scholarly journals THE VALUE OF EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS IN THE FORMATION OF THE PERSONNEL OF THE JUDICIAL INSTITUTIONS OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY

2021 ◽  
pp. 140-144
Author(s):  
N.G. Tarakanova ◽  
F.Sh. Yambushev ◽  
T.Y. Pyatkina
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Judicial Reform ◽  
Educational Models ◽  
Educational Qualification ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
Legal Thinking ◽  
Democratic Principles ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
First Time

One of the most important provisions of the Judicial Statutes of the Russian Empire of 1864 should be recognized as the introduction of a professional educational qualification for judges of general courts, judicial investigators,prosecutors and jurors. The new educational criterion had a deeper meaning than just an element of the reformers ' personnel strategy. It allowed not only to raise the professional level of judicial officials, but also ensured the implementation of democratic principles of judicial reform, such as transparency, adversarial, oral, as well as became an incentive for the development of legal science and education, contributed to the elimination of the vices of the old judicial system. The professional educational qualification has significantly influenced the entire system of training legal personnel, led to the search for new educational models that would allow an optimal combination of obtaining theoretical knowledge that forms legal thinking and practical skills necessary for working in new judicial institutions. For the first time, the way was opened for a critical understanding of the current Russian legislation.

scholarly journals Zarudny Sergiy Ivanovych (1821-1887) - Ukrainian and Russian lawyer, statesman of the Russian Empire

10.33287/1194 ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 36-49
Author(s):  
І. С. Міронова
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Work ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Judicial Reform ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Democratic Principles ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century

The article is devoted to the way of life of a famous statesman of the Russian Empire, a Ukrainian of descent, a lawyer, one of the main founders of the court reform and a leader of peasant reforms of the second half of the XIX century, an interpreter, secret counselor Serhiy Ivanovych Zarudnyy. His origin, pedigree, civil service in the Ministry of Justice, in the State Chancellery, in the State Council, as a senator was studied. Attention was paid to his work in the commissions for the preparation of judicial reform, the development of the «Basic Provisions for the Transformation of the Judiciary in Russia» and the Judicial Statutes, which were approved in 1864. His role was proved in the creation of the world justice system, in the introduction of jury and the institute of attorneys in the Russian judicial system, in approving the principles of publicity, immediacy, and adversarial proceedings. Considerable attention is focused on the role of the statesman in the development of reform projects on the elimination of serfdom 1861. A special place is dedicated to the scientific work of S. Zarudnyy, in particular to his monographs, articles, a collection of materials on judicial reform entitled «The Case Зарудний of the Transformation of the Judiciary in Russia», organized in 74 volumes. It was noted that for his juridical and scientific work, contemporaries and biographers of S. Zarudnyy called him «the luminary of our judicial world», «leading figure of judicial reform», «father» and «soul» of the case of concluding judicial charters. The article substantiates the conclusion that S. Zarudnyy laid down the democratic principles of the judicial system and legal proceedings in the Russian Empire with his activities.

Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and Unification of Germany in 1871

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6 (104)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Khorosheva
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Economic Dependence ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
First Time ◽  
Grand Duchy

Based on published sources, as well as documents from the Archive of the Foreign policy of the Russian Empire, introduced into scientific use for the first time, the article relates the place of Grand Duchy of Luxembourg during the Unification of Germany. The author analyses the attitude of European states — Prussia, France, Belgium and especially the attention of Russia — toward Luxembourg during the crises of 1867 and after the neutralization of Grand Duchy. Studying German policy over the XIX century in regard to Luxembourg, the author comes to the conclusion that economic dependence from Germany determined future foreign orientation of Grand Duchy.

scholarly journals FRIEDRICH BRAUELL: LIFE AND RESEARCH

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-142
Author(s):  
M. V. Trushin
Keyword(s):  
Main Part ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Veterinary Science ◽  
Academic Degree ◽  
History Of ◽  
Veterinary School ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
First Time ◽  
Russian Medical

The article, written on the basis of data from the Russian and European archives, is the most complete biography of the famous figure of the Russian medical and veterinary science of the middle of the XIX century Friedrich Brauell, one of the pioneers of anthrax research. The article describes in detail the period of formation of F. Brauell as a scientist – his education received in Germany, visit to the Russian Empire for service, confirmation of academic degree received at homeland. His first steps in the field of teaching and science at Kazan University are discussed in details, his efforts to create a collection of anatomical preparations are described. The main part of the article is devoted to his work in Derpat (Tartu) Veterinary School, where he fully revealed his talent as a major organizer of scientific and educational activities. Particular attention is paid to its study of the problem of anthrax and plague. In addition, the article deals with the issues of his personal life and family for the first time. Thus, the material contained in the article can be useful for scientists studying the history of medicine, infectious diseases and veterinary medicine.

