Standards of freshness and shelf life of food grain of wheat

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
Людмила Витальевна Ванина ◽  
Артём Валерьевич Яицких ◽  
Ольга Владимировна Волкова ◽  
Дмитрий Сергеевич Степаненко
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Food Grains ◽  
Food Grain ◽  
The Relationship

Приведены результаты изменения показателя кислотного числа жира (КЧЖ) продовольственного зерна пшеницы урожаев 2015 и 2018 гг. при длительном лабораторном хранении в условиях пониженных (+10 °С), умеренных (+20 °С), повышенных (+30 °С) температур и стандартной влажности для зерна пшеницы (не выше 14 %). Доказана возможность использования этого показателя для установления сроков безопасного хранения и годности зерна. Для определения норм свежести и годности продовольственного зерна пшеницы по нормам значения КЧЖ, разработанным ранее для пшеничной муки, были отобраны 35 проб зерна пшеницы с широким диапазоном значений КЧЖ и произведены лабораторные помолы муки высшего сорта. Установлена взаимосвязь показателя КЧЖ муки после созревания от показателя КЧЖ исходного зерна. По результатам статистической обработки полученной зависимости авторам удалось определить нормы свежести и годности продовольственного зерна пшеницы, которые составили 29 мг КОН на 1 г жира и 50 мг КОН на 1 г жира соответственно. The results of changes in the indicator of the acid number of fat (FAV) of food grain of wheat of the harvests of 2015 and 2018 are presented during long-term laboratory storage under conditions of low (+10 °C), moderate (+20 °C), high (+30 °C) temperatures and standard humidity for wheat grain (not higher than 14 %). The possibility of using this indicator has been proven to establish the terms of safe storage and shelf life of grain. To determine the norm of freshness and shelf life of food grains of wheat according to the norms of the FAV value developed earlier for wheat flour, 35 samples of wheat grains with the FAV values of 9.1 to 53.4 mg KOH per 1 g of fat were taken and laboratory grinding of the premium flour was made. The relationship between the FAV index of flour after ripening and the FAV index of the original grain has been established. Based on the results of statistical processing of this relationship, the authors were able to determine the norms of freshness and shelf life of food grain of wheat, which amounted to 29 mg KOH per 1 g of fat and 50 mg KOH per 1 g of fat, respectively.

Changes in biochemical and physicochemical indicators of food grain of wheat during long-term laboratory storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
L.G. Priezzheva ◽  
◽  
V.F. Sorochinskiy ◽  
I.A. Vereznikova ◽  
A.I. Koval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipase Activity ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
Chemical Quality ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Food Grain

The results of changes in the biochemical and physico-chemical quality indicators of food grain of wheat crops in 2015 and 2018 are presented during long-term laboratory storage at elevated (+ 30°C), moderate (+ 20°C), and low (+ 10°C) temperatures at standard humidity for wheat grain (no higher than 14%). We found that food storage of wheat grain impacted at different temperatures for 19 months leads to a natural increase in the acid number of the fat (ANF) at different initial values, which indicates the preservation of lipase activity and the possibility of using this indicator to establish the terms of safe storage and shelf life.

scholarly journals The influence of environment forming factors on the productivity of winter wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 207 (04) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Valeriy Burluckiy ◽  
Polina Semeshkina ◽  
Vladimir Mazurov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
First Year ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Close Relationship

