Cotton Fibers. Constitution, Structure, and Mechanical Properties

1941 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-288
Author(s):  
R. F. Nickerson
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Fiber Structure ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cellulosic Fibers

Abstract The study by chemical methods of the constitution, derivatives, and properties of cellulose has yielded a voluminous literature and a wealth of useful information. Microscopic and x-ray investigations have produced much new and valuable knowledge of cellulose and its structure. But relatively little attention is given to the mechanical properties of cellulosic fibers, although such properties reflect fiber structure and frequently determine suitability to specific applications. An exhaustive review of the relevant literature on cotton has not been undertaken in this paper; rather, the object is to summarize the available data on constitution and properties and, wherever possible, to indicate their relations to the most probable fiber structure. In this way the material as a whole is integrated into a working concept of the cotton fiber.

Research on Crystallinity, Morphology of Cotton Subjected to Enzyme and Crosslinking Treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 893 ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Nahid Pervez ◽  
Faizan Shafiq ◽  
Muhammad Munib Jilani ◽  
Zahid Sarwar ◽  
Ying Jie Cai
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Structure ◽  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Cellulose I ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cotton Fibres ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Crystalline Nature ◽  
Crosslinking Agents

This paper explores the effect of prior enzymatic treatment on non-formaldehyde crosslinked cotton fiber and crystalline structure of cotton fibers after enzyme, crosslinking and a combination of enzyme and crosslinking treatments were examined by X-ray diffractometer. Results showed that during crosslinking treatment crystallinity index (%) values were increased with reduced crystallinity size and crosslinked of enzyme treated cotton did not change the crystalline nature of cotton (i.e. it was Cellulose I). In addition, by analysing FT-IR and SEM data it is confirmed that uniform presence of crosslinking agents was visible on cotton fibres.

X-Ray Orientation of Equatorial Planes in Swollen and Stretched Cellulosic Fibers

1988 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 299-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sreenivasan ◽  
K. R. Krishna Iyer ◽  
P. K. Chidambareswaran ◽  
N. B. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Cellulose I ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cellulosic Fibers ◽  
Viscose Fibers

X-ray orientation profiles were recorded that pertained to the three equatorial planes from cotton fibers containing both cellulose I and II lattices and from viscose fibers. The changes in orientation brought about by swelling and stretching treatments could be accurately followed by studying the distribution of any one of the diffraction arcs.

Properties Research of Cotton Fiber Reinforced Gypsum Based Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 194-196 ◽  
pp. 1759-1762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Hao Zhang ◽  
Guo Zhong Li ◽  
Min Rong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Optimum Length ◽  
Reinforcement Mechanism ◽  
Mixing Method ◽  
Properties Of Composites

Cotton fibers and gypsum were taken as the raw materials to manufacture cotton fiber reinforced gypsum based composites. Optimum length and dosage of cotton fiber and mixing method were confirmed in the experiments. The effect of cotton fiber on mechanical properties and waterproof properties of composites were studied. The reinforcement mechanism of cotton fibers on composites was discussed.

Structure in “Amorphous Regions”, Accessible Segments of Fibrils, of the Cotton Fiber

1988 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley P. Rowland ◽  
Phyllis S. Howley
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chemical Studies

The extent of hydrogen bonding of O(3)H and O(6)H in “amorphous” regions, more specifically in accessible segments of fibrils, of the cotton fiber varied from near perfection to almost complete disorder in samples under examination. Perfection of hydrogen bonding in various samples and segments of cotton fibers decreased with decreasing crystallinity of the cellulose within the fibrils. For the most part, extents of O(3)H hydrogen bonding and O(6)H hydrogen bonding followed similar patterns with substantial differences in degrees of perfection, the O(3)H ranging from about 95% hydrogen bonding down to 8% and the O(6)H) from 92% down to 41%. Details of hydrogen bonds assessed in these chemical studies are discussed relative to crystallinities and assignments of hydrogen bond structures from x-ray diffraction studies.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF FIBER CONTENT ON COTTON REINFORCED ALBUMEN COMPOSITES

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusof Yusliza ◽  
Ahmad Zuraida
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

ABSTRACT : The effect of fiber content on mechanical properties and thermal stability of the cotton/albumen composites (CAC) were investigated and presented in this paper. The composites having 0%, 3%, 6%, 10%, 13 %, and 16% w/w of cotton fiber were considered.  Hands lay-up technique was used to prepare the CAC specimens and dried for 24 hours before characterised and evaluated for their mechanical performance. The structure and thermal stability of the composites were characterized by using x-ray and thermogravimetry analysis, respectively. The tensile strength and impact resistance of CAC are found maximum with the value of 8.7 MPa and 19.0 kJ/m2, respectively. Analysis on the morphological structure by SEM revealed that the mechanical properties of the composites depend on good wettability and adhesion between fiber/matrix.

