Bonding of Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene to Styrene-Butadiene Rubber

1993 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary R. Hamed ◽  
Hasan S. Dweik
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
High Bond ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Ultra High Molecular Weight

Abstract The adhesion between a sulfur-vulcanized SBR and polyethylenes (PE) of various molecular weights has been determined using a T-peel geometry. When the viscosity average molecular weight of the polyethylene exceeds about 700 k, bonding is sufficient to cause rubber tear during peeling. In contrast, with PE of Mv≈147k, joint strength is reduced by more than an order of magnitude and fracture proceeds between the SBR and PE. It is hypothesized that the high bond strength with the ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is due to the formation of entrapped tangles between chains of the two adherends. Consistent with this, SBR-UHMWPE bonds are not disrupted after extensive swelling in toluene.

New Emulsion SBR Technology: Part I. Raw Polymer Study

2000 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurand Lewandowski ◽  
Morgan S. Sibbald ◽  
Ed Johnson ◽  
Michael P. Mallamaci
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Viscoelastic Behavior ◽  
Flow Region ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Abstract Emulsion styrene—butadiene rubber (ESBR) has been the workhorse of the tire industry since World War II. With the development of solution polymers, ESBR has seen a steady decrease in its use in tire applications. A novel ESBR has been developed which imparts some of the rheological behavior previously only observed in solution polymers. This new ESBR was prepared by blending a high molecular weight elastomer with a low molecular weight elastomer, each having a unique styrene-butadiene composition. A two-phase co-continuous morphology was observed by scanning probe microscopy when the bound styrene difference between the two components was greater than 18%, consistent with the two glass transition temperatures measured by thermal analysis. Blending also served to reduce the amount of very high molecular weight material (> 107 g/mol) readily observed in 1502- and 1712-type polymers by thermal field flow fractionation (ThFFF). ThFFF was found to be superior to size exclusion chromatography for fully characterizing the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the polymers. Time—temperature superposition was performed to characterize the viscoelastic behavior in the rubbery plateau and terminal zones. The ESBR blends showed a cross-over in the terminal flow region that was not observed in 1502- and 1712-type polymers.

Simulation for Polymerization Process of Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR)

2010 ◽  
Vol 148-149 ◽  
pp. 1661-1667
Author(s):  
Kai Gu ◽  
Xiao Di Xu ◽  
Ming Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Weight Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis Method ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

In this paper, Polymer Plus of Aspen Tech Inc. is used to establish a styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) polymerization process model; the sensitivity analysis method is used to analyze concentration of the initiator, reaction temperature and other factors which influence production and molecular weight of product. It is concluded that increasing amount of initiator can improve production, while the molecular weight would increase at first and then decline; and along with the increasing temperature, weight-average molecular weight would lower and production of polymer PBS would increase; molecular weight of polymer and production of polymer would magnify along with increase of amount of emulsifier and volume of the reactor.

Molecular Weight Control of Elastomers Prepared by Emulsion Polymerization

1976 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 610-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Uraneck
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Emulsion Systems ◽  
Commercial Polymers ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Abstract Control of molecular weight is a prerequisite for the production of commercial polymers. This is especially true of elastomers for which satisfactory processing is either an implied or a formal specification. This review covers the theories and their applications for the control of molecular weights for the production of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), emulsion butadiene rubber (E-BR), nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), chloroprene rubber (CR), acrylic-butadiene rubber (ABR), and acrylic rubber. The complexity of the emulsion polymerization system is reflected in the large number of experimental and theoretical studies. Chronologically the theories and experiments based on the original mechanism proposed by Harkins and on the quantitative hypothesis of Smith and Ewart evolved into numerous publications. These works have been periodically reviewed, and several recent reviews give detailed descriptions of these studies. A review by Alexander and Napper, although subjective in choice of papers examined, presents a critical analysis of the major theories of emulsion polymerization systems. However, none of the reviews just cited cover in a significant way the control of the molecular weight of polymers prepared in the presence of reactive transfer agents. The theoretical and experimental studies of the control of molecular weight of elastomers prepared in emulsion systems came from a series of studies different from those concerned solely with emulsion theory and mechanism. In this review the broad features of the mechanism first proposed by Harkins and the hypothesis of Smith and Ewart are accepted. The derivation of modifier depletion and molecular weight equations and the calculation of the theoretical curves used in emulsion systems for the preparation of elastomers are presented next.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Impact on the Mechanical Properties of Modification of Oligohydroxyethers in Organic Solvent Solution with Rubbers

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 519
Author(s):  
Vitalii Bezgin ◽  
Agata Dudek ◽  
Adam Gnatowski
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scientific Paper ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
The Impact

This paper proposes and presents the chemical modification of linear hydroxyethers (LHE) with different molecular weights (380, 640, and 1830 g/mol) with the addition of three types of rubbers (polysulfide rubber (PSR), polychloroprene rubber (PCR), and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)). The main purpose of choosing this type of modification and the materials used was the possibility to use it in industrial settings. The modification process was conducted for a very wide range of modifier additions (rubber) per 100 g LHE. The materials obtained in the study were subjected to strength tests in order to determine the effect of the modification on functional properties. Mechanical properties of the modified materials were improved after the application of the modifier (rubber) to polyhydroxyether (up to certain modifier content). The most favorable changes in the tested materials were registered in the modification of LHE-1830 with PSR. In the case of LHE-380 and LHE-640 modified in cyclohexanol (CH) and chloroform (CF) solutions, an increase in the values of the tested properties was also obtained, but to a lesser extent than for LHE-1830. The largest changes were registered for LHE-1830 with PSR in CH solution: from 12.1 to 15.3 MPa for compressive strength tests, from 0.8 to 1.5 MPa for tensile testing, from 0.8 to 14.7 MPa for shear strength, and from 1% to 6.5% for the maximum elongation. The analysis of the available literature showed that the modification proposed by the authors has not yet been presented in any previous scientific paper.

