scholarly journals Why do We Want Trees? Potential for Improvement in Food and Income in Brazilian Rural Settlements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Aparecida Silva ◽  
Adriana Cavalieri Sais ◽  
Eliana Cardoso-Leite ◽  
Renata Evangelista de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Family Farmers ◽  
Productive Systems ◽  
Direct Use ◽  
Species Being

The aim of this study was to investigate tree species cultivated and maintained by family farmers in five rural settlements, to understand the motivations for farmers to cultivate them and analyze their potential to provide income and food improvement. We have studied trees distribution in 16 lots and surveyed tree species cultivated by farmers, as well as their functions within the lots. We listed food and medicinal species, and those already commercialized, and the main market channels for their products. The main reason the families cultivate or maintain trees in their lots is for food supply but there are other motivations, related to well-being and cultural issues. Farmers plant trees motivated mainly by direct use (food) and for the possibility of generating income through the sale of tree products. We found 94 tree species, being half of them cultivated for food and medicinal uses. Approximately 45% of these species are commercialized by farmers in different channels. We conclude that trees are important for farming and livelihoods in rural settlements and have potential to be inserted in local productive systems.

scholarly journals Enhancing Germination of Seeds of Cassia abbreviata and Senegalia nigrescens Using Pre-Sowing Seed Treatments in Botswana

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Melusi Rampart ◽  
Demel Teketay ◽  
Kamogelo Makgobota ◽  
Witness Mojeremane ◽  
Ronnie Mmolotsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Inadequate Knowledge ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Indigenous Tree Species ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
And Control

Cassia abbreviata and Senegalia nigrescens are indigenous trees found in North and Central regions of Botswana. However, inadequate knowledge of their silviculture and decline in population due to deforestation, expanding settlements, infrastructure and agriculture are major threats to most indigenous tree species in Botswana. Like many indigenous tree species, Cassia abbreviata and Senegalia nigrescens are slow-growing and are threatened by overexploitation for numerous uses. Because of the increased demand for medicinal uses, medicinal species such Cassia abbreviata are rapidly disappearing in many habitats and threatened to extinction. This study assessed the response of pre-sowing treatment methods on quiescency and germination of seeds of Cassia abbreviata and Senegalia nigrescens tree species found in semiarid Savanna Ecozone of Botswana. Pre-sowing treatment included immersion in 98% undiluted sulfuric acid (H2SO4) for 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes, submergence in boiling water for one, two, three minutes and submerged in warm water for 24 hours, mechanical scarification of the seed coat and control. ANOVA showed that there is a highly significant difference (P < 0.0001) among the treatments of C. abbreviata in seed germination and no significant difference among the treatments of S. nigrescens. The highest germination percentage of C. abbreviata seeds was 81%, which was found from seeds immersed in H2SO4 for 30 minutes, while for S. nigrescens seeds, the highest germination percentage was 99%, which was found from seeds treated with mechanical scarification and those immersed in H2SO4 for 15 and 45 minutes. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of pretreatment methods on germination of C. abbreviata and S. nigrescens seeds. Based on these results, we recommend sulphuric acid and mechanical scarification as suitable seed pre-sowing treatments for enhancing the germination of C. abbreviata and S. nigrescens, respectively.

scholarly journals Ethnobotanical Research and Compilation of the Medicinal Uses in Spain and the Active Principles of Chiliadenus glutinosus (L.) Fourr. for the Scientific Validation of Its Therapeutic Properties

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 584
Author(s):  
Nadia Las Heras Las Heras Etayo ◽  
Félix Llamas ◽  
Carmen Acedo
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Therapeutic Uses ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Botanical Diversity ◽  
Bioactive Phytochemicals ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
Scientific Validation

