Medical rehabilitation strategies in complex assistance of people with COVID-19. Literature review

Author(s):  
Alisa Tabirta ◽  
◽  
Marina Bulai ◽  
Victoria Chihai ◽  
Svetlana Plesca ◽  
...  

Covid-19 infection is a challenge for the medical system. The development of programs and strategies for the rehabilitation of people in different stages of the disease is relevant and current. The study is a bibliographic synthesis that aimed to analyze the methods and strategies of medical rehabilitation of patients with the new “coronavirus infection”. Data were collected from the academic databases PubMed, PubMed Central, Google, collecting relevant articles from 2019-2021, using the keywords: [“Covid-19” or “Covid 19” or “2019- CoV” or “SARS- CoV” or“ new coronavirus” or “SARS-CoV-2”] and [“rehabilitation ”or“ physical medicine”]. Th e aim of the study was to estimate the consequences of COVID-19 and to identify methods of recovery treatment. Because Covid-19 severely affects the respiratory system, pulmonary rehabilitation interventions with respiratory techniques and postural drainage combined with other physiotherapeutic methods may be used for a patient with COVID-19. The wide range of clinical manifestations in COVID-19 reveals the importance of adapting the rehabilitation program to functional deficits and patient needs. Multifactorial programs combined with active and supportive methods (physical therapy, exercise, occupational therapy, reflex therapy) are effective and can be used in the complex care of patients with COVID-19 at all stages of treatment.

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
M.A. Khan ◽  
E.L. Vakhova ◽  
D.Yu. Vybornov ◽  
N.I. Tarasov ◽  
Е.О. Pochkin ◽  
...  

The relevance of the problem of children with upper limb trauma medical rehabilitation is determined by the high frequency elbow joint fractures; the risk of complications development, disabilityc of the patient. A comprehensive medical rehabilitation program assumes a personalized approach and a differentiated prescription of physical factors, depending on the time period of rehabilitation. Early physical rehabilitation is a key link in the complete recovery of the function of a patient’s limb with damage to the elbow joint. The purpose of this work is to analyze literature and summarize the results of our own research to determine the optimal approaches and methods for medical rehabilitation of children with upper limb injury. The medical rehabilitation program includes various methods of kinesiotherapy, robotic mechanotherapy, massage, a wide range of apparatus physiotherapy to improve the trophism of the periarticular tissues, to maintain mobility in joints free from immobilization; gain of the full range of motion in the damaged joint; normalizing tone and strengthening the muscles of the upper limb. Medical rehabilitation of children with elbow joint injury is carried out from the earliest stage, in stationary conditions, during the period of immobilization. The rehabilitation measures continue in outpatient and polyclinic conditions, during the entire period of immobilization (2–4 weeks) and then in the post-immobilization period until the limb function is fully restored. It is necessary to monitor the main indicators of the function of the upper limb during the entire period of rehabilitation to assess the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures, objectify the course of the rehabilitation process and the continuity of rehabilitation programs. Definition of the tasks of medical rehabilitation, differentiated for each stage; the choice of modern, pathogenetically grounded rehabilitation technologies with an assessment of their effectiveness contribute to a significant increase in the effectiveness of comprehensive rehabilitation programs for children with upper limb trauma.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Marina G. Bubnova ◽  
Anna L. Persiyanova-Dubrova ◽  
Nadezhda P. Lyamina ◽  
David M. Aronov

The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19), which quickly became a pandemic in 2020, has presented new challenges for healthcare system. COVID-19, being a contagious infectious disease predominantly affects respiratory system, causes cardiovascular, neurocognitive, renal, gastrointestinal, hepatic, metabolic and mental damages, which is in fact a multisystem disease. Patients with COVID-19, primarily with moderate and severe forms, need appropriate rehabilitation. This article establishes need of development of rehabilitation programs for COVID-19 patients, identifies their problems that leads to restrictions on everyday life, self-service, mobility, communication, interpersonal relationships, and professional activities. Goals and general principles of medical rehabilitation in context of a pandemic at all three stages are presented. Features of rehabilitation approaches are highlighted and important components of individual rehabilitation program for COVID-19 patients are highlighted.


2020 ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
A. S. Kaisinova ◽  
A. N. Semukhin ◽  
A. V. Abramtsova ◽  
N. V. Efimenko ◽  
D. I. Velikanov ◽  
...  

