The dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic and formation of the postcovid period in Russia

The pandemic of the newly coronavirus infection COVID-19 was the test primarily for scientists, experts in epidemiology, infectiology and other fields of medicine participating in addressing the issues of organization and delivery of care, forming up the whole ideology of public health in new conditions. The lecture presents the complex analysis of development of the epidemiologic process, concerning a review of last epidemics, regional features, forecast and modelling approaches, the observers will be able to evaluate demographic, social and medical aspects of evolution. The emphasis is made on the consequences of the transferred infection that directly affect human health, a brief analysis of the clinical manifestations of post-covid syndrome and its expected impact on people, the functioning of all levels of health care, including rehabilitation. The key role of vaccination as the main method of population immunity, prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the development of severe and complicated forms of the disease, as well as domestic manufacturers and manufacturers of several safe and highly effective vaccines has been determined. The article is intended for a wide range of medical professionals, healthcare organizers, government officials and other interested parties.

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Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis: the Role of Histamine

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/s0962935194000220 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 171-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. Andersson ◽

L. Greiff ◽

C. Svensson

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Allergic Reaction ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Allergen Challenge ◽

Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis ◽

Full Spectrum ◽

First Line Therapy ◽

Wide Range ◽

Atopic Condition

Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis is the most common atopic condition encountered in clinical practice. Analysis of the pathogenesis of this condition permits identification of optimal therapeutic targets. The increased knowledge of the underlying pathophysiology suggests that multiple inflammatory mediators are involved in the pathogenesis of the allergic reaction in the ocular and nasal mucosa. However, despite the presence of a wide range of different mediators, it would appear that histamine plays a key role. Experimental allergen challenge studies have demonstrated that histamine is the only mediator which produces the full spectrum of clinical manifestations of the acute allergic reaction when applied to the mucosal surface. While both H1- and H2-receptors are present in the nasal and ocular mucosa, only H1-receptor antagonists are capable of inhibiting histamine-induced symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Furthermore, although the exact role of histamine in the immediate and prolonged allergic reaction has not yet been fully elucidated, these findings do not exclude the possibility that histamine is involved in these processes. The available evidence therefore supports current clinical practice for use of H1-receptor antagonist as a first-line therapy in patients with this atopic condition.

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Diagnosis and theraphy of urinary infections. What should always remember (clinical lecture). Part 1

Urologicheskie vedomosti ◽

10.17816/uroved7352-59 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 52-59

Author(s):

Vladimir V Borisov

Keyword(s):

Laboratory Data ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Diagnostic Features ◽

Important Place ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Urinary Infections ◽

Wide Range ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Clinical Lecture

The clinical lecture is devoted to the systematization of the knowledge of a wide range of physicians and urologists about the importance of the problem of uncomplicated urinary tract infections, their prevalence in our country and the world, the causes and frequency of occurrence in children and adults, diagnostic features based on clinical manifestations of the disease, laboratory data taking into account the formation of biofilms, the presence of sexually transmitted diseases. A special place is given to the problem of recurrences of cystitis due to the anatomical features of the female urethra, the need and the possibilities for their correction. An important place in the lecture is devoted to the role of general practitioners, district therapists, nephrologists, urologists, gynecologists in outpatient examination and treatment of these patients. (For citation: Borisov VV. Diagnosis and theraphy of urinary infections. What should always remember (clinical lecture). Part 1. Urologicheskie vedomosti. 2017;7(3):52-59. doi: 10.17816/uroved7352-59).

