A Review on Extraction of Lipase from Aspergillus Species and its Applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 4471-4475
Author(s):  
Kavitha. K ◽  
Shankari. K ◽  
Meenambiga S. S
Keyword(s):  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Candida Rugosa ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Aspergillus Species ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Lipase Enzyme ◽  
Penicillium Restrictum

Lipase enzyme which catalyses the hydrolysis of fats performs a variety of chemical reactions including esterification, trans-esterification, acidolysis and aminolysis. Lipases are widely used for biotechnological application in dairy industry, oil processing and production of surfactants and preparation of enatiomerically pure pharmaceuticals. Lipases are extracted from plants, animals and microorganisms whereas high amount of lipases are produced by microbes when compared to plants and animal source. Fungi serve as a major source in the production of industrial lipase. Fungi play a vital role in removing hazardous compounds formed by crude oil contamination from oil spill during lipase extraction. Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium restrictum, Rhizomucar rhizopodiformis, Rhizopus oligosporous, Candida rugosa, Rhizopus oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum are few fungal species involved in the production of lipase. Among the species, Aspergillus species produce efficient amount of lipase. Lipase extracted from fungi is more stable and have more diverse properties compared to lipase from other source. Fungal lipases stand out as major source because of their catalytic activity, low cost of production and relative ease in genetic manipulation. This review focuses on the various methods of lipase extraction from Aspergillus species and its applications.

scholarly journals Bioflocculation of Euglena gracilis via direct application of fungal filaments: a rapid harvesting method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Bansfield ◽  
Kristian Spilling ◽  
Anna Mikola ◽  
Jonna Piiparinen
Keyword(s):  
Euglena Gracilis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Cell Integrity ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Penicillium Restrictum ◽  
Harvesting Method ◽  
Ca 50

AbstractThe high cost and environmental impact of traditional microalgal harvesting methods limit commercialization of microalgal biomass. Fungal bioflocculation of microalgae is a promising low-cost, eco-friendly method but the range of fungal and microalgal species tested to date is narrow. Here, eight non-pathogenic, filamentous fungi were screened for their ability to self-pelletize and flocculate Euglena gracilis (ca.50 µm motile microalga) in suspension. Self-pelletization was tested under various rotational speeds, and species which formed pellets (Ø > 0.5 cm) were selected for harvesting tests. Filaments of each species were combined with E. gracilis at various ratios based on dry weight. Harvesting efficiency was determined by measuring the change in cell counts over time, and settling of the flocs was evaluated by batch settling tests. Three fungal species, Ganoderma lucidum, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Penicillium restrictum, were able to reliably flocculate and harvest 62–75% of the microalgae while leaving it unharmed. The results demonstrated that self-pelletization, harvesting, and settling were dependent on the fungal species. The fungi to algae ratio also had significant but contrasting effects on harvesting and settling. In balancing the needs to both harvest and settle the biomass, the optimal fungi to algae ratio was 1:2. The application of fungal filaments to microalgae in suspension produced readily settling flocs and was less time-consuming than other commonly used methods. This method is especially attractive for harvesting microalgal biomass for low-value products where speed, low cost, and cell integrity is vital.

Photocatalytic Degradation of Synthetic Sulfur Pollutants in Petroleum Fractions under Different pH and Photocatalyst

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Alif Hakimi Hamdan ◽  
◽  
Nur Hanis Hayati Hairom ◽  
Nurhafisza Zaiton ◽  
Zawati Harun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Petroleum Fraction ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Petroleum Fractions