Preparation and characterisation of glass and cotton fibers reinforced epoxy hybrid composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 272-276
Author(s):  
Giridharan R. ◽  
Jenarthanan M.P.
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Content Type

Purpose Natural fiber composites have been proven an alternative to conventional composites in many applications such as automotive and transportation industries owing to their eco-friendliness and abundant availability. Also, they are recyclable and biodegradable. Therefore, the need for composites having superior performance is increasing consistently, which has prompted the research reported in this paper. This paper aims to fabricate and evaluate the properties of hybrid composites using glass and cotton fiber with epoxy resin. Design/methodology/approach They were prepared by hand lay-up method, using e-glass and cotton fibers. Epoxy resin used in the preparation of composites. The composites were hybridized at two weight percentages (20 and 30 Wt.%). The prepared samples were tested to evaluate its properties, such as tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength and scanning electron microscope . Findings Microscopic examination revealed the morphological features. Hybrid fiber reinforced epoxy composite (HFREC) exhibited better mechanical properties than the individual samples. It is clear that 30 Wt.% fraction of fiber is better in mechanical properties than 20 Wt.% fraction of fiber reinforcement in both glass fiber and cotton fiber as reinforcement. Also, the hybridization of fibers resulted in increase in properties. Research limitations/implications As cotton fibers are biodegradable, recyclable and lightweight, it has many applications and is mainly used as automotive components, aerospace parts, sporting goods and building industry when reinforced with glass and epoxy. With this scenario, the obtained results of cotton fiber reinforced composites are not ignorable, which could be of potential use, as it leads to better use of available natural fibers. Originality/value This work discovered the properties of e-glass and cotton fiber reinforced epoxy resin hybrid composites (hybridized at different weight percentages), which has not been attempted so far.

Phase Transformations in Ti-7w/oMo-3w/oMe Alloy

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 514-515
Author(s):  
S. Fujishiro
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Processing ◽  
Ray Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Water Quench ◽  
Alpha Beta

The mechanical properties of three titanium alloys (Ti-7Mo-3Al, Ti-7Mo- 3Cu and Ti-7Mo-3Ta) were evaluated as function of: 1) Solutionizing in the beta field and aging, 2) Thermal Mechanical Processing in the beta field and aging, 3) Solutionizing in the alpha + beta field and aging. The samples were isothermally aged in the temperature range 300° to 700*C for 4 to 24 hours, followed by a water quench. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray method were used to identify the phase formed. All three alloys solutionized at 1050°C (beta field) transformed to martensitic alpha (alpha prime) upon being water quenched. Despite this heavily strained alpha prime, which is characterized by microtwins the tensile strength of the as-quenched alloys is relatively low and the elongation is as high as 30%.

Sem and X-Ray Analysis of Renal and Biliary Calculi

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 306-307
Author(s):  
R. J. Narconis ◽  
G. L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Natural State ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Additional Dimension ◽  
Biliary Calculi ◽  
Calculus Formation ◽  
Scanning Electron

Analysis of the constituents of renal and biliary calculi may be of help in the management of patients with calculous disease. Several methods of analysis are available for identifying these constituents. Most common are chemical methods, optical crystallography, x-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy. The application of a SEM with x-ray analysis capabilities should be considered as an additional alternative.A scanning electron microscope equipped with an x-ray “mapping” attachment offers an additional dimension in its ability to locate elemental constituents geographically, and thus, provide a clue in determination of possible metabolic etiology in calculus formation. The ability of this method to give an undisturbed view of adjacent layers of elements in their natural state is of advantage in determining the sequence of formation of subsequent layers of chemical constituents.

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