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Clinical Profile and Role of Septic Screen in Early Onset Sepsis in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Western Nepal - A Prospective Observational Study

Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/jucms.v8i1.29826 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 14-18

Author(s):

Binod Kumar Gupta ◽

Raju Kaphle ◽

Buby Philip Kurian ◽

Badri Kumar Gupta

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Distress ◽

Neonatal Sepsis ◽

Early Onset ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Early Onset Sepsis ◽

Wide Range

INTRODUCTION: Neonatal sepsis is an important cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity with wide range of clinical manifestations. This study was aimed to study the clinical characteristics of sepsis along with the role of septic screen for early diagnosis of septicemia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective observational hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted in 113 screen positive newborns over a 12-month period at Universal College of Medical Sciences, Teaching Hospital Bhairahawa, Nepal. RESULTS: Out of 489 cases admitted to the NICU during the study period, 113 babies with screen positive sepsis were included in the study. Poor feeding (46%, n=52), respiratory distress (38.9%, n=44) and lethargy (30.1%, n=34) were top three clinical presentations in neonates with sepsis followed by seizures, jaundice, vomiting, fever and hypothermia respectively. 57.5% (n=65) of clinical sepsis cases enrolled had culture positivity with staphylococcus aureus in 41.5% (n=27) and Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CONS) in 27.7% (n=18). Klebsiella was the third common organism isolated in blood culture (23.1%, n=15). The sensitivities and specificities of two-test and three-test combinations in proven sepsis was calculated. Two-test combinations showed sensitivities between 33-100% and specificities between 30-90% whereas three-test combinations showed the sensitivities and specificities between 60-100% and 20-90% respectively. CONCLUSION: Poor feeding, respiratory distress and lethargy were common presentations in early onset neonatal sepsis. Three-test combination of septic screen had no overall advantage over two-test combination in the present study.

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Human Parvoviruses May Affect the Development and Clinical Course of Meningitis and Meningoencephalitis

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci10060339 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 339

Author(s):

Anda Vilmane ◽

Anna Terentjeva ◽

Paulius L. Tamosiunas ◽

Normunds Suna ◽

Inga Suna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neurological Disorders ◽

Clinical Course ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Parvovirus B19 ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Human Parvovirus B19 ◽

Routine Diagnostics ◽

Wide Range ◽

Infection Markers

Meningitis and meningoencephalitis are neurological inflammatory diseases, and although routine diagnostics include testing of a wide range of pathogens, still in many cases, no causative agent is detected. Human parvovirus B19 (B19V), human bocaviruses 1–4 (HBoV1–4), and human parvovirus 4 (hPARV4) are members of the Parvoviridae family and are associated with a wide range of clinical manifestations including neurological disorders. The main aim of this study was to determine whether human parvoviruses infection markers are present among patients with meningitis/meningoencephalitis in Latvia as well as to clarify the role of these viruses on the clinical course of the mentioned diseases. Our study revealed HBoV1–4 and B19V genomic sequences in 52.38% and 16.67% of patients, respectively. Furthermore, symptoms such as the presence of a headache and its severity, fatigue, disorientation, and difficulties to concentrate were significantly frequently present in patients with active parvovirus infection in comparison with parvoviruses negative patients, therefore we suggest that HBoV1–4 and B19V infection should be included in the diagnostics to reduce the number of meningitis/meningoencephalitis with unknown/unexplained etiology.

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Endothelial Dysfunction, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress in COVID-19—Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2021/8671713 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Adriana Fodor ◽

Brandusa Tiperciuc ◽

Cezar Login ◽

Olga H. Orasan ◽

Andrada L. Lazar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Respiratory Failure ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Therapeutic Targets ◽

Lung Damage ◽

Wide Range ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

And Oxidative Stress

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic represents an ongoing healthcare emergency responsible for more than 3.4 million deaths worldwide. COVID-19 is the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus that targets not only the lungs but also the cardiovascular system. COVID-19 can manifest with a wide range of clinical manifestations, from mild symptoms to severe forms of the disease, characterized by respiratory failure due to severe alveolar damage. Several studies investigated the underlying mechanisms of the severe lung damage associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and revealed that the respiratory failure associated with COVID-19 is the consequence not only of acute respiratory distress syndrome but also of macro- and microvascular involvement. New observations show that COVID-19 is an endothelial disease, and the consequent endotheliopathy is responsible for inflammation, cytokine storm, oxidative stress, and coagulopathy. In this review, we show the central role of endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress in the COVID-19 pathogenesis and present the therapeutic targets deriving from this endotheliopathy.