The species Chiliadenus glutinosus (L.) Fourr. has a large number of therapeutic uses reported in the traditional Spanish medicine. The growing interest in preserving the ethnopharmacological knowledge related to the botanical diversity existing in Spain and the interest in achieving scientific validation of the therapeutic properties of medicinal species has led to the development of this study. To do it, all the known medicinal uses of Ch. glutinosus in Spain were compiled, then an exhaustive bibliographic research on its chemical composition was carried out, and finally, an in silico validation of the bioactive phytochemicals present in a higher proportion in the essential oil of Ch. glutinosus: camphor, borneol, lucinone, glutinone, quercetin, kutdtriol, and kaempferol; in an attempt to justify the reported traditional uses of the species. It was found that much of the traditional medicinal uses of Ch. glutinosus, along with the biological activity of its phytochemicals, are supported by scientific evidence. The results place this species in a prominent position to initiate possible lines of research to develop new, more effective drugs and improve therapies to treat conditions and diseases that affect the different organic systems of the human being.

scholarly journals Inuit plant use in the eastern Subarctic: comparative ethnobotany in Kangiqsualujjuaq, Nunavik, and in Nain, Nunatsiavut

Botany ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 271-282
Author(s):  
Alain Cuerrier ◽  
Courtenay Clark ◽  
Christian H. Norton
Keyword(s):  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Ethnobotanical Knowledge ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Plant Uses ◽  
The Family ◽  
Plant Names ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Comparative Ethnobotany

Plants are important in traditional Inuit life. They are used for food, tea, medicine, etc. Based on semi-structured interviews with 35 informants, we documented and compared plant names and uses in Kangiqsualujjuaq, Nunavik, and in Nain, Nunatsiavut. Plant names and uses were expected to be similar between communities owing to common boreal–subarctic environments and cultural ties. Both communities reported the same number of taxa, with equivalent proportions of vascular and nonvascular plants, growth forms, use categories, and medicinal uses. Forty-three species were used in each community, for a total of 78 species from 39 families. Despite a high overlap in species distributions, only 35% of nonvascular and 56% of vascular species were used in both communities. Correspondence was higher at the family level (64% of nonvascular and 75% of vascular families shared). The Ericaceae family was the most used, followed by Rosaceae. Thirteen of 30 medicinal species were shared between communities. There was a low correspondence regarding the conditions for which the medicinal species were used. Edible taxa were shared the most (52%). Plant uses unique to either Nain or Kangiqsualujjuaq may reveal separate bodies of traditional knowledge, or may reflect an overall loss of ethnobotanical knowledge in the Subarctic due to recent lifestyle changes.

Social Indicators: For Individual Well-Being or Social Control?

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francois Nectoux ◽  
John Lintott ◽  
Roy Carr-Hill
Keyword(s):  
Social Indicators ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Social Planning ◽  
Modern Capitalism ◽  
Social Concerns ◽  
The World ◽  
Social Statistics ◽  
Direct Use

This article is concerned with the way that social statistics reflect particular views of the world, and focuses on the specific case of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development's program to develop a set of social indicators. Some illustrations of previous attempts to collect social indicators are given, but the bulk of the article discusses the series of contradictions which regulate the generation and use of statistics by governments, the principal one being between measures which play the ideological role of displaying economic and social “progress” and measures which are of direct use in social planning. This is discussed both for social indicators in general and for social concerns linked to the measurement of health. The article ends with an attempt to evaluate the future of the OECD program within the development of modern capitalism.

DECISION STRATEGY CONCEPT TO IMPROVE ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-711
Author(s):  
M.A. Volokhova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Decision Strategy ◽  
Saratov Region

Modern conditions for the development of market relations leave a significant imprint on all main aspects of rural life. The socio-economic situation of rural households is dangerously dependent on the fluctuations of various institutions, be it the labor institution, the food market or the production system. Under these conditions, increasing attention is being paid to the development of targeted programs to improve the living standard and the socio-economic situation of the population in rural settlements. The article discusses a methodological approach to assess the living standards of rural settlements in the context of municipal districts of the Saratov region, in particular, the Samoilovsky municipality. Basing on the participatory approach, categories of the rural population are determined by income level and a direct correlation dependence of the demographic situation (birth rate, mortality, migration rate) and the level of rural household income are revealed. The parameters of the resource of patience and the boundaries of the passive expectation for the poor and impoverished layers of the rural population, as well as the prerequisites for the passivity of the able-bodied population to participate in the processes of increasing their own well-being and well-being of others are determined. The conditions and parameters of the property status compelling the activation of the use of internal material and social sources of income are revealed. Three levels of decision-making strategies for improving the financial situation of the family are distinguished: employees, employers (agricultural enterprises and K(F)X), authorities (district administration). As a result, a concept of a decision-making strategy was developed to improve the material situation of households in rural settlements of the Saratov region. The economic factor (the size of wages) has one of the decisive effects on all the demographic processes taking place in society.

