The unconventional outside left-turn lane design allows an exclusive left-turn lane to be located to the right of through lanes to improve the efficiency and increase the capacity of left-turn movements. However, the design also raises some concerns regarding potential negative safety impacts. The evaluation is conducted using an automated video-based traffic conflict technique. The traffic conflicts approach provides better understanding of collision contributing factors and the failure mechanism that leads to road collisions. Traffic conflicts are automatically detected and time to collision is calculated based on the analysis of the vehicles’ positions in space and time. Video data are collected from a signalized intersection in Nanjing, China, where both traditional inside and unconventional outside left-turn lanes are installed on two intersection approaches. The other two approaches have only inside left-turn lanes. The study compared frequency and severity of conflict for left-turning vehicles as well as the percentage of vehicles involved in conflicts from the inside and outside left-turn lanes. The results show that the intersection approaches with outside left-turn lanes had considerably more conflicts compared to approaches without outside left-turn lanes. As well, the approaches with outside left-turn lanes had significantly higher conflict severity than the approaches without outside left-turn lanes. As such, it is recommended that the trade-off between the improved mobility and negative safety impact of outside left-turn lanes be carefully considered before recommending their installation.

Incorporating Speed in a Traffic Conflict Severity Index to Estimate Left Turn Opposed Crashes at Signalized Intersections

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812098616
Author(s):  
Alireza Jafari Anarkooli ◽  
Bhagwant Persaud ◽  
Craig Milligan ◽  
Joel Penner ◽  
Taha Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Score Function ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Signalized Intersections ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Video Analytics ◽  
Left Turn ◽  
Traffic Conflicts ◽  
Traffic Conflict ◽  
Severity Levels

Rigorous evaluation of implemented safety treatments, especially for innovative treatments and those targeted at rare crash types, is challenging to accomplish with conventional crash-based analyses. This paper aims to address this challenge for treatments at urban signalized intersections by providing a methodology that uses surrogate measures of safety obtained from video analytics to predict changes in crashes. To develop this approach, left turn opposed traffic conflicts based on post-encroachment times, along with corresponding conflicting vehicle speeds, are first measured from video observations at signalized intersections. The conflicts are then classified into three severity levels using a risk score function defined by these measures. Multiple linear regression models are developed to relate left turn opposed crashes at the same intersections in the period 2009–2014 to the correspondingly classified conflicts. The results show strong relationships between the classified conflicts and crashes (adjusted [Formula: see text] of 85% and 94% for total and fatal/injury crashes, respectively). The results also reveal that the contribution of conflicts to the risk of crashes varies based on speed dimension of their severity, suggesting that neglecting speed as a factor in conflict severity levels may be at the expense of losing meaningful information. The models can be applied to estimate the change in crashes following a safety treatment by observing, through video analytics, the change in conflicts and speeds and using the crash-conflict-speed model. The methodological approach is viable for quickly evaluating all treatments and, in particular, innovative ones for which knowledge on safety effects is sparse or non-existent.

Comparison of Traffic Conflict Indicators for Crash Estimation using Peak Over Threshold Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (5) ◽  
pp. 493-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lai Zheng ◽  
Tarek Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Signalized Intersections ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Time To Collision ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Traffic Conflicts ◽  
Peak Over Threshold ◽  
Traffic Conflict ◽  
Threshold Approach

Traffic conflict techniques have drawn considerable research interest and a number of conflict indicators have been developed. Previous studies have qualitatively analyzed indicator differences from their definitions and empirically investigated their similarities based on identified traffic conflicts. This study compares conflict indicators from a validity perspective by comparing crashes estimated from conflict indicators with observed crashes. The peak over threshold (POT) approach was employed for crash estimation. Four commonly used indicators are compared: time to collision (TTC), modified time to collision (MTTC), post encroachment time (PET), and deceleration to avoid a crash (DRAC). Based on the conflict and crash data collected from three signalized intersections, POT models are developed for different thresholds in the appropriate ranges, and crash estimation methods were proposed for individual conflict indicators. The identified conflicts and estimated crashes associated with different indicators are then compared. The results show that traffic conflicts identified by the four indicators vary, with MTTC generating the most accurate crash estimates. The crash estimates from TTC and PET are also reasonable but there is a tendency of overestimation for TTC and underestimation for PET. The crash estimates of DRAC are all outside the confidence intervals of observed crashes, which is likely related to the uncertainty of vehicle braking capacity.

