Prevalence of Dog Bites and Risk Factors Among Residents of Maramag, Bukidnon

BackgroundDog bite studies are typically based on hospital records and may be biased towards bites requiring significant medical treatment. This study investigated true dog bite prevalence and incidence at a community-level and victim-related risk factors, in order to inform policy and prevention.MethodsA cross-sectional study of a community of 1280 households in Cheshire, UK, surveyed 694 respondents in 385 households. Data included dog ownership and bite history, demographics, health and personality (Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) brief measure). Multivariable logistic regression modelled risk factors for having ever been bitten by a dog, accounting for clustering of individuals within households.ResultsA quarter of participants (24.78%, 95% CI 21.72 to 28.13) reported having ever been bitten by a dog during their lifetime, with only a third of bites described requiring further medical treatment and 0.6% hospital admission. Incidence of dog bites was 18.7 (11.0–31.8) per 1000 population per year. Males were 1.81 times more likely to have been bitten in their lifetime than females (95% CI 1.20 to 2.72, P=0.005). Current owners of multiple dogs were 3.3 times more likely (95% CI 1.13 to 9.69, P=0.03) to report having been bitten than people not currently owning a dog. Regarding all bites described, most commonly people were bitten by a dog that they had never met before the incident (54.7%). Individuals scoring higher in emotional stability had a lower risk of having ever been bitten (OR=0.77 for 1 point change in scale between 1 and 7, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.9, P=0.001).ConclusionThis study suggests that the real burden of dog bites is considerably larger than those estimated from hospital records. Further, many bites do not require medical treatment and hospital-based bite data are not representative of bites within the wider population. Victim personality requires further investigation and potential consideration in the design of bite prevention schemes.

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A look at the incidence and risk factors for dog bites in unincorporated Harris County, Texas, USA

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2020.419-425 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 419-425

Author(s):

Bonnie C. Hasoon ◽

Alyssa E. Shipp ◽

Jamal Hasoon

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Human Population ◽

Geographic Location ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Harris County ◽

Dog Bite ◽

Dog Bites ◽

Choropleth Maps ◽

Labrador Retrievers

Aim: This study examined the incidence, demographic predictors, and map patterns of dog bites to humans in unincorporated Harris County, Texas, USA. Materials and Methods: Dog bites reported to Harris County Veterinary Public Health (HCVPH) between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2016, were analyzed in this retrospective cohort study. Canine and victim characteristics and bite circumstances were evaluated to establish risk factors for bites. Geographic location was used to produce choropleth maps. Results: There were 6683 dog bites reported to HCVPH between the years of 2013 and 2016, with stable incidence rates over time. The incidence was highest for both children and older adults. Dogs with the primary breed of Pit Bull had the greatest frequency of bites (25.07%), with the second highest breed being Labrador Retrievers (13.72%). Bites were more common from intact dogs of both genders, especially from intact males. Persons aged 70+ had the greatest incidence of severe injury (14.09/100,000). A strong correlation between dog bite incidences and stray dogs was found after controlling for the human population and income. Conclusion: Dog bites remain a largely preventable issue, and risk factors identified in this study can help direct preventative efforts to reduce the incidence of dog bites.

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Risk Factors, Prevention and Prophylaxis of Dog Bites for Disaster Response Personnel in the United States

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x00030168 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 13 (2-4) ◽

pp. 58-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sebastian E. Heath ◽

Bruno B. Chomel

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Disaster Response ◽

Large Scale ◽

Health Hazard ◽

Fatal Outcome ◽

The United States ◽

Medical Attention ◽

Dog Bite ◽

Dog Bites ◽

Human Health Hazard

AbstractIt commonly is rumored that in large scale disasters, packs of dogs present a human health hazard because of dog bites. However, it is likely that factors other than pack behavior comprise greater risk factors for dog bites in disaster-response personnel. Important risk factors include: 1) the density of the human population, which in turn, determines the number of dogs at a disaster site; 2) territorial behavior of dogs at their site of residence, which determines the frequency with which dogs may bite; and 3) whether rabies is present at endemic or epidemic levels within the area in which the disaster is occurring, which determines the likelihood of fatal outcomes. Persons bitten by a dog should seek medical attention as contraction of rabies may result in a fatal outcome from a dog bite. It is recommended that disaster response personnel obtain pre-exposure vaccination against rabies. Vaccinated or not, they immediately should seek post-exposure treatment for rabies following potential exposure.

