scholarly journals Effect of Deltamethrin on the Leaf Miner (Liriomyza cicerina) of Chickpea and its Parasitoids

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Abir Soltani ◽  
◽  
Soumaya Haouel-Hamdi ◽  
Moez Amri ◽  
Jouda Mediouni-Ben Jemâa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Spring Variety ◽  
Parasitism Rates ◽  
Negative Side Effects ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Pest Density ◽  
Selective Insecticides ◽  
Control Samples ◽  
Plot Design

The objective of this work was to investigate the effects of chemical treatments on larvae and adults of the chickpea leaf miner (Liriomyza cicerina) and its parasitoids. The study was conducted according to the split-plot design with three replicates, during the cropping seasons 2016 and 2017 in the northwestern Tunisia. Deltamethrin treatments were applied on winter and spring chickpea varieties (Nour and Amdoun, respectively) when the pest density reached a level of 2-3 larvae/leaf in 50% of plants in the field. The number of emerged parasitoids and pest adults were recorded, and parasitism rates were investigated after treatments. Results revealed that the number of captured pest adults has been reduced in treated plots compared to control ones. Respective reduction rates attained 64.15% and 60.17% for Nour and Amdoun varieties during 2017. Additionally, the highest and the lowest parasitism rates were recorded respectively for Opius monilicornis 26.09% on control samples and for Diaulinopsis arenaria 2.88% on treated samples of Nour variety. In all experiments, L. cicerina larvae adults and parasitoids mortalities were higher for the spring variety. Hence, the use of more selective insecticides should be recommended to reduce the negative side-effects on the chickpea leafminer natural enemies.

scholarly journals Monitoring and population changes of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) on tomato under greenhouse conditions in an arid expanse of south-eastern Algeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 409
Author(s):  
Farid ALLACHE ◽  
Fatma DEMNATI
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Population Changes ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Eastern Algeria ◽  
Greenhouse Tomatoes ◽  
First Time

<p>The population changes of <em>Tuta absoluta</em> was surveyed during three growing seasons in greenhouse tomatoes in Biskra. Introduced in 2009 for the first time, it seems to be well established on tomato crops in Biskra; while their natural enemies remained lacking, due possibly to pesticides overuse. All pest stages were present on tomato plants during the three cropping seasons. Important numbers of males were captured during the first growing season and the least during the third growing season. The first adults’ flight spread out between October and December. Adults’ flight significantly rose at the end of the plant cycle due to increased temperatures in all cultivation seasons. This can provide information on the infestation levels for the following cultivation years. The numbers of immature were low during the three cultivation seasons. March, April and May seem more favorable to the different leaf miner instars development for the three cropping seasons. This was due probably to temperature rising.</p>

scholarly journals Effects of Farmyard Manure and Integrated Weed Management on Okra Growth Parameters (Abelmoschus Esculentus (L.) Moench) at Dadinkowa

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Sudan Savanna ◽  
Number Of Branches ◽  
Plot Design

Field trials were conducted during 2011 and 2012 cropping seasons at the Teaching and Research Farm of Federal College of Horticulture Dadinkowa in Sudan savanna agro-ecological zone of Nigeria. The objectives of the trial were; to determine the effects of farmyard manure and integrated weed management on okra growth. The treatments were laid out in a split-plot design with farmyard manure rates occupying the main plots; while integrated weed management rates were allocated to the sub-plots and replicated three times. Farmyard manure was applied to affected plots a week before sowing okra, while pendimethalin 500 EC was applied pre-emergence at the rate of 2.5 kg a.i. ha-1 immediately after sowing. Results revealed that the effects of farmyard manure and integrated weed management were significant on plant height (P≤5%), number of leaves plant-1, number of branches plant-1 and leaf area plant-1. It was observed that the control treatments of no farmyard manure applied and no weed control significantly gave lower means on okra growth parameters, while application of 4 t ha-1 of farmyard manure and weeding once at 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 WAS together with 2.5 kg a.i. ha-1 of pendimethalin 500 EC significantly gave higher means on the same traits, as well as integrated weed management.

scholarly journals Pest Status of Acraea acerata Hew. and Cylas spp. in Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) and Incidence of Natural Enemies in the Lake Albert Crescent Agro-ecological Zone of Uganda

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. IJIS.S13456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua S. Okonya ◽  
Jürgen Kroschel
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Ecological Zone ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Cylas Puncticollis ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Parasitism Rates ◽  
Cropping Seasons