Thiophene is one of the sulfur compounds in the petroleum fraction that can be harmful to living things and lead to a critical effect on the ecosystem. Photocatalytic degradation is one of the promising methods in treating wastewater as it can mineralization of pollutants into carbon dioxide and water. Other than that, this method is non-toxic and relatively low cost. The production of hydroxyl radicals playing a vital role in the degradation of organic pollutants. It has been claimed that the usage of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles could give an excellent degradation process as this photocatalyst have high photosensitivity, low cost and chemically stable. However, the preparation method of ZnO nanoparticles will affect the agglomeration, particle size, shape and morphology of particles and lead to influence the photocatalytic activity in degrading thiophene. Therefore, this study focused on the effectiveness of ZnO nanoparticles in the presence of fibrous nanosilica (KCC-1) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the capping agent to degrade synthetic thiophene. ZnO/KCC-1 had been synthesized via the precipitation method and characterized by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The chemical bond and nature of the photocatalyst from the FTIR results proved that the synthesis process to produce the ZnO/KCC-1 was succeed. The large surface area of KCC-1 increases the effectiveness of ZnO which is supported by the experimental data. Accordingly, the optimum condition for photocatalytic degradation of thiophene is under pH 7 by using ZnO/KCC-1 as photocatalyst. Hence, it is believed that this research could be implemented to remove the thiophene in petroleum fraction from the actual industrial effluents and this can preserve nature in the future.

scholarly journals Isolation, Molecular Identification, and Mycotoxin Production of Aspergillus Species Isolated from the Rhizosphere of Sugarcane in the South of Iran

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Tavakol Noorabadi ◽  
Valiollah Babaeizad ◽  
Rasoul Zare ◽  
Bita Asgari ◽  
Miriam Haidukowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Aspergillus Species ◽  
Aspergillus Tubingensis ◽  
Ecological Role ◽  
The South ◽  
Mycotoxin Production ◽  
Aspergillus Section

Knowledge of the genetic diversity detected among fungal species belonging to the genus Aspergillus is of key importance for explaining their important ecological role in the environment and agriculture. The current study aimed to identify Aspergillus species occurring in the rhizosphere of sugarcane in the South of Iran, and to investigate their mycotoxin profiles. One-hundred and twenty-five Aspergillus strains were isolated from the soil of eight major sugarcane-producing sites, and were molecularly identified using sequences of partial -tubulin (benA) and partial calmodulin (CaM) genes. Our molecular and phylogenetic results showed that around 70% of strains belonged to the Aspergillus section Nigri, and around 25% of species belonged to the Aspergillus section Terrei. Species belonging to both sections are able to produce different mycotoxins. The production of mycotoxins was measured for each species, according to their known mycotoxin profile: patulin (PAT) and sterigmatocystin (STG) for Aspergillus terreus; ochratoxin A (OTA) and fumonisins for Aspergillus welwitschiae; and OTA alone for Aspergillus tubingensis. The data showed that the production of OTA was detected in only 4 out of 10 strains of A. welwitschiae, while none of the A. tubingensis strains analyzed produced the mycotoxin. Fumonisins were produced by 8 out of 10 strains of A. welwitschiae. Finally, none of the 23 strains of A. terreus produced STG, while 13 of them produced PAT. The occurrence of such mycotoxigenic plant pathogens among the fungal community occurring in soil of sugarcane fields may represent a significant source of inoculum for the possible colonization of sugarcane plants, since the early stages of plant growth, due to the mycotoxin production capability, could have worrisome implications in terms of both the safety and loss of products at harvest.

scholarly journals Nutritive Analysis of Cicer Arietinum Via Colorimetery

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S2) ◽  
pp. 249-252
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Value Addition

The seeds of cicerarietinum were made into flour, cooked in a different methods and analyzed for Phosphorous, Phytin, Ionisable Iron, Niacin and Thiamin by standard methods.Nutritious values of cicerarietinum varies significantly when they cooked. Mode of cooking play a vital role in the determination of nutrition in food. Gram flour has significant amounts of niacin and thiamin and ionisable iron in its uncooked flour form.This flour have 280 mg/100g phosphorous, 1.6 mg/100g ionisable iron, 0.357 mg/100g thiamin and 4.7 mg/100g niacin. Thus, the flour may be used as value addition food which in turn increased nutrition in low cost.

