scholarly journals An LCA of French beans from Kenya for decision-makers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudine Basset-Mens ◽  
Andrew Edewa ◽  
Céline Gentil
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Air Freight ◽  
Small Holder ◽  
Public Decision ◽  
Farm Types

Although challenging, private and public decision-makers increasingly demand for quantitative assessments of the environmental performance of value chains in South contexts. This paper presents and critically analyzes a complete LCA study performed with Endpoint indicators for a public decision-maker for the fresh French bean (FB) value chain of Kenya. A cradle-to-market-gate LCA study was done including five main stages: agricultural production, transport by road before pack-house, pack-house, transport by road after pack-house, intercontinental transport by air-freight and using 1 kg of raw French bean processed as functional unit. Supported by local experts, primary data were collected for all inputs and outputs for 33 farms over 5 counties and 2 pack-houses. An expert-based typology defined four farm types: large-farm, medium-farm, small-holder farm (SHF) contracted and small-holder farm scattered. Best available methods for field emissions were used and adapted when possible to local conditions (e.g. P losses). At market-gate, air-freight was identified as main hot-spot pleading for the design of stabilized FB products that could be sea-freighted. At farm-gate, large differences were observed between farm types and fertilizer, water and land use were the key-drivers of their eco-efficiency. Impacts due to pesticides applications were small at Endpoint level but were incomplete. These results should be validated with a greater sample of stakeholders and the scope of the LCA should be extended to the consumption stage. Research is also needed to provide LCA practitionners with operational and reliable tools for a better inclusion of pesticides’ impacts and uncertainty.

scholarly journals Design for Circularity Guidelines for the EEE Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3923
Author(s):  
Anton Berwald ◽  
Gergana Dimitrova ◽  
Thijs Feenstra ◽  
Joop Onnekink ◽  
Harm Peters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Stakeholder Collaboration ◽  
Weee Recycling ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
Different Levels

The increased diversity and complexity of plastics used in modern devices, such as electrical and electronic equipment (EEE), can have negative impacts on their recyclability. Today, the main economic driver for waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) recycling stems from metal recovery. WEEE plastics recycling, on the other hand, still represents a major challenge. Strategies like design ‘for’, but also the much younger concept of design ‘from’ recycling play a key role in closing the material loops within a circular economy. While these strategies are usually analysed separately, this brief report harmonises them in comprehensive Design for Circularity guidelines, established in a multi-stakeholder collaboration with industry leaders from the entire WEEE value chain. The guidelines were developed at the product and part levels. They are divided in five categories: (1) avoidance of hazardous substances; (2) enabling easy access and removal of hazardous or polluting parts; (3) use of recyclable materials; (4) use of material combinations and connections allowing easy liberation; (5) use of recycled materials. These guidelines are the first harmonised set to be released for the EEE industry. They can readily serve decision-makers from different levels, including product designers and manufacturers as well as policymakers.

Diversity and distribution of large branchiopods in Kiskunság (Hungary) in relation to local habitat and spatial factors: implications for their conservation

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liesbet Boven ◽  
Bram Vanschoenwinkel ◽  
Els R. De Roeck ◽  
Ann Hulsmans ◽  
Luc Brendonck
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Habitat Diversity ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Species Dispersal ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Spatial Factors ◽  
Large Branchiopods

Large branchiopods are threatened worldwide by the loss and degradation of their temporary aquatic habitats owing to drainage and intensive agriculture. Sound ecological knowledge of their diversity and distribution is a prerequisite to formulate effective conservation measures. In the present study, large branchiopods were collected from 82 temporary freshwater pools belonging to five habitat types in Kiskunság (Hungary). Dormant propagule bank analysis complemented the field survey. Eleven species were found, with large branchiopods occurring in more than half of the study systems. The high regional species richness and occurrence frequency of large branchiopods make Kiskunság a true ‘hot spot’ of large branchiopod diversity. The local environment was more important than spatial factors (isolation) in explaining the presence of the most common species. Dispersal was most likely not limiting for the large branchiopods in the study area and colonisation success of different species was differentially affected by local conditions, possibly invertebrate predation risk and hydroperiod. Meadow pools and wheel tracks contributed most to regional species richness through the presence of rare and exclusive species. To conserve branchiopod diversity, we stress the importance of high habitat diversity in the landscape and the need to conserve neglected habitats such as wheel tracks.

