The Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Among Elementary School Children: The Effect of Certain Demographic Variables

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-90
Author(s):  
Tagreed Ameen Zagzoog ◽  
Rehab Mohammed Samy Elshazly ◽  
Mohammad Sayed Said Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Grade Level ◽  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Jeddah City ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Dsm V ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Teacher's Knowledge ◽  
Item Scale

The study aimed to determine the prevalence of ADHD symptoms in Saudi children aged 6 to 13 years in Jeddah city. The study also explored the effect of variables namely teacher's knowledge, years of experience and teachers' gender on reported ADHD symptoms among primary grade students. A questionnaire survey methodology was adopted for the study. 550 children were included in the teachers' survey. Teachers assessed the ADHD symptoms in children using an 18-item scale based on DSM-V. The results indicated that the prevalence rates of ADHD among school-age differed according to ADHD subtypes. The Inattention type was rated by 35.34%, Hyperactivity/Impulsivity type was rated by 28.60%, and ADHD-C type was rated by 21.3% of the respondents. According to gender, for the Inattention subtype, the ratio between boys and girls was 1.7:1, for the Hyperactivity/Impulsivity subtype, the ratio between boys and girls was 2.03:1, and for combined subtype, the ratio between boys and girls was 2.2:1. According to the grade level, the highest prevalence of ADHD overall was found in grade three and the lowest prevalence was in grade six in all ADHD types. The present findings indicated that teachers' knowledge and gender (female) successfully predicted teacher-rated ADHD status.

ADHD symptoms and peer relations of children in a community sample: Examining associated problems, self-perceptions, and gender differences

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 388-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Diamantopoulou ◽  
Lisbeth Henricsson ◽  
Ann-Margret Rydell
Keyword(s):  
Peer Relations ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Peer Nominations ◽  
Internalising Problems ◽  
The Impact

This study examined children's peer relations in relation to gender, symptoms of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), associated behaviour problems, prosociality, and self-perceptions, in a community sample. Six hundred and thirty-five 12-year-old children (314 girls) provided peer nominations and rated feelings of loneliness and self-perceptions regarding global self-worth and behavioural conduct. We obtained teacher ratings of ADHD symptoms, conduct and internalising problems, and prosociality. ADHD symptoms, conduct problems, internalising problems, and low levels of prosociality were all related to higher levels of peer dislike. Despite ADHD symptoms being related to more peer dislike, children with high levels of ADHD symptoms did not report more feelings of loneliness. The self-perceptions of children with high levels of ADHD were not related to peer dislike. Although high levels of ADHD symptoms were not related to peer dislike in girls, peers tolerated higher levels of ADHD symptoms among boys than among girls, providing support for the “gender appropriateness hypothesis” regarding the impact and influence of ADHD symptomatology upon the peer relations of children within a community sample.

scholarly journals The Strives, Struggles, and Successes of Women Diagnosed With ADHD as Adults

SAGE Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824401770179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mira Elise Glaser Holthe ◽  
Eva Langvik
Keyword(s):  
Gender Norms ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Women’S Experiences ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Negative Judgment ◽  
Women's Experiences ◽  
The Media ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific

The objective of the study was to aid an understanding of women’s experiences of living with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with special consideration of the role of stigma and gender-specific issues. Semistructured in-depth interviews were conducted with five women aged 32 to 50 years, all diagnosed with ADHD as adults. The interviews were analyzed in accordance with thematic analysis. The data analyses were centered around five core themes: (a) from unidentified childhood ADHD to adult diagnosis, (b) present main symptoms and challenges, (c) conflict between ADHD symptoms and gender norms and expectations, (d) stigma of ADHD: “People think it’s a fake disease,” and (e) managing ADHD symptoms and identifying strengths. Despite their difficulties, all participants are highly educated and employed, and differ from common portrayals of individuals with ADHD as observably hyperactive, disruptive, or globally impaired. The participants are reluctant about disclosure of their diagnosis, due to fear of negative judgment and lack of understanding from others. The findings highlight the importance of recognizing and targeting ADHD as a serious disorder that yields continuing, and even increasing, impairment in multiple areas into adulthood. Gender-specific issues of ADHD need to be examined further, particularly challenges associated with motherhood. Stigma and the conflict between ADHD symptoms and gender norms complicate women’s experiences of living with ADHD, and should be essential areas of focus in research, educational settings, and the media.

scholarly journals Is a Virtual Reality Test Able to Predict Current and Retrospective ADHD Symptoms in Adulthood and Adolescence?