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ROLE OF TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS IN CORONAVIRUS INFECTION AND IMMUNE RESPONSE

Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.18006/2020.8(spl-1-sars-cov-2).s66.s78 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (Spl-1-SARS-CoV-2) ◽

pp. S66-S78

Author(s):

Muhammad Sarfaraz Iqbal ◽

◽

Nimra Sardar ◽

Wajiha Akmal ◽

Rabia Sultan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adaptor Proteins ◽

Microbial Pathogens ◽

Natural Resistance ◽

Toll Like Receptors ◽

Wide Range ◽

Rapid Transmission ◽

A Cell ◽

Coronavirus Infection ◽

Novel Coronavirus

The emergence of a novel coronavirus referred to as SARS-CoV-2 has become a global health apprehension due to rapid transmission tendency, severity, and wide geographical spread. This emergence was started from Wuhan, China in 2019 from the zoonotic source and spread worldwide, infecting almost half of the community on this earth. Many of the receptors are involved in proceeding with this infection in the organism's body. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play essential and protective functions from a wide range of microbial pathogens. Small setup of TLR adaptor proteins leads to activate nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) and interferon-regulatory factor (IRF). Consequently, various advanced inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and interferon reaction properties can be up-regulated. Similarly, TLR flagging works on autophagy in macrophages. Autophagy is a cell response to starvation that helps to eliminate damaged cytosol organelles and persistent proteins. It is also able to prevent the replication of intracellular pathogens. Several microbes subvert the autophagy pathways to sustain their viability. This review investigates how TLRs can modulate a macrophagic system and analyze the role of natural resistance autophagy.

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Medical rehabilitation strategies in complex assistance of people with COVID-19. Literature review

Public Health, Economy and Management in Medicine ◽

10.52556/2587-3873.2021.4(91).16-22 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 16-22

Author(s):

Alisa Tabirta ◽

◽

Marina Bulai ◽

Victoria Chihai ◽

Svetlana Plesca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Rehabilitation Program ◽

Medical Rehabilitation ◽

Pubmed Central ◽

Functional Deficits ◽

Postural Drainage ◽

Wide Range ◽

Recovery Treatment ◽

Coronavirus Infection ◽

Reflex Therapy

Covid-19 infection is a challenge for the medical system. The development of programs and strategies for the rehabilitation of people in different stages of the disease is relevant and current. The study is a bibliographic synthesis that aimed to analyze the methods and strategies of medical rehabilitation of patients with the new “coronavirus infection”. Data were collected from the academic databases PubMed, PubMed Central, Google, collecting relevant articles from 2019-2021, using the keywords: [“Covid-19” or “Covid 19” or “2019- CoV” or “SARS- CoV” or“ new coronavirus” or “SARS-CoV-2”] and [“rehabilitation ”or“ physical medicine”]. Th e aim of the study was to estimate the consequences of COVID-19 and to identify methods of recovery treatment. Because Covid-19 severely affects the respiratory system, pulmonary rehabilitation interventions with respiratory techniques and postural drainage combined with other physiotherapeutic methods may be used for a patient with COVID-19. The wide range of clinical manifestations in COVID-19 reveals the importance of adapting the rehabilitation program to functional deficits and patient needs. Multifactorial programs combined with active and supportive methods (physical therapy, exercise, occupational therapy, reflex therapy) are effective and can be used in the complex care of patients with COVID-19 at all stages of treatment.

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Familial Pfeiffer Syndrome: Variable Manifestations and Role of Multidisciplinary Team Care

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1177/10556656211028505 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 105566562110285

Author(s):

Sarut Chaisrisawadisuk ◽

Mark H Moore

Keyword(s):

Autosomal Dominant ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Type I ◽

Syndrome Type ◽

Team Care ◽

Pfeiffer Syndrome ◽

Wide Range ◽

Craniofacial Syndromes ◽

Broad Thumbs

Pfeiffer syndrome is one of the autosomal dominant craniofacial syndromes. Classical clinical manifestations are coronal suture synostosis causing brachycephaly, midface retrusion, airway compromise, broad thumbs, and toes. Pfeiffer syndrome type I (classic type) is associated with FGFR1 mutation. However, wide range of clinical manifestations, with and without craniosynostosis, have been reported. Here, we present a family of Pfeiffer syndrome across 3 generations with identical FGFR1: c.755C>G (p.Pro252Arg) mutation. Where the members of the youngest generation have no cranial involvement. Lastly, we propose a guideline management for familial Pfeiffer syndrome management.