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Epidemiological Features of Dog Bites among Children Attending Emergency Room in Al-showmely General Hospital

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v9ispl1.1388 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽

Author(s):

Hasan Alwan Baiee ◽

Weli Hatif

Keyword(s):

Emergency Room ◽

General Hospital ◽

Health Problem ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Care Providers ◽

Dog Bite ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Post Exposure ◽

Dog Bites ◽

Bite Injuries

Dog bites are common and can affect victims of different ages.Dog bite injuries in children are a preventable health problem.Dog bites are a serious health problem that cause both physical and emotional damage to victims and considerable cost to communities. Studies on dog bites among Iraqi children were very scarce.This study focuses on theincidence,mechanisms,and epidemiologicalcircumstances ofdog biteinjuriesin a series of pediatric patients who sustained dog bites in emergency Room. MethodologyA cross sectional study was designed to studyall cases of dog bites attending the emergency room in AL-Showmely General Hospital located in the southern district – Babylon province-Iraq, during the period ; from the January, first,2017 through theend of March, 2018.Special constructed were prepared to collect data through interview of victims or their companions who attended the emergency section during this period,ethical clearances were obtained.*A total of 320 children presented to the hospital with dog bite injuries.The incidence rate of dog bites was 275 per 100000 population, the male to female ratio was 3:1.the most common dog bite injuries took place in September44 (13.75%). Injury rates were highest in those aged 0-4,declining thereafter with age. In the 6-10, year age group141 (44.1%), most of cases living in rural district (villages). The most affected location were lower limbs, only 3.4% of the injured children had completed the post exposure anti rabies vaccine. Dog bites are common health problem among children,Children who are younger than 10 years represent the high-risk group for dog attacks. very few of them had complete the prophylactic post exposure vaccine Therefore, prevention strategies should focus on public education,training health care providers and controlling stray dogs.

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Risk factors for dog bites occurring during and outside of play: Are they different?

Preventive Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.prevetmed.2012.05.007 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 107 (1-2) ◽

pp. 110-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Locksley L. McV. Messam ◽

Philip H. Kass ◽

Bruno B. Chomel ◽

Lynette A. Hart

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Dog Bites

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Modelling risk factors for injuries from dog bites in Greece: a case-only design and analysis

Accident Analysis & Prevention ◽

10.1016/s0001-4575(02)00015-5 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 435-438 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Constantine E Frangakis ◽

Eleni Petridou

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Dog Bites

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Child safety programs for primary school children decrease the injury severity of dog bites

European Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1007/s00431-021-04256-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bernhard Kienesberger ◽

Christoph Arneitz ◽

Vanessa Wolfschluckner ◽

Christina Flucher ◽

Peter Spitzer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary School ◽

School Children ◽

Prevention Program ◽

Injury Severity ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Child Safety ◽

Dog Bite ◽

Severe Injuries ◽

Dog Bites ◽

The Impact

AbstractThis study focuses on the impact of a prevention program regarding dog bites in children. As a consequence of our previous investigation in 2005, we have initiated a child safety program for primary school children starting January 2008 until present to teach children how to avoid dog attacks and how to behave in case of an attack. In our retrospective study, we analyzed all patients younger than 15 years presenting with dog-related injuries between 2014 and 2018. As the main indicator for success of the prevention measures taken, we have defined the severity of injury in comparison to our previous study. Out of 296 children with dog-related injuries, 212 (71.6%) had sustained a dog bite. In the vast majority (n = 195; 92%), these patients presented with minor injuries; the extremities were most commonly affected (n = 100; 47%). Injuries to the head (n = 95; 45%) and trunk (n = 18; 8%) were less frequent. The proportion of severe injuries (8%) was significantly lower compared to our previous study, where 26% of children presented with severe injuries necessitating surgical intervention, while the number of patients requiring in-hospital treatment declined from 27.5% in the period 1994–2003 to 9.0% in the period between 2014 and 2018 (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Teaching of primary school children may effectively reduce the injury severity of dog bites. What is Known:• Dog bites are a substantial healthcare problem especially in children. What is New:• This study shows that a broad-based prevention program for primary school children can effectively decrease the severity but not the frequency of dog bite injuries in children.

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Pediatric dog bites: a population-based profile

Injury Prevention ◽

10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042621 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 290-294 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jackson Fein ◽

David Bogumil ◽

Jeffrey S Upperman ◽

Rita V Burke

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Data Bank ◽

Population Based ◽

The Body ◽

Body Region ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dog Bites ◽

Severity Of Injury ◽

The Face ◽

At Home

BackgroundPrevious studies have identified risk factors for dog bites in children, but use data from individual trauma centers, with limited generalizability. This study identifies a population risk profile for pediatric dog bites using the National Trauma Data Bank. We hypothesized that the population at risk was younger boys, that such bites occur at home, are moderately severe, and are on the face or neck.MethodsFor this retrospective cross-sectional study, a sample of 7912 children 17 years old and younger with International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 event code E906.0, for dog bites, were identified. Datasets from 2007 to 2014 were used. Data included patient’s gender, age, ICD-9 primary and location E-codes, AIS body region and AIS severity.ResultsMost children were 6–12 years old and female, but a similar number fell into the narrower range of 0–2 years old. Injuries in the younger group frequently occurred at home, on the face and head, and with minor severity. Age of the child predicts the location of incident (P<0.001), the severity of injury (P<0.001) and the body region of the injury (P<0.001). Body region of the injury predicted its severity (P<0.001).DiscussionYounger children are more likely to receive dog bites, and bites incurred are likely of greater severity. Children this young cannot yet be taught how to properly interact with a dog.ConclusionsDog bites are a significant source of morbidity for children. Based on the population risk factors profile generated, this study recommends targeting live dog education towards the parents of young children.