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora Areces ◽  
Trinidad García ◽  
Marisol Cueli ◽  
Celestino Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Impulsive Behavior ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Commission Errors ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Omission Errors ◽  
Patient Performance

Despite the persistence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) into adulthood and adolescence, there are few objective, reliable instruments (based on patient performance) that have been shown to be able to predict current and retrospective ADHD symptoms. The present study aimed to explore whether a validated VR test called Nesplora Aquarium is able to predict ADHD symptoms in adults and adolescents, based on both current and retrospective self-reports. A non-clinical sample of 156 adults and adolescents (70 women and 86 men) between 16 and 54 years of age (M = 21.23, SD = 8.04) took part in the study. Virtual reality (VR) variables such as the number of correct answers, omission and commission errors, among others, were used to predict current and retrospective self-reported symptoms of ADHD using multiple regression models. Correct answers and omission errors in the VR test significantly predicted both current and retrospective ADHD symptoms. However, only the number of perseveration errors and gender were able to significantly predict retrospective ADHD symptoms. These findings suggest that inattention problems tend to remain after adolescence, while perseveration errors (which have been related to impulsive behavior) and gender differences tend to diminish.

Dimensions of physical activity as related to child attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and impairment

2021 ◽  
pp. 135910452110583
Author(s):  
Katrina Aranas ◽  
Jacqueline P Leighton
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Parental Expectations ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Behaviour Management ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments

In efforts to explore adjunct/alternative treatments for ADHD, this study investigated the associations between dimensions of physical activity (PA) and children’s ADHD symptoms and impairment. Current evidence-based treatments include medication and behaviour management, but there is widespread consensus that more treatment options are desirable. Although there is increasing support for PA as an adjunct/alternative to existing treatment for ADHD, the interplay of specific dimensions of PA has not been studied. Fifty-one parents of children aged 6–12 years with ADHD filled out questionnaires. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that only some dimensions of PA explained a statistically significant portion of the variance in ADHD symptoms, beyond that explained by typical demographic variables. PA dimensions did not account for a statistically significant portion of ADHD impairment. Refining the measurement of how long children have engaged in PA is a key step in generating evidence for PA as an adjunct or alternate treatment for ADHD, and developing guidelines to manage parental expectations for this treatment in the benefit of their children.

scholarly journals Parent-Teacher Concordance for DSM V Diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in a Community Based Sample in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
Oluwasola Julius Oke ◽  
Saheed Babajide Oseni ◽  
Ebunoluwa Aderonke Adejuyigbe ◽  
Samuel Kolawole Mosaku ◽  
Samuel Kolawole Mosaku
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Adhd Diagnosis ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Good Parent ◽  
Dsm V

Objective: To examine concordance between parent and teacher DBDRS in diagnosing ADHD among pupils in Ile Ife, Nigeria.Method: This study was carried out among 1385 children aged 5-12 years. Parents and teachers of the pupils were asked to complete the DBDRS checklist and children diagnosed for ADHD and their parents were interviewed for the symptoms and impaired function. Parent-teacher concordance of ADHD symptoms was evaluated.Results: Agreement between parents and teachers DBDRS was found to be good for ADHD diagnosis and its subtypes (r = 0.525, p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between parents’ and teachers’ DBDRS in ADHD diagnosis: Inattention, r = 0.522, p < 0.001, hyperactivity, r = 0.572, p < 0.001, Combined, r = 0.569, p < 0.001.Conclusions: The good parent-teacher agreement implies that ADHD symptoms were noted appreciably by both parents and teachers in different settings with little bias.

Basic numerical processing, calculation, and working memory in children with dyscalculia and/or ADHD symptoms

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 365-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg-Tobias Kuhn ◽  
Elena Ise ◽  
Julia Raddatz ◽  
Christin Schwenk ◽  
Christian Dobel
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Cognitive Profiles ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Numerical Processing ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Neurocognitive Measures

Abstract. Objective: Deficits in basic numerical skills, calculation, and working memory have been found in children with developmental dyscalculia (DD) as well as children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This paper investigates cognitive profiles of children with DD and/or ADHD symptoms (AS) in a double dissociation design to obtain a better understanding of the comorbidity of DD and ADHD. Method: Children with DD-only (N = 33), AS-only (N = 16), comorbid DD+AS (N = 20), and typically developing controls (TD, N = 40) were assessed on measures of basic numerical processing, calculation, working memory, processing speed, and neurocognitive measures of attention. Results: Children with DD (DD, DD+AS) showed deficits in all basic numerical skills, calculation, working memory, and sustained attention. Children with AS (AS, DD+AS) displayed more selective difficulties in dot enumeration, subtraction, verbal working memory, and processing speed. Also, they generally performed more poorly in neurocognitive measures of attention, especially alertness. Children with DD+AS mostly showed an additive combination of the deficits associated with DD-only and A_Sonly, except for subtraction tasks, in which they were less impaired than expected. Conclusions: DD and AS appear to be related to largely distinct patterns of cognitive deficits, which are present in combination in children with DD+AS.