Modeling Traffic Conflicts between Pedestrians and Vehicles at Signalized Intersection Based on the Cellular Automata

2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 1881-1886
Author(s):  
Xiao Meng Li ◽  
Xue Dong Yan ◽  
Jiang Feng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Signalized Intersections ◽  
Signalized Intersection ◽  
Intersection Safety ◽  
Vehicle Density ◽  
Conflict Model ◽  
Traffic Conflicts ◽  
Traffic Conflict ◽  
Pedestrian Crossing ◽  
Main Factor

The traffic conflict between pedestrian and vehicle is a main factor that influences the intersection safety and capacity. In this paper, a conflict model that simulates the pedestrians and vehicles’ crossing behaviors when passing the pedestrian crossing area at signalized intersection is presented based on cellular automata method. Evolution rules for pedestrians, vehicles and conflicts between them are assigned. Four types of traffic conflict events and conflict areas are categorized and defined. On the basis of the simulation results, the pedestrian delay owning to traffic conflicts, the number of pedestrians’ conflicts, the conflict event and their relationships with the vehicle density as well as the pedestrian density are analyzed and discussed. This model reproduces realistic pedestrian-related traffic phenomenon effectively and can be used in more complex traffic environments at signalized intersections.

Pemanfaatan Sistem Informasi Sebagai Alat Untuk Pendataan Masyarakat Di Pasuruan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
Syaifuddin Syaifuddin ◽  
Wildan Suharso
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Collection Process ◽  
Data Collection Process ◽  
Service Activity ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
Collection Time

Pendataan yang bersifat manual menjadikan permasalahan pada proses dilakukannya pendataan, hal ini juga terjadi pada Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Kota Pasuruan dimana pendataan masih bersifat manual dengan keterbatasan jumlah Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) yang ditugaskan untuk melakukan pendataan, oleh karena itu pada kegiatan pengabdian ini dilakukan pelatihan sistem informasi untuk meningkatkan waktu pendataan dan mengurangi kompleksitas dalam proses pendataan pada pegawai di Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Kota Pasuruan. Pelatihan sistem informasi yang dimaksud adalah sistem informasi pendataan berbasis masyarakat, yang berisikan data dasar yang diperlukan oleh Pemerintah Daerah dalam rangka penyusunan rencana pembangunan. Data informasi tidak akan memberikan manfaat jika tidak dijadikan sebagai bahan acuan dalam penyusunan rencana pembangunan sehingga pelatihan dan pendampingan perlu dilakukan untuk tercapainya tujuan.Kata Kunci : Sistem Informasi, Berbasis Masyarakat, PendataanABSTRACT Manual data collection causes problems in the data collection process, this also occurs in the Pasuruan City Education and Culture Office where data collection is still manual with a limited number of Human Resources (HR) assigned to collect data, therefore this service activity is carried out information system training to increase data collection time and reduce complexity in the data collection process for employees at the Pasuruan City Education and Culture Office. The information system training referred to is a community-based data collection information system, which contains basic data required by the Regional Government in the framework of formulating development plans. Information data will not provide benefits if it is not used as a reference in the preparation of development plans so that training and assistance are needed to achieve the goals.Keywords : Information System, Community Based, Data Collection 

Management Strategy for Distributing Questionnaires and Interview Guidelines in the Research Data Collection Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
Po. Abas Sunarya ◽  
George Iwan Marantika ◽  
Adam Faturahman
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Focus Group Interviews ◽  
Good Management ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Data Collection Process ◽  
Group Interviews

Writing can mean lowering or describing graphic symbols that describe a languageunderstood by someone. For a researcher, management of research preparation is a veryimportant step because this step greatly determines the success or failure of all researchactivities. Before a person starts with research activities, he must make a written plan commonlyreferred to as the management of research data collection. In the process of collecting researchdata, of course we can do the management of questionnaires as well as the preparation ofinterview guidelines to disseminate and obtain accurate information. With the arrangement ofplanning and conducting interviews: the ethics of conducting interviews, the advantages anddisadvantages of interviews, the formulation of interview questions, the schedule of interviews,group and focus group interviews, interviews using recording devices, and interview bias.making a questionnaire must be designed with very good management by giving to theinformation needed, in accordance with the problem and all that does not cause problems at thestage of analysis and interpretation.