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Pattern and Outcome of Dog Bite Injuries among Children-a Study in 200 Cases

10.47363/jsar/2021(2)131 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Md Waliur Rahman ◽

◽

Md Habibullah Sarkar ◽

Samir Kumar Talukder ◽

Md Joynal Abedin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Problem ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Hospital Treatment ◽

Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽

Dog Bite ◽

Post Exposure ◽

Dog Bites ◽

Exposure Prophylaxis ◽

Bite Injuries

Introduction: Dog bites in humans are a major public health problem. Globally, millions of people are bitten by dogs but most of the fatal cases occur in children. Dog bites in human are a serious public health problem and have been well documented worldwide. As rabies is not a notifiable disease in Bangladesh and most deaths occur in rural areas where surveillance is poor. Objectives: To determine the pattern of dog bite injuries and associated health problems among children. Methods: The study was an observational retrospective study carried out at the Dept. of General Surgery, Chuadanga Sadar Hospital, Chuadanga, Bangladesh. The study reviewed the clinical data of patients managed for dog bite related injuries and rabies over a four and half year period between January 2016 and June 2020. A proforma was designed to extract relevant clinical data from the case records. Information extracted included the age, sex of the victims, site of the bite, time of presentation in the hospital, pre-hospital treatment, hospital treatment including post-exposure prophylaxis and complication. Results: In all, 200 cases of dog bite injuries were managed constituting 0.89% of the total consultations; 5 (2.5%) had rabies. Most of the victims were aged 6-12 years (55.0%) and majority (67.0%) was boys. Eighty two percent of the victims presented within 24hrs of the injury. 92 (46.0%) had WHO grade 3 dog bite injury at presentation and the lower limb was the commonest (56.0%) bite site. Use of herbal preparation was the most common pre-hospital treatment 60%. Although 95.0% received anti-rabies vaccine, only 55.5% of them completed the vaccination schedule. The case fatality rate for dog bite was 5.0%. The 5 that died all presented late, had no post exposure prophylaxis and died within 24 hours of admission. Conclusion: There is need for public enlightenment on dangers associated with dog bites and also for the government to ensure vaccination for cost of post exposure prophylaxis treatment for children free of cost

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Fatal Dog Attacks, 1989-1994

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.97.6.891 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 97 (6) ◽

pp. 891-895

Author(s):

Jeffrey J. Sacks ◽

Randall Lockwood ◽

Janet Hornreicht ◽

Richard W. Sattin

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

The United States ◽

Prior History ◽

Care Providers ◽

Dog Bite ◽

Control Laws ◽

Dog Bites ◽

Pediatric Health Care ◽

Order Of Magnitude

Objectives. To update data on fatal dog bites and see if past trends have continued. Design. To merge data from vital records, the Humane Society of the United States, and searches of electronic news files. Setting. United States. Subjects. U.S. residents dying in the U.S. from 1989 through 1994 from dog bites. Results. We identified 109 dog bite-related fatalities, of which 57% were less than 10 years of age. The death rate for neonates was two orders of magnitude higher than for adults and the rate for children one order of magnitude higher. Of classifiable deaths, 22% involved an unrestrained dog off the owner's property, 18% involved a restrained dog on the owner's property, and 59% involved an unrestrained dog on the owner's property. Eleven attacks involved a sleeping infant; 19 dogs involved in fatal attacks had a prior history of aggression; and 19 of 20 classifiable deaths involved an unneutered dog. Pit bulls, the most commonly reported breed, were involved in 24 deaths; the next most commonly reported breeds were rottweilers (16) and German shepherds (10). Conclusions. The dog bite problem should be reconceptualized as a largely preventable epidemic. Breedspecific approaches to the control of dog bites do not address the issue that many breeds are involved in the problem and that most of the factors contributing to dog bites are related to the level of responsibility exercised by dog owners. To prevent dog bite-related deaths and injuries, we recommend public education about responsible dog ownership and dog bite prevention, stronger animal control laws, better resources for enforcement of these laws, and better reporting of bites. Anticipatory guidance by pediatric health care providers should address dog bite prevention.

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