The purpose of the study is to develop a medical rehabilitation program for the patients who have come through a new coronavirus infection in the resort of Pyatigorsk. Material and methods. In the conditions of the health center named after S.M. Kirov in Pyatigorsk, a branch of FSBI NCFSCC FMBA of Russia, there have been observed 52 patients who had the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 of moderate severity, at the age from 18 up to 65 years old. Two groups have been formed by simple randomization: in the main group, the patients received normoxic barotherapy against the background of traditional spa therapy for pulmonary patients; in the control group, the patients had only conventional therapy. Results. The inclusion of normoxic barotherapy in the complex of medical rehabilitation of patients who came through the novel coronavirus infection contributed to the increase of tolerance to exercise and improved blood oxygen saturation in 92,9 % of cases, restoration of impaired functions of bronchopulmonary apparatus in 89,3 % and physical and mental health in 85.7 % of cases, which was significantly higher in comparison to similar indicators in the control group. Conclusion. Medical rehabilitation of patients after the new coronavirus infection in the resort is justified and advisable.


Author(s):  
V. V. Afanasyeva ◽  
A. A. Potapchuk ◽  
N. V. Chernysh

The objective was to determine the most significant categories of ICF that allow us to provide objective information about the biopsychosocial state of patients who have suffered a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 and to choose the most effective methods of rehabilitation based on the rehabilitation diagnosis of each group of patients.Methods and materials. On the basis of the clinic of the Pavlov University, a course of medical rehabilitation was conducted for 2 weeks for patients who had suffered a new coronavirus infection in severe and moderate degree of course. 2 groups were formed: EG1-25 people participating in the rehabilitation program with the use of physical exercises and EG2 — 39 people with the use of physical exercises and physiotherapy. A categorical rehabilitation profile of patients by ICF domains was compiled.Results. As a result of the application of the medical rehabilitation program, a statistically significant improvement in the indicators in EG 2 was revealed. The respiratory function (the Barbell test) improved by 14.6%, the functional state of the cardiovascular system according to the DBP indicator by 3.9%. The analysis of the results of the ICF category «activity and participation» revealed a statistically significant improvement in the motor test parameters (6MSHT) in both groups: by 11.9 % in EG2 and by 20.6 % in EG1.Conclusions. The results of the study indicate the positive impact of the proposed program of medical rehabilitation and confirm the relevance of the problem, unsolved problems and prospects for scientific research on this topic.


2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Sh. Dudchenko ◽  
V. V. Ezhov ◽  
V. I. Mizin ◽  
S. N. Belyaeva ◽  
G. G. Maslikova ◽  
...  

Respiratory diseases are a serious health problem due to their wide prevalence, not always adequate treatment, sufficiently high probability of developing complications, and frequent formation of disability. One of the important tasks of the development of rehabilitation medicine in the resorts of Russia is to improve programs for the recovery treatment and prevention of respiratory diseases. The spread around the world of a new coronavirus infection, with the most frequent lung damage, has set a new task – the rehabilitation of patients who have suffered pneumonia caused by COVID-19. It is necessary to develop regional standards for sanatorium-resort medical rehabilitation, which made it possible to rationally use the recreational potential of the coastal climatic resorts of Crimea for patients with various respiratory diseases.


2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
Maria S. Petrova ◽  
Maya A. Khan

The article is about medical rehabilitation of children who have suffered from the coronavirus infection COVID-19, which is an acute infectious disease caused by a new strain of the coronavirus SARS CoV-2. The authors present current information about epidemiology and clinical course of this disease in children. It is known that complications and adverse outcomes of COVID-19 in children are observed much less frequently than in adults. At the same time, the clinical experience of monitoring children who have had a new coronavirus infection showed that all patients need medical rehabilitation, including those who had the disease in asymptomatic or mild form. Data on the possibility of functional disorders not only in the respiratory organs but also in other systems of the body determines the necessity of stage-by-stage medical rehabilitation of these children. The article defines the main principles and stages of their rehabilitation, proves the necessity of indications for different stages. Medical rehabilitation of children after a new coronavirus infection at all stages is provided by specialists of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation team which includes a pediatrician, a physiotherapist, an exercise therapist, a medical rehabilitation doctor, a reflexologist, a medical psychologist, a speech therapist, an instructor-methodologist, etc. This article presents a wide range of modern techniques of apparatus physiotherapy and kinesotherapy indicated for children who have undergone COVID-19, with the description of the main therapeutic effects and the mechanism of therapeutic action of physical factors. Psychological rehabilitation is of great importance in the complex of rehabilitation measures for children with COVID-19. Special attention is paid to the issues of sanatorium-resort treatment of children after a new coronavirus infection. The spectrum of nonmedicamentous technologies for inclusion in the individual program of sanatorium-resort treatment of such patients with the use of natural healing resources (mineral waters, therapeutic mud, therapeutic climate, other natural conditions used for treatment and prevention of diseases); nonmedicamentous therapy, therapeutic exercises, massage, physiotherapy, hydrotherapy, reflexotherapy, psychotherapy is determined. The article presents criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Soracca Fellicita Sugiarto ◽  
Tanti Ajoe Kesoema