Abstract. The goal is to study the influence of the predecessor and fertilizers on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain. Methods. The studies were carried out in a long-term stationary field experiment on a gray forest medium loamy soil. Field experience, observations, accounting and generalization of research results were carried out in accordance with the methodological recommendations of B.A. Dospekhov. Statistical processing of the research results was performed using Microsoft Excel 2007 with a 95 % significance level of the results. Results. As a result of the studies, it was noted that the studied predecessors had an insignificant effect on the development of winter wheat plants in the initial phases of growth. The density of winter wheat plants during the germination period varied within the range of 314–323 psc/m2 without the use of fertilizers and 317–328 psc/m2 against the background of their application. Further growth and development of plants took place in close relationship with the studied factors. At the end of the growing season, the number of productive stems was higher on the plots, where the clover of the first year of use was used as a predecessor, both in the control (without fertilizers) and when applying mineral fertilizers. Accordingly, the yield of winter wheat grain was higher for this predecessor, averaging 35.7 c/ha for 2014–2019. Without fertilization, depending on the predecessor, 25.2–32.8 c/ha were obtained, against the background of fertilization – 34.2–39.6 c/ha of winter wheat grain. On average, over the years of research, winter wheat grain contained 10.7–14.0 % protein. Depending on the year, this indicator varied from 8.8 % to 16.8 %. At the same time, the lowest values for the protein content were obtained for the variants without the use of fertilizers. In general, the content of protein and gluten in winter wheat grain largely depended on the application of mineral fertilizers and to a small extent on the predecessor. The weight of 1000 grains, depending on these factors, changed insignificantly.

The study of the quality of flour obtained from wheat at the stages of long-term storage

2021 ◽  
pp. 449-456
Author(s):  
K.B. Guryeva ◽  
S.L. Beletskiy ◽  
N.A. Khaba
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Grain Storage ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Term Storage

This article presents an analysis of the results of the study of flour obtained from batches of wheat grain at the stages of storage. It is shown that during the observed period of grain storage, the quality of the obtained wheat flour was stable and corresponded to the highest grade in terms of physicochemical parameters. Wheat of the 3rd class after 6 years of storage can be used for milling purposes for the production of bakery flour.

scholarly journals DEOXINIVALENOL AS A RISK FACTOR OF FOOD GRAIN CONTAMINATION: MONITORING RESULTS OF 1989–2018 YEARS HARVESTS IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-98
Author(s):  
I.B. Sedova ◽  
◽  
L.P. Zakharova ◽  
M.G. Kiseleva ◽  
Z.A. Chalyy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Intake ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Food Grains ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
Permissible Levels ◽  
Food Grain ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Grain Contamination ◽  
North Western

The paper dwells on the results obtained via long-term monitoring over food grain (wheat, barley, corn, oats, and rye) contamination with mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON). From 1989 to 2018 6,800 grain samples from Central, Southern, Volga, Ural, Siberian, North-Caucasian, Far Eastern, and North-western Federal Districts (FD) of the RF were analyzed. Depending on a year harvest, DON occurrence varied from 0 to 42 % and maximum toxin content reached 6.65 mg/kg. Over the whole examined period 10 % samples turned out to be contaminated and one forth of them contained the toxin in quanti- ties exceeding maximum permissible levels (MPL). DON occurrence amounted to 24–42 % in years of mass epiphytoties (1989, 1992 and 1993) as well as in crops gathered in 2014 and 2017; DON was detected in quantities exceeding MPL in 9–27 % of examined samples in those years. 78 % contaminated samples came from Southern and North-Caucasian FD and another 10 % were from Far Eastern FD. A significant correlation between DON occurrence and a number of rainy and sunny days in May was established on the example of wheat samples from Krasnodar region. Analysis of contamination dy- namics has revealed that over the last years there has been an ascending trend in frequency of DON detection in wheat that came not only from regions where Fusarium head blight was widely spread but also from regions in North-western, Siberian and Volga FD. Health risks related to DON intake with wheat grains processing products were assessed; the assessment revealed that DON intake higher than tolerable daily intake (TDI) for the residents of Southern and North-Caucasian FD in 1992, 1993, 2014 and 2017. Average occurrence of DON was 4.2; 11.9; 3.0 and 0.6 % for barley, corn, rye, and oats samples and its maximum contents amounted to 8.95; 0.95; 0.96 and 0.44 mg/kg accordingly. Just as it was the case with wheat, the most of contami- nated samples came from Southern, North-Caucasian and Far Eastern FD. Contamination tended to grow for all the exam- ined grains and it calls for relevant measures aimed at controlling food grains safety

scholarly journals DEOXINIVALENOL AS A RISK FACTOR OF FOOD GRAIN CONTAMINATION: MONITORING RESULTS OF 1989–2018 YEARS HARVESTS IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-98
Author(s):  
I.B. Sedova ◽  
◽  
L.P. Zakharova ◽  
M.G. Kiseleva ◽  
Z.A. Chalyy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Intake ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Food Grains ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
Permissible Levels ◽  
Food Grain ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Grain Contamination ◽  
North Western