scholarly journals Is a 10-sow unit economically sustainable? A profitability assessment of productivity amongst small-holder pig farmers, Mpumalanga, South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Munzhelele ◽  
James W. Oguttu ◽  
Folorunso O. Fasina
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Reduction ◽  
Good Body Condition ◽  
Commercial Feeds ◽  
Small Holder ◽  
Profitability Assessment ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The majority of small-holder pig farmers in Mpumalanga had between 1- and 10-sow herds. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the current government agricultural intervention (supply of 10 sows and a boar) in terms of technical and economic feasibilities and ascertain whether the small-scale pig value chain system alleviates poverty. Data were obtained from 220 randomly selected small-holder pig farmers using a semi-structured questionnaire. The results showed that 58% farrowed ≤ 10 piglets/born/sow/litter, 44.2% practiced no weaning method and many fed swill and leftovers alone (41.6%). Pair-wise association revealed that the feeding of commercial feeds had a relationship with pigs in relatively good to very good body condition. Pigs in poor body condition were positively correlated with the feeding of swill alone. The economic models for the 10-sow unit proved that pig farming is unprofitable if the current management and feeding systems that operate in the commercial industry are utilised. However, only through a combination of cooperative systems, benefits of economies of scale, reduction of preweaning mortalities and structured government inputs can pig production be profitable at this scale of production.Keywords: piglets; market; profit; economics; feeds

scholarly journals Marketing of orange: a value chain perspective in the selected areas of Sylhet District in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-338
Author(s):  
M Begum ◽  
MR Ahmed ◽  
T Noor ◽  
MI Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cash Income ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Value Addition ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Interview Technique ◽  
A Value ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Orange is one of the most import fruit crops that generate additional cash income for market actors. The study was investigated the marketing system of orange , value addition, roles and functions of value chain actors with the help of primary data collected from both farmers (forty) through simple random sampling and value chain actors (thirty) through purposive sampling by using structured questionnaire and face to face interview technique. The gross return and net return of farmers were estimated Tk. 2, 70,000 and Tk. 22084.77 per hectare respectively. Per quintal value addition of orange of bepari, aratdar, wholesaler and retailer were estimated at Tk. 800, Tk. 340, Tk. 700 and Tk. 1000 respectively. The net marketing margin per quintal of orange of bepari, aratdar, wholesaler and retailer were estimated at Tk. 293.59, Tk. 107.32, Tk. 356.46 and Tk. 700.8 respectively. Among the different actors, retailer incurred highest (in percentage) value addition and net marketing margin. On the other hand, aratdar incurred lowest marketing cost and marketing margin and bepari incurred highest (in percentage) marketing cost but adding second highest value in compare to another.Progressive Agriculture 27 (3): 327-338, 2016

scholarly journals Applied science facilitates the large-scale expansion of protected areas in an Amazonian hot spot

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (31) ◽  
pp. eabe2998
Author(s):  
Nigel C.A. Pitman ◽  
Corine F. Vriesendorp ◽  
Diana Alvira Reyes ◽  
Debra K. Moskovits ◽  
Nicholas Kotlinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
International Commitments

Meeting international commitments to protect 17% of terrestrial ecosystems worldwide will require >3 million square kilometers of new protected areas and strategies to create those areas in a way that respects local communities and land use. In 2000–2016, biological and social scientists worked to increase the protected proportion of Peru’s largest department via 14 interdisciplinary inventories covering >9 million hectares of this megadiverse corner of the Amazon basin. In each landscape, the strategy was the same: convene diverse partners, identify biological and sociocultural assets, document residents’ use of natural resources, and tailor the findings to the needs of decision-makers. Nine of the 14 landscapes have since been protected (5.7 million hectares of new protected areas), contributing to a quadrupling of conservation coverage in Loreto (from 6 to 23%). We outline the methods and enabling conditions most crucial for successfully applying similar campaigns elsewhere on Earth.

scholarly journals Pengembangan Potensi Pusat Kota Serang sebagai Wisata Heritage Perkotaan Berbasis Masyarakat

2020 ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Arfah Sahabudin ◽  
Rusdin Rusdin ◽  
M. Sapari Dwi Hadian
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Heritage Tourism ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Strategic Policy ◽  
Depth Interviews

The existence of the potential for heritage tourism in center of Kota Serang is now almost eliminated and forgotten, whereas if it is managed optimally, many benefits can be generated. The purpose of the research is to reveal the potential of heritage tourism in center of Kota Serang to be developed as a tourist destination. The research method used is a qualitative method. Primary data collection through observation techniques and in-depth interviews. Secondary data through library research. Data analysis uses an interactive model, through three activities namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that there is no clear strategic policy and the lack of efforts in achieving optimal utilization of potential inheritance for tourism development. The synergy of all stakeholders and decision makers is needed to run in line with the vision and mission of development. The proposed development model is community-based heritage tourism. Keywords: heritage tourism, urban-community-based tourism, urban tourism

scholarly journals Management of successful technology transfer in agriculture: The case of Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-501
Author(s):  
Rui Dinis Sousa ◽  
Ainur Boranbayeva ◽  
Zaira Satpayeva ◽  
Amina Gassanova
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Transfer Of Technology ◽  
Factor Evaluation ◽  
Successful Technology