scholarly journals Establishing a knowledge-based organisation

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-249
Author(s):  
Norzanah Mat Nor ◽  
Siti Murni Mat Khairi ◽  
Herwina Rosnan ◽  
Roozita Maskun ◽  
Elaina Rose Johar
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Survey ◽  
Employees Satisfaction ◽  
Case Study Report ◽  
Implementation Effect

Purpose Studies on knowledge management (KM) and its effect on organisational innovation and firm performance have been carried out and subsequently proven. However, the consequence is that KM programmes did not achieve the expected results that they were designed for. Considering the issue mentioned above, a KM shortfall and its underlying challenges seem to exist. The purpose of this study is to assess the current practices of KM, lesson learnt and KM challenges in Malaysian organisations from various types of industries. Design/methodology/approach The study was conducted with information gathered through a focus group of managers with different hierarchical levels, different types of companies, from multinational corporations to state organisations. This inductive approach was adopted to gain a grounded, rich, local and lived understanding of the process based on the case studies of eight Malaysian organisations that represent the major industries in the Malaysian economic sectors. Additionally, the information gathered was further supported with secondary data that consisted of a case study report of the eight organisations on their KM programmes’ implementation. Findings The overall results showed that the practice of KM in Malaysian organisations typically displays the following two challenges: (1) process and infrastructure issues and (2) cultural issues. Organisational culture remains the main obstacles faced by most of the organisations in adopting KM. As a lesson learnt, managers should also focus on the after-effect of KM programmes on soft human issues such as employees’ satisfaction and well-being. Research limitations/implications The authors believe that further research is required considering KM challenges and employee satisfaction or well-being to improve KM performance among different groups of employees through such methods as research survey. Practical implications The findings can act as a guideline for any organisations to address when adopting KM. Identification of the KM challenges provides the basis for organisations to attach considerable importance to employees’ satisfaction and well-being to enhance the chances of successful KM programmes. Managers should take a proactive approach in creating an appropriate atmosphere to cultivate KM culture among employees. Originality/value This study offers not only challenges in implementing and sustaining an effective KM system within organisations but also promotes moving the KM literature to the next stage where there is a lack of concern on KM implementation effect on “soft” human issues from the perspectives of employees. This is due to organisations tend to eradicate people’s performance in terms of employee well-being and satisfaction and to the author’s knowledge, this has been largely unexplored in previous research.

scholarly journals Ethno-medicinal Species of Cassia (C. fistula, C. siamea, C. tora): Documentation and Metabolites Estimation

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-394
Author(s):  
L. Rani ◽  
A. Munjani ◽  
G. Lakra ◽  
A.K. Choudhury ◽  
R.K. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Study ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Cassia Fistula ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Cassia Tora ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Cassia Siamea ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Uv Visible

Different species of Cassia found in Jharkhand are consumed as daily vegetables have high nutritional value. Most of them are underutilized and display varied ethenomedicinal values. The work was carried out with an aim to document three ethno medicinal properties of three different species of Cassia, Cassia fistula, Cassia siamea and Cassia tora. The documentation was done among 100 tribal people residing in the area near Morabadi, Ranchi. The knowledge revealed that the three plants were used in almost every tribal houses as a dietary supplement and various medicinal uses. According to the Munda Vaidya’s the plant Cassia is of pitta nature and its different part have different uses. The root is used against tuberculosis glands, diabetes, as a tonic, the root and bark paste mixed in equal amount is used against snake bite.  traditionally it is used as laxative, for the treatment of leprosy and various skin disorders.  the present study aimed to screen and quantify primary and secondary metabolite by quantitative and qualitative method. The pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoid) were characterised by UV visible spectroscopy. Concentration of chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b and carotenoid was calculated by Arnon method (80% acetone extract). The spectrophotometric study of the different pigment of the three species of Cassia, Cassia fistula (chl-a 254.516, chl-b 305.741, total chl 533.7 carotenoid 10.6), Cassia siamea (chl-a 257.88, chl-b 393.16, total chl 630.2   carotenoid 9.395), Cassia tora (chl-a 266.36, chl-b 271.96, total chl 538.32 carotenoid 16.3). The result revealed that chl-a was highest in Cassia tora followed by Cassia siamea and Cassia fistula. Chl-b pigment followed   C. siamea> C. fistula>C. tora pattern, total chl C. siemea>C. tora>C. fistula and the carotenoid amount C. tora  > C. fistula > C. siamea. In screening of secondary metabolites tannin, saponins alkaloids, terpenoids, resin Phyto-sterols were carried out on the aqueous extract showed +ve test for all except phyto-sterols and on the powdered specimen gave –ve result in aqueous, ethanol as well as acetone extract. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 7(3): 387-394  