The paper dwells on the results obtained via long-term monitoring over food grain (wheat, barley, corn, oats, and rye) contamination with mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON). From 1989 to 2018 6,800 grain samples from Central, Southern, Volga, Ural, Siberian, North-Caucasian, Far Eastern, and North-western Federal Districts (FD) of the RF were analyzed. Depending on a year harvest, DON occurrence varied from 0 to 42 % and maximum toxin content reached 6.65 mg/kg. Over the whole examined period 10 % samples turned out to be contaminated and one forth of them contained the toxin in quanti- ties exceeding maximum permissible levels (MPL). DON occurrence amounted to 24–42 % in years of mass epiphytoties (1989, 1992 and 1993) as well as in crops gathered in 2014 and 2017; DON was detected in quantities exceeding MPL in 9–27 % of examined samples in those years. 78 % contaminated samples came from Southern and North-Caucasian FD and another 10 % were from Far Eastern FD. A significant correlation between DON occurrence and a number of rainy and sunny days in May was established on the example of wheat samples from Krasnodar region. Analysis of contamination dy- namics has revealed that over the last years there has been an ascending trend in frequency of DON detection in wheat that came not only from regions where Fusarium head blight was widely spread but also from regions in North-western, Siberian and Volga FD. Health risks related to DON intake with wheat grains processing products were assessed; the assessment revealed that DON intake higher than tolerable daily intake (TDI) for the residents of Southern and North-Caucasian FD in 1992, 1993, 2014 and 2017. Average occurrence of DON was 4.2; 11.9; 3.0 and 0.6 % for barley, corn, rye, and oats samples and its maximum contents amounted to 8.95; 0.95; 0.96 and 0.44 mg/kg accordingly. Just as it was the case with wheat, the most of contami- nated samples came from Southern, North-Caucasian and Far Eastern FD. Contamination tended to grow for all the exam- ined grains and it calls for relevant measures aimed at controlling food grains safety

scholarly journals CORRELAÇÃO ENTRE O TEOR DE PROTEÍNAS EM GRÃOS DE TRIGO E A QUALIDADE INDUSTRIAL DAS FARINHAS

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
LUIZ CARLOS GUTKOSKI ◽  
OTONI ROSA FILHO ◽  
CASSIANA TROMBETTA
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Falling Number ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Dough Strength ◽  
Wheat Grains

Estudou-se o efeito da concentração de proteínas do grão de trigo na qualidade industrial das farinhas, bem como o estabelecimento de curvas de calibração mediante espectrofotometria de reflectância no infravermelho proximal (NIR). Amostras de grãos de trigo dos cultivares OR 1 e Rubi foram coletadas em regiões produtoras do sul do Brasil e realizadas análises de umidade, proteína bruta, peso de mil grãos, peso do hectolitro, grau de extração, número de queda, força do glúten (W), tenacidade (P), extensibilidade (L) e relação P/L. As farinhas das amostras de trigo do cultivar Rubi mostraram-se superiores quanto às características alveográficas avaliadas em comparação com as farinhas das amostras de trigo do cultivar OR 1. O teor de proteína bruta das amostras de grãos de trigo do cultivar Rubi apresentou correlação com a força geral do glúten (0,75) e relação P/L (-0,71). Os coeficientes de determinação das equações de proteína bruta (0,99) e umidade (0,95), obtidos nas curvas de calibração pelo NIR foram adequados para predizer a concentração dos constituintes químicos avaliados. CORRELATION BETWEEN PROTEIN CONTENT IN WHEAT GRAINS AND THE INDUSTRIAL QUALITY OF FLOURS Abstract The protein content of wheat grain in the industrial quality of flours was studied, as well as the development of calibration curves by NIR. Samples of wheat cultivars OR-1 and Rubi were collected in several regions and the analysis of moisture, protein content, thousand grain weight, hectoliter weight, flour extraction grade, falling number and alveography were undertaken. The wheat flour samples of the Rubi cultivar were superior for the alveography characteristics evaluated in comparison with the wheat samples of cultivar OR1. The protein content of wheat samples cultivar Rubi showed correlation with dough strength (0,75) and P/L ratio (-0,71). The determination coefficients for protein (0,99) and moisture (0,95) equations were adequate to predict the concentration of the chemical constituents evaluated.