scholarly journals A Concept Design of an Adaptive Tendon Driven Mechanism for Active Soft Hand Orthosis

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Bruno Lourenço ◽  
Vitorino Neto ◽  
Rafhael de Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Dorsal Side ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Biomechanical Constraints ◽  
Active Orthosis

The Hands exert a vital role in the simplest to most complex daily tasks. Losing the ability to make hand movements, which is usually caused by spinal cord injury or stroke, dramatically impacts the quality of life. In order to counteract this problem, several assisting devices have been proposed, but they still present several usage limitations. The marketable orthoses are generally either the static type or over-expensive active orthosis that cannot perform the same degrees of freedom (DoF) that a hand can do. This paper presents a conceptual design of a tendon-driven mechanism for hand’s active orthosis. This study is a part of an effort to develop an effective and low-cost hand’s orthosis for people with hand paralysis. The tendon design proposed was thought to comply with some requisitions such as lightness and low volume, as well as fit with the biomechanical constraints of the hand joints to enable a comfortable use. The mechanism employs small cursors on the phalanges to allow the tendons to run on the dorsal side and by both sides of the fingers, allowing 2 DoF for each finger, and one extra tendon enlarges the hands’ adduction nuances. With this configuration, it is simple enough to execute the flexion and extension movements, which are the most used movements in daily actives, using one single DC actuator for one DoF to reduce manufacturing costs, or with more DC actuators to enable more natural hand coordination. This system of actuation is suitable to create soft exoskeletons for hands easily embedded into 3D printed parts, which could be merged over statics thermoplastic orthosis. The final orthosis design allows dexterous finger movements and force to grasp objects and perform tasks comfortably.

scholarly journals Improved Catalytic Performance of Carrier-Free Immobilized Lipase by Advanced Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates Technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Jiaojiao ◽  
Yan Yan ◽  
Bin Zou ◽  
Adesanya Idowu Onyinye
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Candida Rugosa ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Candida Rugosa Lipase ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Functional Surface ◽  
Carrier Free ◽  
Effective Synthesis ◽  
Repeated Use

Abstract The cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) are one of the technologies that quickly immobilize the enzyme without a carrier. This carrier-free immobilization method has the advantages of simple operation, high reusability and low cost. In this study, ionic liquid with amino group (1-aminopropyl-3-methylimidazole bromide，IL) was used as the novel functional surface molecule to modify industrialized lipase (Candida rugosa lipase, CRL). The enzymatic properties of the prepared CRL-FIL-CLEAs were investigated. The activity of CRL-FIL-CLEAs (5.51 U/mg protein) was 1.9 times higher than that of CRL-CLEAs without surface modification (2.86 U/mg protein). After incubation at 60℃ for 50 min, CRL-FIL-CLEAs still maintained 61% of its initial activity, while the value for CRL-CLEAs was only 22%. After repeated use for five times, compared with the 22% residual activity of CRL-CLEAs, the value of CRL-FIL-CLEAs was 51%. Further kinetic analysis indicated that the Km values for CRL-FIL-CLEAs and CRL-CLEAs were 4.80 mM and 8.06 mM, respectively, which was inferred that the affinity to substrate was increased after modification. Based on the above results, it was indicated that this method provided a new idea for the effective synthesis of immobilized enzyme.

scholarly journals High Security Mechanism: Fragmentation and Replication in the Cloud with Auto Update in the System.