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Hemiplegic Migraine Associated With PRRT2 Mutations: A Clinical and Genetic Study

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.0000000000012947 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012947

Author(s):

Florence Riant ◽

Caroline Roos ◽

Agathe Roubertie ◽

Cécile Barbance ◽

Jessica Hadjadj ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Learning Disabilities ◽

Dominant Gene ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Familial Hemiplegic Migraine ◽

Loss Of Function ◽

Hemiplegic Migraine ◽

Pathogenic Variants ◽

Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia ◽

Wide Range

Background and objective:PRRT2 variants have been reported in a few cases of patients with hemiplegic migraine. To clarify the role of PRRT2 in familial hemiplegic migraine, we studied this gene in a large cohort of affected probands.Methods:PRRT2 was analyzed in 860 probands with hemiplegic migraine and PRRT2 mutations were identified in 30 probands. Genotyping of relatives identified a total of 49 persons with mutations whose clinical manifestations were detailed.Results:PRRT2 mutations were found in 12 of 163 probands previously tested negative for CACNA1A, ATP1A2 and SCN1A mutations, and in 18 of 697 consecutive probands screened simultaneously on the four genes. In this second group, pathogenic variants were found in 105 subjects, mostly in ATP1A2 (42%), followed by CACNA1A (26%), PRRT2 (17%) and SCN1A (15%). The PRRT2 mutations included seven distinct variants, five of which already described in persons with paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia, and two new variants. Eight probands had a deletion of the whole PRRT2 gene.Among the 49 PRRT2 mutated patients, 26 had pure hemiplegic migraine, 16 had hemiplegic migraine associated with another manifestation: epilepsy (8), learning disabilities (5), hypersomnia (4) or abnormal movement (3). Three patients had epilepsy without migraine, two had paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia without migraine, and one was asymptomatic.Conclusion:PRRT2 should be regarded as the fourth autosomal dominant gene for hemiplegic migraine, and screened in any affected patient, together with the three other main genes. Further studies are needed to understand how the same loss of function PRRT2 mutations can lead to a wide range of neurologic phenotypes including paroxysmal movement disorder, epilepsy, learning disabilities, sleep disorder and hemiplegic migraine.

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Quantitative Assessment of Heteroplasmy of Mitochondrial Genome: Perspectives in Diagnostics and Methodological Pitfalls

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/292017 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Igor A. Sobenin ◽

Konstantin Y. Mitrofanov ◽

Andrey V. Zhelankin ◽

Margarita A. Sazonova ◽

Anton Y. Postnov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Genome ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Threshold Level ◽

Mtdna Mutation ◽

Mitochondrial Mutations ◽

Organellar Genome ◽

Wide Range ◽

Comprehensive Comparison ◽

A Cell

The role of alterations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the development of human pathologies is not understood well. Most of mitochondrial mutations are characterized by the phenomenon of heteroplasmy which is defined as the presence of a mixture of more than one type of an organellar genome within a cell or tissue. The level of heteroplasmy varies in wide range, and the expression of disease is dependent on the percent of alleles bearing mutations, thus allowing consumption that an upper threshold level may exist beyond which the mitochondrial function collapses. Recent findings have demonstrated that some mtDNA heteroplasmic mutations are associated with widely spread chronic diseases, including atherosclerosis and cancer. Actually, each etiological mtDNA mutation has its own heteroplasmy threshold that needs to be measured. Therefore, quantitative evaluation of a mutant allele of mitochondrial genome is an obvious methodological challenge, since it may be a keystone for diagnostics of individual genetic predisposition to the disease. This review provides a comprehensive comparison of methods applicable to the measurement of heteroplasmy level of mitochondrial mutations associated with the development of pathology, in particular, in atherosclerosis and its clinical manifestations.

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