FUNCTIONAL COORDINATION OF METHODS OF ORGANIZATION OF ADAPTIVE DATA COLLECTION PROCESSES AND METHODS OF SPATIAL SELF-ORGANIZATION OF MOBILE AGENTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Botchkaryov. A. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Motion Control ◽  
Mobile Agent ◽  
Mobile Agents ◽  
Parallel Execution ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Data Collection Process ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Adaptive Data Collection

The way of functional coordination of methods of organization adaptive data collection processes and methods of spatial self-organization of mobile agents by parallel execution of the corresponding data collection processes and the process of motion control of a mobile agent using the proposed protocol of their interaction and the algorithm of parallel execution planning is proposed. The method allows to speed up the calculations in the decision block of the mobile agent by an average of 40.6%. Key words: functional coordination, adaptive data collection process, spatial self-organization, mobile agents

Life Cycle Development of Successful Women-owned Enterprises

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-152
Author(s):  
Mohammad Waliul Hasanat ◽  
Kamna Anum ◽  
Ashikul Hoque ◽  
Mahmud Hamid ◽  
Sandy Francis Peris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Data Collection Process ◽  
Theoretical Finding ◽  
Successful Women ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Life Cycle Development

In developing countries, the role of women in the business sector is continuously improving. As a result, female enterprises have also been encouraged in Pakistan. This study is based on life cycle development phases from which women-owned enterprises have to go through in order to become successful. As a primary data source, face-to-face interviews with owners of successful women-owned enterprises were preferred. The data collection process was divided into two phases i.e. Phase-I and Phase-II. After data collection, qualitative analysis has been performed using NVIVO. Findings provide both generic and specific factors involved in life cycle development of women-owned enterprises. This study provides a detailed view of life cycle development model followed by successful women enterprises. The outcome of this research work is a theoretical finding which can be utilized by entrepreneurs owning small scale enterprises to improve their level of performance. Findings can also be helpful for potentially talented women interested in setting up their own business.

Pengaruh Konsumsi Cookies Kerang Dara (Anadara Granosa) terhadap Perubahan Kadar Haemoglobin Wanita Usia Subur

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Iriani Abdullah ◽  
C.H Haumahu
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Perinatal Death ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Anadara Granosa

In the world, around 1.62 billion people have low HB levels, around 30.2% occur in the group of women aged 15-49. In Indonesia, anemia cases rank 4th in the top 10 most disease groups. Prolonged iron deficiency can cause anemia, so it needs to be treated immediately so it doesn’t continue into pregnancy age which can cause complications until maternal and perinatal death. Papua has an abundance of marine wealth; one of those is Kerang Dara. Through this study, researchers wanted to explore the health benefits of nature. The aim is to see the effect of Consumption of Kerang Dara Cookies (Anadara Granosa) on Changes of Hemoglobin Levels of in Woman of Childbearing Age as an Effort to Prevent Anemia in District Aimas, Klaigit Village. Type of this research is quasi-experimental by pretest-posttest control group design method. The population of all the women of Childbearing who live in Klaigit Village, with a total sample of 14 people divided into 2 groups: control and intervention. Data collection techniques using random sampling. The time of data collection occurred for 2 weeks, starting from September 20th to October 4th. The results based on statistical tests using T-Test, then the value 884 is greater than the value of the table 0.05, then the conclusion is there is an Effect of Consumption Kerang Dara Cookies (Anadara Granosa) Towards the Increased of Woman of Childbearing Hemoglobin Levels in Klaigit Village in District Aimas in 2019.

The MID5 Dataset, 2011–2014: Procedures, coding rules, and description

2021 ◽  
pp. 073889422199574
Author(s):  
Glenn Palmer ◽  
Roseanne W McManus ◽  
Vito D’Orazio ◽  
Michael R Kenwick ◽  
Mikaela Karstens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Collection Process ◽  
Data Collection Process ◽  
Interstate Conflicts ◽  
Coding Manual ◽  
Militarized Interstate Dispute ◽  
Coding Rules

This article introduces the latest iteration of the most widely used dataset on interstate conflicts, the Militarized Interstate Dispute (MID) 5 dataset. We begin by outlining the data collection process used in the MID5 project. Next, we discuss some of the most challenging cases that we coded and some updates to the coding manual that resulted. Finally, we provide descriptive statistics for the new years of the MID data.

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