History of the state and law of Russia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Smykalin ◽  
Tat'yana Bazhenova ◽  
Natal'ya Zipunnikova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Judicial Reform ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century

The second part of the anthology contains legal acts published in the XIX century: extracts from the Code of laws of the Russian Empire, acts of peasant, judicial reform, University Charter, provisions of the 80-90-ies of the XIX century and other materials. The documents are arranged in chronological order.

scholarly journals CASSATION PROCEEDINGS UNDER THE DRAFT STATUTE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE OF 1863

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
Alexey Kovalchuk
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Civil Procedure ◽  
Judicial Reform ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Draft Statute ◽  
History Of ◽  
Subsequent Elimination ◽  
Judicial Errors ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
First Time

Introduction. The creation of a system of cassation courts of general jurisdiction organized on an extraterritorial basis and other significant changes in modern cassation proceedings quite obviously mediate a new wave of scientific interest in the history of the development of a system for verifying judicial acts in the domestic tradition of civil procedure. In this regard, the experience in carrying out the Judicial Reform of 1864, in particular, enforcement of the Statute of Civil Procedure regularized the cassation institution for the first time, became relevant. At the same time, despite the fact that many modern scientific works are devoted to the study of the Statute of Civil Procedure of 1864 itself (including possibilities for appealing court decisions provided for thereby), the studies of foregoing drafts also stay relevant. The draft of 1863 is one such example. This article is devoted to the analysis of this draft in accordance with the declared topic. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to describe the draft Statute of Civil Procedure of 1863 in the context of its provisions defining the content of cassation institution. Methods. In the framework of the study, mainly historical-legal and comparative-legal methods were used. Results. The significance of the draft Statute of Civil Procedure of 1863, in the context of establishment and development of cassation institution in the civil procedure of the Russian Empire, was manifested, first of all, in a sufficiently clear consolidation in it of the very grounds for cassation of decisions. Its definitions are very similar to its provisions have been already consolidated in the Statute of Civil Procedure of 1864. At the same time, existing in that period distinction between terms “cassation” and “revision” promoted the consolidation of two basic tasks of cassation proceedings in the provisions of the Statute of Civil Procedure of 1863: verifying of the final decisions for judicial errors with the purpose of their subsequent elimination and ensuring uniform application and interpretation of the law. Conclusion. The draft Statute of Civil Procedure of 1863, having incorporated the ideas of many subsequent legislative works into itself, became some sort of provisional result of development of the necessity of cassation court in the Russian Empire of the 1800s – 1860s. At the same time, of course, the work on drafting the Statute of Civil Procedure did not end there, wherefore the draft was actively discussed and improved, and its main provisions regarding the regulation of the cassation proceedings formed the basis of the Statute of November 20, 1864.

scholarly journals THE CASE OF THE COUNTERFEITER ADAM BOGUSZ (1868‒1870)

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-152
Author(s):  
Andrii Boiko-Haharin
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Original Language ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
High Degree ◽  
First Time

Summary. The purpose of the research is to introduce into the scientific circulation the history of the activity of the counterfeiter Adam Bogusz, who played a significant role in the financial sabotage of the British against Russian Empire during the second half of the XIX century. The research methodology is defined by a set of general scientific methods, citations of the archival materials are given in the original language. The scientific novelty is that for the first time the main stages and the result of the activity of the counterfeiter Adam Bogusz are fully covered. Conclusion. In the first quarter of the XIX century the increase of the number of detected counterfeit credit notes brought to the Russian Empire from Kingdom of Great Britain has seriously alarmed the authorities. The investigation has gradually gained a national level of importance. In the 1820s, the Russian authorities resorted to careful tracking of all Jews who went through the Kingdom of Poland and could potentially carrycounterfeit credit notes for spending them in Russia. Attempts to transport so-called "English" counterfeiting in Poland were also recorded across the border with Prussia, the appearance of such citizens with a high degree of authority and trust them fake Prussian documents. In October 28, 1868 the Governor of Warsaw received the report from the Chief of the Radzewski County on available credible records of a salesman who fabricated in London as early as 1864 fake ten Russian ruble credit notes by a Polish-born owner of an estate in Olganowo, Włocław County of Warsaw – Adam Bogusz, who was selling them in the Prussian province – the Grand Duchy of Poznan to the sheep traders. On January 11, 1870, the Warsaw Penitentiary Court sentenced the seller of the counterfeit banknotes – Adam Bogusz – to deprivation of all rights and freedoms and exile to Siberia for six years of hard labor. But he was not the only one whose case was notorious for investigating a financial subversive activity from London.