The present study presents the results of farmers’ field surveys of the sweetpotato butterfly, Acraea acerata Hew., and the two African sweetpotato weevils, Cylas puncticollis Boheman and C. brunneus F. infestation and damage. The objectives of this study were to determine (i) occurrence and distribution of A. acerata and Cylas spp. as well as infestation and losses in sweetpotato ( Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.), and (ii) the occurrence and abundance of parasitoids of A. acerata in the Lake Albert Crescent (LAC) agro-ecological zone of Uganda. Field surveys were conducted in 240 sweetpotato fields in eight subcounties in Masindi and Buliisa districts at the end of each of the two cropping seasons of 2012 (March to May and September to November). A. acerata and Cylas spp. occurred in 17% and 90% of the fields, respectively. A. acerata did not occur in two subcounties of Buliisa district. A. acerata infestation was low, with up to two and four larvae per plant in the first and second cropping season, respectively, causing minor defoliation of up to 4.1% of the sweetpotato plant. Larvae of Cylas spp. caused root yield losses of up to 56.5% and 47.5% in the first and second cropping seasons, respectively. Parasitism rates of A. acerata larvae ranged from 0.0% to 15.1% in season 1 and 0.0% to 6.3% in season 2. Out of a total of 1020 larvae collected, 8.43% were found to be parasitized. Parasitoids occurred in 56% of fields infested by its host. Charops spp. was the main parasitoid. It was evident that Cylas spp. were more prevalent than A. acerata in the LAC agro-ecological zone of Uganda. Conservation of A. acerata natural enemies may contribute to better management of this pest. Urgent attention for management of Cylas spp. is required.

scholarly journals Effects of Preceding Cowpea on the Performance of Maize in Cowpea-Maize Sequential Cropping

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunday Ojo Adigbo ◽  
Thomas Oladeji Fabunmi ◽  
Anthony Isadeha ◽  
Veronica Bola Adigbo ◽  
Joy Nwakaego Odedina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Cowpea Varieties ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Lower Biomass ◽  
Sequential Cropping ◽  
Plot Design

Abstract Field experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Agriculture in 2004/2005, 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 cropping seasons to investigate the effects of cowpea varieties on succeeding of maize crop. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design and the treatment replicated three times. The main plot treatment was sprayed and unsprayed cowpea (Vigna unguculata L.) while variety constituted the subplot treatment (IT90K-76, IT90K-277-2, Drum, Olo, Oloyin, Mallam and Sokoto varieties). Maize variety cv TZESR-W was planted as the test crop in the early cropping season of 2005, 2006 and 2007 on each subplot of the preceding cowpea. The biomass of cowpea in the spray plots were higher than those of unsprayed at 8, 10 WAP in 2004. Olo variety had significantly lower biomass compared to others in 2004. The grain yield of cowpea from the sprayed plots was significantly higher than the unsprayed plots in all the years. IT90K-76 variety had the highest grain yield whereas Mallam and Drum had the lowest in all the years. Maize grain yields from the preceding cowpea plots were significantly higher than that of 0 N kg/ha. The fertilizer equivalent of the preceding varieties of cowpea ranges between 24 and 38 N kg/ha. Thus, preceding cowpea enhances the performance of succeeding maize.

scholarly journals Integrated Effect of Chlorusulfuron, Nitrogen Fertilizer and Varieties on Striga Management in Sorghum in Western, Tigray, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Letemariam Desta ◽  
Ibrahim Fitw ◽  
Alemu Araya
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Sorghum Plant ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Plant Stand ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Plot Design

A field experiment was conducted during the cropping seasons of 2017/2018 to evaluate the effect of levels of herbicide and N fertilizer and sorghum varieties on striga management in the Western Tigray. Split-split plot design was used to conduct the experiment using three replicate. The experiment comprised of four levels of N fertilizer in the main plot (control (0 kg/ha, 23, 46 and 69 kgha-1) and herbicide applications in sub-plot (0, 10, 15 and 20 gha-1) and three sorghum varieties (Birhan, Deber and Wediaker) in sub-sub plot under naturally S. hermonthica infested area. Striga counts and striga growth parameters were recorded. Results showed that days to first flowering, striga count per sorghum plant, stand counts of striga at 45 DAP, 65 DAP and 85 DAP per m-2, branch number per plant, plant height and biomass of striga were significantly (P<0.01) affected with the application of N fertilizer, herbicide rates and varieties. Generally, an integrated approach was found to be the best method to control striga.

scholarly journals Comparative Performance of Honey Production from Two Different Bee Hives in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 102-111
Author(s):  
Mohammed Sakhawat Hossain ◽  
Md Mohi Uddin Fazlullah ◽  
Md Mizanur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Opposite Result ◽  
Honey Production ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Plot Design ◽  
Honey Yield