Epilepsi dan Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) pada Anak

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Riki Sukiandra
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Seizure Threshold ◽  
Childhood Epilepsy ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Neurologic Disturbance ◽  
Inattentive Type ◽  
Child Age

Attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with childhood epilepsy. Epilepsy are themost common neurologic disturbance in child age. Children with epilepsy tend to get one or more ADHD symptoms,its related to lack of norepinephrine neurotransmitter in brain, that cause attenuate the effect of GABA and disruptionto fronto-striatal brain networks, these same brain networks are disrupted by seizures or the structural brainabnormalities that can cause seizures. Children with epilepsy especially absance, tend to get inattentive type ofADHD more than other types. Abnormalities of electro-encephalography found in inattentive type of ADHD withhigh focus activities in all lobe area. No data published that methylphenidate can lower seizure threshold or act asproconvulsant. Children with epilepsy tend to get one or more symptoms of ADHD in the following days.

The Impact of Copper in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-283
Author(s):  
Mihail Silviu Tudosie ◽  
Elena Truta ◽  
Ana Maria Davitoiu ◽  
Luminita Stanciulescu ◽  
George Jinescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Copper Concentration ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Health State ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Impact

During one year (september 2013 � september 2014), 50 children from the residential institution for children SOS Satele Copiilor Bucharest, where included in our research. The children were distributed in two groups: Group A which consisted of 25 children (12 girls, 13 boys) who were not diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Group B which consisted of 25 children (14 boys, 11 girls) who were diagnosed with ADHD. Initially, the two groups were subjected at a psycho-diagnostic battery of tests, one of them being the Evaluating the Health State of children with ADHD questionnaire elaborated by us, particularly for this research, with the purpose of highlighting the direct link between the children health state and their ADHD symptoms. This study sought to determine the concentration of copper in urine samples from a group of children with ADHD and a group of normal children, to highlight the role of copper in the development of ADHD symptoms. Levels of copper concentration in urine samples from the two groups were processed by Student�s t-Test. Statistical analysis showed that the arithmetic averages of copper concentration in urine samples, of the two groups do not differ significantly, so copper may be causing ADHD symptoms occur. The copper content in urine samples has been determined using atomic absorption spectrometry with graphite furnace.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Autism Spectrum Disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 158-176
Author(s):  
Karen Bearss ◽  
Aaron J. Kaat
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Delayed Recognition

This chapter will review the available evidence on individuals with co-occurring diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This chapter contends that children diagnosed with both disorders (ASD+ADHD) are a subset of the ASD population that is at risk for delayed recognition of their ASD diagnosis, poor treatment response, and poorer functional outcomes compared to those with ASD without ADHD. Specifically, the chapter highlights the best estimates of the prevalence of the comorbidity, the developmental trajectory of people with co-occurring ASD and ADHD, how ADHD symptoms change across development, overlapping genetic and neurobiological risk factors, psychometrics of ADHD diagnostic instruments in an ASD population, neuropsychological and functional impairments associated with co-occurring ASD and ADHD, and the current state of evidence-based treatment for both ASD and ADHD symptoms. Finally, the chapter discusses fruitful avenues of research for improving understanding of this high-risk comorbidity so that mechanism-to-treatment pathways for ADHD in children with ASD can be better developed.

Neurofeedback Training Protocol Based on Selecting Distinctive Features to Treat or Reduce ADHD Symptoms

2021 ◽  
pp. 155005942110334
Author(s):  
Parham Jalali ◽  
Nasrin Sho’ouri
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Distinguishing Features ◽  
Band Activity ◽  
Training Protocol

Resent research has shown that electroencephalography (EEG) theta/beta ratio (TBR) in cases with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has thus far been reported lower than that in healthy individuals. Accordingly, utilizing EEG-TBR as a biomarker to diagnose ADHD has been called into question. Besides, employing known protocol to reduce EEG-TBR in the vertex (Cz) channel to treat ADHD via neurofeedback (NFB) has been doubted. The present study was to propose a new NFB treatment protocol to manage ADHD using EEG signals from 30 healthy controls and 30 children with ADHD through an attention-based task and to calculate relative power in their different frequency bands. Then, the most significant distinguishing features of EEG signals from both groups were determined via a genetic algorithm (GA). The results revealed that EEG-TBR values in children with ADHD were lower compared with those in healthy peers; however, such a difference was not statistically significant. Likewise, inhibiting alpha band activity and enhancing delta one in F7 or T5 channels was proposed as a new NFB treatment protocol for ADHD. No significant increase in EEG-TBR in the Cz channel among children with ADHD casts doubt on the effectiveness of using EEG-TBR inhibitory protocols in the Cz channel. Consequently, it was proposed to apply the new protocol along with reinforced beta-band activity to treat or reduce ADHD symptoms.

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