The origins of developing private civil cartography in Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 948 (6) ◽  
pp. 54-64
Author(s):  
M.Yu. Orlov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Structure ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time ◽  
Privately Owned ◽  
Technical Revolution

In the middle of the XIX century in Russia there wasa boom of commercial or civil cartography. The author describes the reasons as well as the background for such a strong growth. The influence of the general political and economic situation in the Russian Empire on the appearance of the first privately-owned publishers of maps was considered in detail. The Depot of maps established in 1797 by Paul I, later (1812) rearranged into the Military Topographical Depot, monopolized all cartographic activities in Russia. The require for cartographic products among the civilian population, as well as the scarcity of funding from the treasury of issuing maps, forced the Military Topographical Depot to sell part of its products and prepare not only topographic maps, but also training maps and atlases for release. The author considers the publication of an open catalog of maps and atlases by the military department in 1858, which had a strong influence on the development of the cartographic market in details. For the first time, the expenditures and revenues from the publication of maps and atlases were shown; the dynamics of increasing sales and their dependence on changes in the political and economic structure of Russia are studied. The technical revolution in printing at the beginning of the 19th century, the emergence of lithography and new printing machines made it possible to increase the circulation of maps and reduced their cost. The inability of the military to meet the demand for maps and atlases was used by the first entrepreneurs who were the founders of civilian cartography. The causes of appearing private cartographic institutions are discussed.

scholarly journals Trade police of the Russian empire of the XIX century: from the experience of ensuring economic security

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Pavel Sobornov
Keyword(s):  
Urban Economy ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Personnel Policy ◽  
Special Unit ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
First Time

The article considers the experience of the operation of the commercial police of the Russian Empire during the reign of Emperor Nicholas I. On the basis of departmental documents of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire of 1840s, the author analyzed the problem of functioning of a special unit of the Russian police in St. Petersburg - the Commercial Police, which has not yet been the subject of independent scientific research. The study of the commercial police, as well as the process of ensuring economic security by this specialized police body, allows to overcome a variety of attempts of tactical criticism of the Nicholas era itself, studied in the domestic historiography tendency through the lensof the idea of the growth of crisis phenomena feudally – erfdom statehood of Russia. As a result of the study of the trade police, the author concluded that among the state reforms of the Nicholas era in Russia, which were assessed negatively, the organization of the Trade Police became a successful reform 1840-s. The Trade Police Organization allowed for the first time to abandon the foundations of the personnel policy, which was of a «pro-noble» character nature and to formulate the idea of an all-based principle of organizing the Russian police, which began to be implemented only in the 1860s and 1870s. Of particular importance in the article is the consideration of the experience of the Trade Police through the development of the pre-reform city and urban economy, which contributed to the formation of the functions of the Trade Police.

scholarly journals Name index of the Crimean Tatar officials of Tavricheskaya province (first half of the XIX century)

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-31
Author(s):  
Alexandr S. Kravchuk ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Service ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Background Information ◽  
End To End ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
First Time ◽  
Crimean Tatar

In the article, for the first time, was restored the list of the Crimean Tatars who served in the civil service of the Taurida governorate in the first half of the XIX century. The reconstruction was carried out on the basis of «end-to-end» analysis of Address-Calendars and Mesyatseslovs of the Russian Empire. This information can serve as a background information for further research concerning the participation of the Crimean Tatars in the civil service. The facts, presented in the article, also expand understanding of the interaction ways of Russian administration in Taurida with representatives of the old-time population. In addition, the information given in the article, will help to restore previously unknown plages from the life of selected outstanding public and state leaders of the Crimean Tatars.

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