The study was conducted in three districts viz., Sirajgonj, Gazipur and Satkhira during the mustard, litchi, and mangrove blooming period, respectively during 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 cropping seasons to study honey production efficiency of traditional hive and poly super hive. The study was carried out in paired plot design. Fourteen boxes were used in each setup, among them seven were traditional hive and seven were poly super hive. In Ullapara of Sirajganj district during 2015-16 poly super hive yielded the highest (17.03 kg hive-1season-1) honey. In 2016-17 (mustard) the highest honey was harvested from poly super hive operated at Tarash (18.63 kg hive-1season-1) and the lowest honey yielded in poly super hive at Shahjadpur. At Kapasia of Gazipur during 2015-2016 (litchi) the poly super hive produced the highest (20.46 kg hive-1season-1) honey yield cropping season and the lowest (20 kg hive-1season-1) was in Kaliganj (Gazipur district). On the other hand, during 2016-2017 it was observed that in poly super hive produced the highest (14.92 kg hive-1season-1) honey operated in Gazipur Sadar and the lowest (13.93 kg hive-1season-1) was in Kaliganj. In Satkhira during 2015-16 cropping season (mangrove) the poly super hive gave the highest (14.92 kg hive-1season-1) honey yield and it was obtained from Tala and the lowest (14.65 kg hive-1season-1) honey was yielded and it obtained in Kaliganj. Again during cropping season 2016-17 poly super hive produced the highest (12.5 kg hive-1season-1) honey and it was from Tala and the lowest (11.45 kg hive-1season-1) in Munshiganj. There was significantly less honey production was recorded in traditional bee hives than the poly super hive. During 2016-17 season honey production was higher than 2015-16 season at Sirajganj. However, opposite result was observed at Gazipur and Satkhira. The Agriculturists 2019; 17(1-2) 102-111

scholarly journals Financial Returns of Maize and Bean Production under Selected Tillage Practices in Semi-arid Area of Mwala Sub County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-23
Author(s):  
Anne N. Karuma ◽  
Patrick T. Gicheru ◽  
Charles K. K. Gachene
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Financial Returns ◽  
Marginal Analysis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Plot Design

An on-farm experiment was carried out to assess the short term financial returns over four cropping seasons of selected tillage practices and cropping systems in semi-arid Mwala Sub County of Kenya. The tillage treatments were Disc Ploughing (DP), Disc Ploughing and Harrowing (DPH), Ox-ploughing (OX), Subsoiling – Ripping (SSR), Hand hoeing with Tied Ridges (HTR), and Hand hoeing (H) only. There were three cropping systems of Sole Maize (SM), Sole Bean (SB), and Maize - Bean intercrop (M + B), which were investigated in a Split-Plot Design with four replications. Input and output prices were obtained from the local markets and used to compute the financial returns. Across the tillage practices, higher net returns were realized in DPH (USD 1165), DP (USD 1014), and SSR (USD 866). In the cropping systems, the intercrop (USD 1051) and sole bean (USD 954) reported higher benefits than sole maize (USD 692). Based on marginal analysis, it is economically viable to recommend the SSR with sole bean systems to farmers in Mwala Sub County as it produced the higher BCR (> 2) and an MRR (> 100 %) which is comfortable to most farmers.

scholarly journals Postharvest antimicrobial treatments with organic acids to improve the shelf life of fresh blueberries

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-101
Author(s):  
Alina Madalina PLESOIANU ◽  
Felicia TUTULESCU ◽  
Violeta NOUR
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Control Samples

Fresh highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) are one of the most popular soft fruits characterized by attractive sensorial attributes and high antioxidant potential. They are highly perishable as they are susceptible to various microbial infections, both pre- and postharvest. The present research was conducted to investigate the effects of postharvest treatments with citric (2%), benzoic (0.2%) and sorbic (0.2%) acids on physicochemical, biochemical and microbiological evolution of fresh blueberries under cold storage conditions. Samples were evaluated initially and at 7-day interval for dry matter, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity and surface microbial load for six weeks storage time. Chemical treatments significantly reduced the microbial growth on the fruit surface throughout the storage period as compared to the control samples, but they caused a significant increase in moisture loss (sorbic acid > benzoic acid > citric acid > water), probably due to the partial damage of the natural cuticular wax layer covering the fruit. Antimicrobial effects of chemical treatments were more noticeable than their biochemical effects. Total phenolic, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity showed similar variation pattern during storage in treated and control samples. However, at the end of the storage period, antioxidant activity was significantly higher in samples treated with citric acid and benzoic acid as compared with control samples. 

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