Viscosity and Molecular Weight of Masticated Styrene-Butadiene Rubber

1965 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 961-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Bhatnagar ◽  
S. Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Intrinsic Viscosity ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Empirical Relation ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Mooney Viscosity ◽  
The Times ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Abstract Changes in the value of [η], [ηm], K′, (M) and μ of SBR masticated in the cold at 25.0 ± 5.0° C in presence of oxygen with the times of mastication are reported. An empirical relation has been developed between the intrinsic viscosity [η] and Mooney viscosity [ηm] which permits molecular weight of the rubber to be determined directly from Mooney viscosity. The value of g which appears in the Flory equation connecting true crosslink density with the physically determined one has been calculated for unfilled SBR.

EFFECT OF REVERSIBLE ADDITION-FRAGMENTATION CHAIN TRANSFER EMULSION STYRENE–BUTADIENE RUBBER ON THE PROPERTIES OF SILICA COMPOUNDS

2020 ◽  
pp. 000-000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunsung Mun ◽  
Kiwon Hwang ◽  
Gwanghoon Kwag ◽  
JaeKon Suh ◽  
Duseong Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Molecular Weight Distribution ◽  
Weight Distribution ◽  
Raft Polymerization ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Narrow Molecular Weight Distribution ◽  
Reversible Addition ◽  
Raft Agent ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

ABSTRACT In recent years, solution styrene–butadiene rubber (SSBR), which has a narrow molecular weight distribution, controllable microstructure, and chain end functionality, is mainly used as base rubber for passenger car tire tread compounds. However, SSBR has a lower molecular weight than that of emulsion SBR (ESBR) because it is difficult to increase the molecular weight of SSBR. In contrast, ESBR can easily increase the molecular weight; however, it has a broad molecular weight distribution. The reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization technique is applicable to the emulsion polymerization. Polymers with narrow molecular weight distributions can be obtained by the RAFT polymerization because the RAFT agent prevents the coupling reaction of the growing chain radicals. In this case, ESBR having a narrow molecular weight distribution, which is an advantage of SSBR, and a high molecular weight, which is an advantage of ESBR, can be synthesized. Therefore, we synthesized RAFT ESBR and fabricated its compounds with silica filler. We confirmed that the physical properties of the RAFT ESBR silica compound are different from those of the ESBR silica compound. In addition to the narrow molecular weight distribution of the RAFT ESBR, the trithiocarbonyl group of the RAFT agent in the RAFT ESBR chain molecules affects the physical properties.

Self-Diffusion Coefficients and Tack of Some Rubbery Polymers

1966 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Skewis
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Microscopic Scale ◽  
Self Diffusion ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Diffusion Rates ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Abstract Self-diffusion coefficients for natural rubber, styrene butadiene rubber, ethylene propylene rubber and butyl rubber, are reported. Rates were determined by application of a layer of radioactively labeled polymer to the top of an unlabeled polymer base film and following the decay of radioactivity at the surface of the system, which decreased as a result of self-absorption. Macroscopically, diffusion is very slow, in fact difficult to measure, but on a microscopic scale it is rapid enough to cause considerable intermingling of polymer chains across an interface within a few seconds after two layers of polymeric material are brought into close contact. However, there were no major differences of self-diffusion coefficients between several types of polymers of comparable molecular weights. Therefore, the magnitudes of the coefficients suggest that diffusion may well be an important step for development of tacky adhesion, but the results also suggest that variations in observed tackiness among polymers cannot be simply ascribed to variations in diffusion rates.

scholarly journals Prediction of the Styrene Butadiene Rubber Performance by Emulsion Polymerization Using Backpropagation Neural Network

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-jiang Jin ◽  
Ben-xian Shen ◽  
Ruo-fan Ren ◽  
Lei Yang ◽  
Jun Sui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Backpropagation Neural Network ◽  
Marquardt Algorithm ◽  
Molecular Weight Regulator ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Original Formula

The effect of the amounts of initiator, emulsifier, and molecular weight regulator on the styrene butadiene rubber performance was investigated, based on the industrial original formula. It was found that the polymerization rate was increased with the increased dosage of initiator and emulsifier, and together with replenishing molecular weight regulator will make the Mooney viscosity of rubber meet the national standard when the conversion rate reaches 70%. The backpropagation neural network was trained by the original formula and ameliorated formula on the basis of Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, and the relative error between the simulation results and experimental data is less than 1%. The good consistency shows that the BP neural network could predict the product performances in different formula conditions. It would pave the way for adjustment of the SBR formulation and prediction of the product performances.

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