Progress of agriculture is becoming increasingly reliant on the successful application of technology. However, many developing countries depend on technology transfer from other countries to be utilized in large and complex projects in agriculture. This study intends to identify strategic directions for successful technology transfer in developing countries’ agriculture with Kazakhstan as a case study. A SWOT analysis was conducted using Internal Factor Evaluation, External Factor Evaluation, Strategic Position and Action Evaluation, and Quantitative Strategic Planning matrices as analytical methods, based on primary data from interviews and secondary data from reports. With a weight of 52%, opportunities prevail in external factors, with emerging good geographical position, land area latitude, and participation in economic integrations as the most significant ones. On the other hand, internal factors such as emerging low skills in agricultural innovation, insufficient resources in agriculture, old technologies and worn-out equipment, and lack of mechanisms for effective adaptation of foreign technologies to local conditions are indicated as weaknesses, with the percentage of 82%. This study includes twenty-six strategies that were specially designed for technology transfer, and nine of them are considered the most relevant in overcoming internal weaknesses by exploiting external opportunities. Promoting agriculture in an innovative direction, expanding the resource base necessary for technology transfer, and increasing sources of funding for the transfer of technology and the R&D expenditures in agriculture make a top 3 of these strategies. These results will be of interest for policymakers in decision-making on technology transfer in agriculture.

scholarly journals HILIRISASI INDUSTRI SAWIT DI SUMATERA UTARA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andi Matupalesa ◽  
Yudhi Dharma Nauly ◽  
Ivan Fanani
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Hub And Spoke ◽  
North Sumatra

This study aims to provide an overview of the potential downstream of the palm oil industry in North Sumatra, by conducting a series of visits to companies that act as an anchors in the palm oil industry, particularly those located in KEK Sei Mangkei, Kuala Tanjung and KIM. The writing of this study was conducted by using descriptive-explorative analysis method which relies on primary data from companies considered to have a key role in palm industry in North Sumatra. The research method used in the form of identification of value chain, hub-and-spoke and assess the value added of the downstream stages of palm oil. In the end, the downstream of palm oil industry also needs to prioritize the role of anchor companies as locomotives for palm oil industry development in the future.

scholarly journals The Small-Scale Dairy Value Chain Analysis: Challenges And Opportunities For Dairy Development In Mymensingh District Of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Rahman ◽  
FA Happy ◽  
AH Efan ◽  
MHR Hera
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Value Chain Analysis ◽  
Grazing Land ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Chain Map ◽  
Small Scale Dairy

This study examined the prevailing dairy value chain based on primary data collected from 70 small-scale milk producers of Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. The total cost and net return per month per cow were Tk. 4024.30 and Tk. 3165.70, respectively. The net value additions of Tk. 2091.42, Tk. 495.00, Tk. 655.00, Tk. 503.25, Tk. 309.70 were estimated for milk producers, collectors, Faria, Bepari and retailers respectively. Different actors spent highest marketing cost ranged from Tk.49 to Tk.80 for transportation compared to other marketing functions. Actors mostly dependent on the on-going market prices for setting price of milk in the value chain. A value chain map was developed showing the relationships and linkages among value chain actors of small-scale dairy. The study identified some critical factors for successful dairy marketing. The factors were understanding consumer behaviour, technology and transportation, improved business relationships, reduced transaction costs, and improved information flow, and organized market structure. Milk producer’s share in consumers’ price was highest for channel- I followed by channel- V. Expensive, inadequate, low quality feed, lack of grazing land, green grass, inadequate capital, knowledge about cost of production, weak extension services, high fees and unavailability of veterinary doctors, were some of the major problems of milk producers. Supply of adequate feed at subsidized price, ensuring easy access to institutional credit at a lower interest rate, adequate medicine and veterinary services, allocation of khas land for producing fodder/grass, were suggested to solve the problems. SAARC J. Agri., 17(2): 213-226 (2019)

scholarly journals Estimating growth contributions by structural decomposition of input-output tables

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krisztián Koppány
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Structural Decompositions ◽  
Backward Linkages

This paper presents a case-study to demonstrate the calculation methods of growth contributions using structural decompositions of input-output tables and their Hungarian applications. Although the required data are available with a considerable time-lag, results show that taking backward linkages through demand for inputs and value chain multipliers into account can significantly alter the picture on the growth effects of industries and final demand categories by the conventional approach based on quarterly GDP calculations. This can be instructive for analysts and policy- and decision-makers not only in Hungary, but also in other countries. The study was performed by using public macroeconomic and sectoral data obtained from the Hungarian Central Statistical Office.

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