Introduction: Foramen magnum meningioma is a rare case. The incidence is 0.3% - 3.2% of all meningiomas. Clinical manifestations of foramen magnum meningioma are atypical and unpredictable. The main therapy for foramen magnum meningioma is surgery. The role of rehabilitation becomes important in the process after surgery. Case Presentation: A 46 years old female had weakness and loss of sensory of her upper and lower limbs, accompanied by urinary retention and constipation in the last 2 month, categorized by ASIAimpairment scale (AIS) C neurological level of injury at C2. Cervical MRI with contrast showed the impression of an extramedullary intradural mass as high as the inferior aspect of the pons to the corpusvertebrae cervical 1 supports the picture of meningiomas. The rehabilitation programs after surgery were active assistive range of motion exercise progressing to active range of motion, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, sensory stimulation and bladder and bowel training. Conclusion: The patient’s expectation for returning to independency is a long-term goal of the rehabilitation program. After definitive therapy (surgery) is conducted, medical rehabilitation management can be done as early as possible to achieve the optimum functional recovery. Muscle strengthening, sensory stimulation and bladder/bowel training improved motor , sensory and autonomic function.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
N. A. Belyakov ◽  
T. N. Trofimova ◽  
O. E. Simakina ◽  
V. V. Rassokhin ◽  
S. L. Serebryakova

The pandemic of the newly coronavirus infection COVID-19 was the test primarily for scientists, experts in epidemiology, infectiology and other fields of medicine participating in addressing the issues of organization and delivery of care, forming up the whole ideology of public health in new conditions. The lecture presents the complex analysis of development of the epidemiologic process, concerning a review of last epidemics, regional features, forecast and modelling approaches, the observers will be able to evaluate demographic, social and medical aspects of evolution. The emphasis is made on the consequences of the transferred infection that directly affect human health, a brief analysis of the clinical manifestations of post-covid syndrome and its expected impact on people, the functioning of all levels of health care, including rehabilitation. The key role of vaccination as the main method of population immunity, prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the development of severe and complicated forms of the disease, as well as domestic manufacturers and manufacturers of several safe and highly effective vaccines has been determined. The article is intended for a wide range of medical professionals, healthcare organizers, government officials and other interested parties.


Author(s):  
Galina Evgenievna Ivanova ◽  
Alexey Andreevich Shmonin ◽  
Maria Nikolaevna Maltseva ◽  
Irina Evgenievna Mishina ◽  
Elena Valentinovna Melnikova ◽  
...  

Patients with a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) need rehabilitation. Rehabilitation approaches of patients with another pathology also require to be reviewed under the conditions of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. It is necessary to develop clinical recommendations for the rehabilitation care delivery in patients with COVID-19 and other diseases during a pandemic. A group of experts analyzed the data of current reviews on rehabilitation with COVID-19, as well as previous studies on rehabilitation in patients with Post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) and acute respiratory distress syndrome of non-coronavirus etiology, and developed thereupon the main positions of clinical recommendations. We discuss the main rehabilitation problems in patients with COVID-19, in particular structures and functions impairments, leading to limitations and restrictions of self-care, mobility, domestic life, communication, interpersonal interactions and relationships, professional activities and those determining care requirement. The article also provides general recommendations on medical rehabilitation management in a pandemic at all three stages, including patients routing, ensuring the infectious safety of medical personnel and patients. The necessary individual rehabilitation program components for patients with COVID-19 at all stages of rehabilitation have been identified, including patients examination, nutritional deficiency correction, restoration of respiratory function, exercise tolerance, muscle strength, self-monitoring and training in new movement conditions, psychoemotional state disorders and cognitive functions, as well as independence in everyday life recovery. Medical rehabilitation during the COVID-19 epidemic should include all rehabilitation care components and helps to optimize vital functions, to prevent complications and to improve the patients life quality.


