scholarly journals Birds in New York State Have Altered Their Migration Timing and Are Experiencing Different Thermal Regimes While Breeding or on Stopover from 2010 to 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Pudalov ◽  
Sydney Ziatek ◽  
Ana Gabriela Jimenez
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
New York State ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Migration Timing ◽  
York County ◽  
Historical Temperature ◽  
Using Data

Migration represents a significant physiological challenge for birds, and increasing ambient temperatures due to global climate change may add to birds’ physiological burden during migration. We analyzed migration timing in a central New York county and two counties in the Adirondack region by using data from the citizen science network, eBird, and correlating it with historical temperature data. Species of birds sighted in Central NY (N=195) and the Adirondack region (N=199) were categorized into year-round residents and one- and two-stopover groupings based on eBird observations. Using linear regressions, we looked at various relationships between temperature and variables relating to birds’ migration across 2010–2015. Of the total 195 species used within this data in Central NY, 35 species showed some alteration in their migration timing or in the temperature regime they experienced while breeding or on migration stopover. In the Adirondack region, of the total 199 species used within this dataset, 43 species showed some alteration in their migration timing or experienced significantly colder or warmer temperatures while breeding or on migration stopover during 2010–2015. Additionally, many of the bird species affected by temperature changes in the state of New York and those that altered migration timing tended to be long-distance migrants.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous Impact of Geographic Barriers on Provider Choice Evidence from New York County’s Health Market

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-45
Author(s):  
Lee Jae Bok ◽  
Roh Chul-young ◽  
Woolley Jonathan A
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Informatics ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
New York State ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Geographic Barriers ◽  
Health Market ◽  
York County ◽  
Using Data

Health services should be accessible regardless of citizens’ gender, age, race, or insurance type, and geographic barriers should not interfere with this access. This article aims to assess the heterogeneous impacts of geographic barriers on inpatients’ hospital choices and to examine whether they vary according inpatients’ socioeconomic or insurance status. Using data on providers and inpatients obtained from the New York State Bureau of Health Informatics Office of Quality and Patient Safety for New York County (New York City’s borough of Manhattan) for 2009, we employed a discrete choice model. Our findings reveal that geographic barriers limit inpatients’ choices of hospitals more when they are of low socioeconomic status.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal tracing of pandemic spread from infection data

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyaki Roy ◽  
Preetom Biswas ◽  
Preetam Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Network Inference ◽  
Spatial Interaction ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
New York State ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Spatiotemporal Models ◽  
Spread Of Infection

AbstractCOVID-19, a global pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 virus, has claimed millions of lives worldwide. Amid soaring contagion due to newer strains of the virus, it is imperative to design dynamic, spatiotemporal models to contain the spread of infection during future outbreaks of the same or variants of the virus. The reliance on existing prediction and contact tracing approaches on prior knowledge of inter- or intra-zone mobility renders them impracticable. We present a spatiotemporal approach that employs a network inference approach with sliding time windows solely on the date and number of daily infection numbers of zones within a geographical region to generate temporal networks capturing the influence of each zone on another. It helps analyze the spatial interaction among the hotspot or spreader zones and highly affected zones based on the flow of network contagion traffic. We apply the proposed approach to the daily infection counts of New York State as well as the states of USA to show that it effectively measures the phase shifts in the pandemic timeline. It identifies the spreaders and affected zones at different time points and helps infer the trajectory of the pandemic spread across the country. A small set of zones periodically exhibit a very high outflow of contagion traffic over time, suggesting that they act as the key spreaders of infection. Moreover, the strong influence between the majority of non-neighbor regions suggests that the overall spread of infection is a result of the unavoidable long-distance trips by a large number of people as opposed to the shorter trips at a county level, thereby informing future mitigation measures and public policies.

scholarly journals Great Plains Ladies’-tresses (Spiranthes magnicamporum) in the lower Great Lakes region and a new record for New York State

2015 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Daniel F. Brunton
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
New Records ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
York State ◽  
Glacial Relict

Six populations of Great Plains Ladies’-tresses (Spiranthes magnicamporum Sheviak) have recently been discovered in three locations east of the lower Great Lakes region of Canada and the United States. The possible occurrence of S. cernua × magnicamporum hybrids was detected at one New York site. These discoveries are from both natural alvar and disturbed meadow and shore sites. The new records suggest that S. magnicamporum occurs more widely than was suspected previously, its presence perhaps masked by its similarity to the common S. cernua (L.) Richard. Eastern occurrences may represent a combination of post-glacial relict populations, responses to climate change, and the results of long-distance dispersal events. These range extensions constitute the most easterly known populations of S. magnicamporum in North America. They also represent new records for New York State (including Jefferson and St. Lawrence Counties) and for the City of Ottawa in Ontario.