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
Shrutika Khobragade ◽  
Rohini Bhosale ◽  
Rahul Jiwahe
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Key Generation ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Hash Key ◽  
Use Of Internet ◽  
High Quality Service

Cloud Computing makes immense use of internet to store a huge amount of data. Cloud computing provides high quality service with low cost and scalability with less requirement of hardware and software management. Security plays a vital role in cloud as data is handled by third party hence security is the biggest concern to matter. This proposed mechanism focuses on the security issues on the cloud. As the file is stored at a particular location which might get affected due to attack and will lost the data. So, in this proposed work instead of storing a complete file at a particular location, the file is divided into fragments and each fragment is stored at various locations. Fragments are more secured by providing the hash key to each fragment. This mechanism will not reveal all the information regarding a particular file even after successful attack. Here, the replication of fragments is also generated with strong authentication process using key generation. The auto update of a fragment or any file is also done here. The concept of auto update of filles is done where a file or a fragment can be updated online. Instead of downloading the whole file, a fragment can be downloaded to update. More time is saved using this methodology.

scholarly journals Expression and manufacturing of protein therapeutics in spirulina

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Jester ◽  
Hui Zhao ◽  
Mesfin Gewe ◽  
Thomas Adame ◽  
Lisa Perruzza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Arthrospira Platensis ◽  
Protein Therapeutics ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Medical Needs ◽  
Manufacturing Platform ◽  
Safe Food

ABSTRACTArthrospira platensis (commonly known as spirulina) is a photosynthetic cyanobacterium1. It is a highly nutritious food that has been consumed for decades in the US, and even longer by indigenous cultures2. Its widespread use as a safe food source and proven scalability have driven frequent attempts to convert it into a biomanufacturing platform. But these were repeatedly frustrated by spirulina’s genetic intractability. We report here efficient and versatile genetic engineering methodology for spirulina that allows stable expression of bioactive protein therapeutics at high levels. We further describe large-scale, indoor cultivation and downstream processing methods appropriate for the manufacturing of biopharmaceuticals in spirulina. The potential of the platform is illustrated by pre-clinical development and human testing of an orally delivered antibody therapeutic against campylobacter, a major cause of infant mortality in the developing world and a growing antibiotic resistance threat3,4. This integrated development and manufacturing platform blends the safety of food-based biotechnology with the ease of genetic manipulation, rapid growth rates and high productivity characteristic of microbial platforms. These features combine for exceptionally low-cost production of biopharmaceuticals to address medical needs that are unfeasible with current biotechnology platforms.

Enzymatic synthesis of biolubricants from by-product of soybean oil processing catalyzed by different biocatalysts of Candida rugosa lipase

2021 ◽  
Vol 362 ◽  
pp. 122-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keysson V. Fernandes ◽  
Elisa D.C. Cavalcanti ◽  
Eliane P. Cipolatti ◽  
Erika C.G. Aguieiras ◽  
Martina C.C. Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Enzymatic Synthesis ◽  
Candida Rugosa ◽  
Candida Rugosa Lipase ◽  
Oil Processing

scholarly journals A Natural User Interface for Immersive Design Review

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastacia MacAllister ◽  
Eliot Winer ◽  
Tsung-Pin Yeh ◽  
Daniel Seal ◽  
Grant Degenhardt
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Interdisciplinary Teams ◽  
Microsoft Kinect ◽  
Head Tracking ◽  
Design Review ◽  
Team Members ◽  
The Past ◽  
Interdisciplinary Design ◽  
User Friendly

As markets demand engineered products faster, waiting on the cyclical design processes of the past is not an option. Instead, industry is turning to concurrent design and interdisciplinary teams. When these teams collaborate, engineering CAD tools play a vital role in conceptualizing and validating designs. These tools require significant user investment to master, due to challenging interfaces and an overabundance of features. These challenges often prohibit team members from using these tools for exploring alternatives. This paper presents a method allowing users to interact with a design using intuitive gestures and head tracking, all while keeping the model in a CAD format. Specifically, Siemens’ Teamcenter® Lifecycle Visualization Mockup (Mockup) was used to display the design geometry while modifications were made through a set of gestures captured by a Microsoft Kinect™ in real time. This proof of concept program allowed a user to rotate the scene, activate Mockup’s immersive menu, move the immersive wand, and manipulate the view based on head position. The result is an immersive user-friendly low cost platform for interdisciplinary design review.

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