scholarly journals Understanding frailty: a qualitative study of European healthcare policy-makers’ approaches to frailty screening and management

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e018653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Gwyther ◽  
Rachel Shaw ◽  
Eva-Amparo Jaime Dauden ◽  
Barbara D’Avanzo ◽  
Donata Kurpas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Healthcare Policy ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Adult Care ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Culture Shift ◽  
European Healthcare

ObjectiveTo elicit European healthcare policy-makers’ views, understanding and attitudes about the implementation of frailty screening and management strategies and responses to stakeholders’ views.DesignThematic analysis of semistructured qualitative interviews.SettingEuropean healthcare policy departments.ParticipantsSeven European healthcare policy-makers representing the European Union (n=2), UK (n=2), Italy (n=1), Spain (n=1) and Poland (n=1). Participants were sourced through professional networks and the European Commission Authentication Service website and were required to be in an active healthcare policy or decision-making role.ResultsSeven themes were identified. Our findings reveal a ‘knowledge gap’, around frailty andawareness of the malleability of frailty,which has resulted in restrictedownership of frailtyby specialists. Policy-makers emphasised the need to recognise frailty as a clinical syndrome but stressed that it should be managed via an integrated and interdisciplinary response to chronicity and ageing. That is, through social co-production. This would require aculture shift in carewith redeployment of existing resources to deliver frailty management and intervention services. Policy-makers proposedbarriers to a culture shift,indicating a need to be innovative with solutions to empower older adults to optimise their health and well-being, while still fully engaging in the social environment. Thecultural acceptance of an integrated care systemtheme described the complexities of institutional change management, as well as cultural issues relating to working democratically, while insignposting adult care, the need for a personal navigator to help older adults to access appropriate services was proposed. Policy-makers also believed thatscreening for frailtycould be an effective tool for frailty management.ConclusionsThere is potential for frailty to be managed in a more integrated and person-centred manner, overcoming the challenges associated with niche ownership within the healthcare system. There is also a need to raise its profile and develop a common understanding of its malleability among stakeholders, as well as consistency in how and when it is measured.

Clinical Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
Developing Area ◽  
Transformative Approach ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors

The interplay between mind and body is a rapidly developing area of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, growing in prominence as many areas of medicine recognise the importance of understanding the physical, mental, and social aspects of complex conditions. Clinical Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology: A Patient-centred Biopsychosocial Practice is the fundamental work facilitating the management of women's disease conditions resulting from psychosomatic or mind-body interactions that are routinely encountered by clinicians. Authored by a world-renowned group of contributors who have led a transformative approach to the way services to women are approached, Clinical Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology comprehensively addresses the biological, psychological, social, and cultural factors leading to disease manifestations. Including methods for prevention, detection and treatment, the text is supported by > 30 clinical vignettes taken from real-life situations to support learning and guide clinical practice. Detailed chapters clarify the scientific basis of the clinical psychosomatic concept, prevention of morbidity and mortality from cancer or obesity, pregnancy, and childbirth, migraine and delivery, subfertility, premenstrual disorders, vulval pain, psycho-oncology, sexual health, and psychosomatic implications of migration and cultural issues, this title is a highly topical and much-needed guide to addressing clinical conditions that compromise women's health as well as their mental and social well-being.

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