Author(s):  
А.Р. Зарипова ◽  
Л.Р. Нургалиева ◽  
А.В. Тюрин ◽  
И.Р. Минниахметов ◽  
Р.И. Хусаинова

Проведено исследование гена интерферон индуцированного трансмембранного белка 5 (IFITM5) у 99 пациентов с несовершенным остеогенезом (НО) из 86 неродственных семей. НО - клинически и генетически гетерогенное наследственное заболевание соединительной ткани, основное клиническое проявление которого - множественные переломы, начиная с неонатального периода жизни, зачастую приводящие к инвалидизации с детского возраста. К основным клиническим признакам НО относятся голубые склеры, потеря слуха, аномалия дентина, повышенная ломкость костей, нарушения роста и осанки с развитием характерных инвалидизирующих деформаций костей и сопутствующих проблем, включающих дыхательные, неврологические, сердечные, почечные нарушения. НО встречается как у мужчин, так и у женщин. До сих пор не определена степень генетической гетерогенности заболевания. На сегодняшний день известно 20 генов, вовлеченных в патогенез НО, и исследователи разных стран продолжают искать новые гены. В последнее десятилетие стало известно, что аутосомно-рецессивные, аутосомно-доминантные и Х-сцепленные мутации в широком спектре генов, кодирующих белки, которые участвуют в синтезе коллагена I типа, его процессинге, секреции и посттрансляционной модификации, а также в белках, которые регулируют дифференцировку и активность костеобразующих клеток, вызывают НО. Мутации в гене IFITM5, также называемом BRIL (bone-restricted IFITM-like protein), участвующем в формировании остеобластов, приводят к развитию НО типа V. До 5% пациентов имеют НО типа V, который характеризуется образованием гиперпластического каллуса после переломов, кальцификацией межкостной мембраны предплечья и сетчатым рисунком ламелирования, наблюдаемого при гистологическом исследовании кости. В 2012 г. гетерозиготная мутация (c.-14C> T) в 5’-нетранслируемой области (UTR) гена IFITM5 была идентифицирована как основная причина НО V типа. В представленной работе проведен анализ гена IFITM5 и идентифицирована мутация c.-14C>T, возникшая de novo, у одного пациента с НО, которому впоследствии был установлен V тип заболевания. Также выявлены три известных полиморфных варианта: rs57285449; c.80G>C (p.Gly27Ala) и rs2293745; c.187-45C>T и rs755971385 c.279G>A (p.Thr93=) и один ранее не описанный вариант: c.128G>A (p.Ser43Asn) AGC>AAC (S/D), которые не являются патогенными. В статье уделяется внимание особенностям клинических проявлений НО V типа и рекомендуется определение мутации c.-14C>T в гене IFITM5 при подозрении на данную форму заболевания. A study was made of interferon-induced transmembrane protein 5 gene (IFITM5) in 99 patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) from 86 unrelated families and a search for pathogenic gene variants involved in the formation of the disease phenotype. OI is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous hereditary disease of the connective tissue, the main clinical manifestation of which is multiple fractures, starting from the natal period of life, often leading to disability from childhood. The main clinical signs of OI include blue sclera, hearing loss, anomaly of dentin, increased fragility of bones, impaired growth and posture, with the development of characteristic disabling bone deformities and associated problems, including respiratory, neurological, cardiac, and renal disorders. OI occurs in both men and women. The degree of genetic heterogeneity of the disease has not yet been determined. To date, 20 genes are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of OI, and researchers from different countries continue to search for new genes. In the last decade, it has become known that autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant and X-linked mutations in a wide range of genes encoding proteins that are involved in the synthesis of type I collagen, its processing, secretion and post-translational modification, as well as in proteins that regulate the differentiation and activity of bone-forming cells cause OI. Mutations in the IFITM5 gene, also called BRIL (bone-restricted IFITM-like protein), involved in the formation of osteoblasts, lead to the development of OI type V. Up to 5% of patients have OI type V, which is characterized by the formation of a hyperplastic callus after fractures, calcification of the interosseous membrane of the forearm, and a mesh lamellar pattern observed during histological examination of the bone. In 2012, a heterozygous mutation (c.-14C> T) in the 5’-untranslated region (UTR) of the IFITM5 gene was identified as the main cause of OI type V. In the present work, the IFITM5 gene was analyzed and the de novo c.-14C> T mutation was identified in one patient with OI who was subsequently diagnosed with type V of the disease. Three known polymorphic variants were also identified: rs57285449; c.80G> C (p.Gly27Ala) and rs2293745; c.187-45C> T and rs755971385 c.279G> A (p.Thr93 =) and one previously undescribed variant: c.128G> A (p.Ser43Asn) AGC> AAC (S / D), which were not pathogenic. The article focuses on the features of the clinical manifestations of OI type V, and it is recommended to determine the c.-14C> T mutation in the IFITM5 gene if this form of the disease is suspected.


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