Seeing Blue: A Police-Centered Explanation of Protest Policing

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Earl ◽  
Sarah Soule
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York State ◽  
State Repression ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Local Law Enforcement ◽  
Protest Policing ◽  
Public Protest ◽  
Police Presence ◽  
Using Data

Existing explanations of repression and the policing of protest focus on the interests of political elites, with research indicating that a chief predictor of state repression is the level of threat protesters pose to elite interests. However, prior research has only paid sporadic attention to how the institutional and organizational characteristics of local law enforcement agencies shape the character of protest policing. This article addresses this significant theoretical gap by developing a police-centered, or "blue," approach to protest policing. Using data on the policing of public protest events in New York State between 1968 and 1973, this article finds support for the blue approach. Specifically, the situational threats posed by protesters to those agents who actually perform repression-local police-are critical predictors of police presence and action. Results also show some residual support for the role of elite threats in structuring repression.

scholarly journals A younger glacial Lake Iroquois in the Lake Ontario basin, Ontario and New York: re-examination of pollen stratigraphy and radiocarbon dating

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-463
Author(s):  
C.F.M. Lewis ◽  
T.W. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York State ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Glacial Lake ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Small Lake ◽  
Pollen Stratigraphy ◽  
Lake Basins

Revision of palynochronologic and radiocarbon age estimates for the termination of glacial Lake Iroquois, mainly based on a currently accepted younger determination of the key Picea–Pinus pollen transition, shows agreement with recently established constraints for this late glacial event in the Lake Ontario basin at 13 000 cal years BP. The date of emergence or isolation of small lake basins reflects the termination of inundation by glacial lake waters. The increasing upward presence of plant detritus and the onset of organic sedimentation marks the isolation level in the sediments of a small lake basin. The upward relative decline and cessation of pollen from trees such as Pinus, Quercus, and other thermophilous hardwoods that were wind transported long distances from southern areas also mark the isolation of inundated small lake basins by the declining water level of Lake Iroquois as local vegetation grew and local pollen overwhelmed long-distance-transported pollen. Re-examination of data in small lake basins north of Lake Ontario using the above criteria shows that the age range for the termination of Lake Iroquois derived from these data overlaps other age constraints. These constraints are based on a varve-estimated duration of post-Iroquois phases before incursion of the Champlain Sea, a newly discovered late ice advance into northern New York State, and the age of a mastodon at Cohoes, New York. The new age (13 000 cal years BP) for Lake Iroquois termination is significantly younger than the previous estimate of 11 800 14C (13 600 cal) years BP.

Mapping potential foodsheds in New York State: A spatial model for evaluating the capacity to localize food production

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian J. Peters ◽  
Nelson L. Bills ◽  
Arthur J. Lembo ◽  
Jennifer L. Wilkins ◽  
Gary W. Fick
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food System ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
New York State ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
York State ◽  
Food Needs

AbstractGrowing interest in local food has sparked debate about the merits of attempting to reduce the distance food travels. One point of contention is the capacity of local agriculture to meet the food needs of local people. In hopes of informing this debate, this research presents a method for mapping potential foodsheds, land areas that could theoretically feed urban centers. The model was applied to New York State (NYS). Geographic information systems were used to estimate the spatial distribution of food production capacity relative to the food needs of NYS population centers. Optimization tools were then applied to allocate production potential to meet food needs in the minimum distance possible. Overall, the model showed that NYS could provide 34% of its total food needs within an average distance of just 49 km. However, the model did not allocate production potential evenly. Most NYS population centers could have the majority of their food needs sourced in-state, except for the greater New York City (NYC) area. Thus, the study presents a mixed review of the potential for local food systems to reduce the distance food travels. While small- to medium-sized cities of NYS could theoretically meet their food needs within distances two orders of magnitude smaller than the current American food system, NYC must draw on more distant food-producing resources. Nonetheless, the foodshed model provides a successful template for considering the geography of food production and food consumption simultaneously. Such a tool could be valuable for examining how cities might change their food procurement to curb greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to depletion of petroleum and other energy resources necessary for long-distance transport of food.

scholarly journals Moving Beyond the Influence of Neighbors on Policy Diffusion: Local Influences on Decisions to Conduct Property Tax Reassessment in New York

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 599-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae Ho Eom ◽  
Hyunhoe Bae ◽  
Soojin Kim
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Policy Diffusion ◽  
New York State ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Municipal Governments ◽  
Adoption And Diffusion ◽  
Positive Inducements ◽  
Using Data