Multi-Center Calibration of the Second Reference Material for Thromboplastin, Rabbit, Plain, Coded CRM 149R

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (03) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M H P van den Besselaar ◽  
R M Bertina
Keyword(s):  
Reference Material ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Significant Bias ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
International Sensitivity Index

SummaryIn a collaborative trial of eleven laboratories which was performed mainly within the framework of the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR), a second reference material for thromboplastin, rabbit, plain, was calibrated against its predecessor RBT/79. This second reference material (coded CRM 149R) has a mean International Sensitivity Index (ISI) of 1.343 with a standard error of the mean of 0.035. The standard error of the ISI was determined by combination of the standard errors of the ISI of RBT/79 and the slope of the calibration line in this trial.The BCR reference material for thromboplastin, human, plain (coded BCT/099) was also included in this trial for assessment of the long-term stability of the relationship with RBT/79. The results indicated that this relationship has not changed over a period of 8 years. The interlaboratory variation of the slope of the relationship between CRM 149R and RBT/79 was significantly lower than the variation of the slope of the relationship between BCT/099 and RBT/79. In addition to the manual technique, a semi-automatic coagulometer according to Schnitger & Gross was used to determine prothrombin times with CRM 149R. The mean ISI of CRM 149R was not affected by replacement of the manual technique by this particular coagulometer.Two lyophilized plasmas were included in this trial. The mean slope of relationship between RBT/79 and CRM 149R based on the two lyophilized plasmas was the same as the corresponding slope based on fresh plasmas. Tlowever, the mean slope of relationship between RBT/79 and BCT/099 based on the two lyophilized plasmas was 4.9% higher than the mean slope based on fresh plasmas. Thus, the use of these lyophilized plasmas induced a small but significant bias in the slope of relationship between these thromboplastins of different species.

Method of establishing the period of maturation of wheat flour by the value of acid number of fat

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-51
Author(s):  
L.G. Priezzheva ◽  
◽  
V.F. Sorochinskiy ◽  
I.A. Verezhnikova ◽  
S.K. Kolomiec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Acid Number

Using the alveograph in developing requirements for the quality of flour for wafer sheet production

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
E.P. Meleshkina ◽  
◽  
S.N. Kolomiets ◽  
A.S. Cheskidova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Mathematical Statistics ◽  
Intended Purpose ◽  
The Future ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Objectively and reliably determined indicators of rheological properties of the dough were identified using the alveograph device to create a system of classifications of wheat and flour from it for the intended purpose in the future. The analysis of the relationship of standardized quality indicators, as well as newly developed indicators for identifying them, differentiating the quality of wheat flour for the intended purpose, i.e. for finished products. To do this, we use mathematical statistics methods.

Selective statistical estimates of multi-year monthly concentrations of biogenous pollution of small rivers of the Northwest zone of the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Sergey Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Monthly Data ◽  
Statistical Estimates ◽  
Scientific Task ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Agricultural Areas

The management of surface watercourses is an urgent scientific task. The article presents the results of statistical processing of long-term monthly data of field observations of hydrological and hydrochemical parameters along the Upper Yerga small river in the Vologda region. Sampling estimates of statistical parameters are obtained, autocorrelation and correlation analyzes are performed. The limiting periods from the point of view of pollution for water receivers receiving wastewater from drained agricultural areas are identified.

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