Over the past few decades, research on policy adoption and diffusion has grown rapidly. Despite the relatively large number of publications, however, little attention has been paid to the important question of why a policy is differently implemented or diffused across governments. To answer this question and improve our understanding of local policy choice beyond widely cited neighboring influences, we closely examine the roles of three main policy actors—internal actors, external actors, and go-betweens—in the local policy diffusion process, drawing particularly upon property tax reassessment scenarios. In addition, we focus on nested institutional arrangements, including form of government and type of property tax assessor, that affect the policy decisions of internal actors. Using data on cities and towns in New York State for 1993-2010, we estimate event history models of property tax reassessment activities. Our findings reveal that regional interactions with neighbors that have already adopted the policy and top-down go-betweens through positive inducements can help facilitate property tax reassessment across municipalities. Reformed municipal governments in the council-manager form, along with appointed assessors, are also most likely to adopt reassessment policy frequently, compared with other institutional arrangements. Overall, this study advances the policy diffusion literature by exploring the roles of different influences through a more detailed, broader approach.

scholarly journals Network analysis of medical care services

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 1631-1658
Author(s):  
Jerome Niyirora ◽  
Ossayne Aragones
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
New York State ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Patterns Of Care ◽  
Clinical Protocols ◽  
York State ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Using Data

Medical care services can be organized into a network. Understanding the structure of this network cannot only help analyze common clinical protocols but can also help reveal previously unknown patterns of care. The objective of this research is to introduce the concept and methods for constructing and analyzing the network of medical care services. We start by demonstrating how to build the network itself and then develop algorithms, based on principal component analysis and social network analysis, to detect communities of services. Finally, we propose novel graphical techniques for representing and assessing patterns of care. We demonstrate the application of our algorithms using data from an Emergency Department in New York State. One of the implications of our research is that clinical experts could use our algorithms to detect deviations from either existing protocols of care or administrative norms.

scholarly journals Prediction of Length of Stay Following Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

ISRN Surgery ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdissa Negassa ◽  
E. Scott Monrad
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
New York State ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary ◽  
Using Data

There have been published risk stratification approaches to predict complications following percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). However, a formal assessment of such approaches with respect to predicting length of stay (LOS) is lacking. Therefore, we sought to assess the performance of, an easy-to-use, tree-structured prognostic classification model in predicting LOS among patients with elective PCI. The study is based on the New York State PCI database. The model was developed on data for 1999-2000, consisting of 67,766 procedures. Validation was carried out, with respect to LOS, using data for 2001-2002, consisting of 79,545 procedures. The risk groups identified by the model exhibited a strong progressively increasing relative risk pattern of longer LOS. The predicted average LOS ranged from 3 to 9 days. The performance of this model was comparable to other published risk scores. In conclusion, the tree-structured prognostic classification is a model which can be easily applied to aid practitioners early on in their decision process regarding the need for extra resources required for the management of more complicated patients following PCI, or to justify to payors the extra costs required for the management of patients who have required extended observation and care after PCI.

scholarly journals To mask or not to mask: Modeling the potential for face mask use by the general public to curtail the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen E. Eikenberry ◽  
Marina Mancuso ◽  
Enahoro Iboi ◽  
Tin Phan ◽  
Keenan Eikenberry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
General Public ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
New York State ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Epidemic Dynamics ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

AbstractFace mask use by the general public for limiting the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic is controversial, though increasingly recommended, and the potential of this intervention is not well understood. We develop a compartmental model for assessing the community-wide impact of mask use by the general, asymptomatic public, a portion of which may be asymptomatically infectious. Model simulations, using data relevant to COVID-19 dynamics in the US states of New York and Washington, suggest that broad adoption of even relatively ineffective face masks may meaningfully reduce community transmission of COVID-19 and decrease peak hospitalizations and deaths. Moreover, mask use decreases the effective transmission rate in nearly linear proportion to the product of mask effectiveness (as a fraction of potentially infectious contacts blocked) and coverage rate (as a fraction of the general population), while the impact on epidemiologic outcomes (death, hospitalizations) is highly nonlinear, indicating masks could synergize with other non-pharmaceutical measures. Notably, masks are found to be useful with respect to both preventing illness in healthy persons and preventing asymptomatic transmission. Hypothetical mask adoption scenarios, for Washington and New York state, suggest that immediate near universal (80%) adoption of moderately (50%) effective masks could prevent on the order of 17–45% of projected deaths over two months in New York, while decreasing the peak daily death rate by 34–58%, absent other changes in epidemic dynamics. Even very weak masks (20% effective) can still be useful if the underlying transmission rate is relatively low or decreasing: In Washington, where baseline transmission is much less intense, 80% adoption of such masks could reduce mortality by 24–65% (and peak deaths 15–69%), compared to 2–9% mortality reduction in New York (peak death reduction 9–18%). Our results suggest use of face masks by the general public is potentially of high value in curtailing community transmission and the burden of the pandemic. The community-wide benefits are likely to be greatest when face masks are used in conjunction with other non-pharmaceutical practices (such as social-distancing), and when adoption is nearly universal (nation-wide) and compliance is high.

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