scholarly journals How many people have been bitten by dogs? A cross-sectional survey of prevalence, incidence and factors associated with dog bites in a UK community

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carri Westgarth ◽  
Megan Brooke ◽  
Robert M Christley
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Point Change ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Records ◽  
Dog Bites ◽  
Related Risk

BackgroundDog bite studies are typically based on hospital records and may be biased towards bites requiring significant medical treatment. This study investigated true dog bite prevalence and incidence at a community-level and victim-related risk factors, in order to inform policy and prevention.MethodsA cross-sectional study of a community of 1280 households in Cheshire, UK, surveyed 694 respondents in 385 households. Data included dog ownership and bite history, demographics, health and personality (Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) brief measure). Multivariable logistic regression modelled risk factors for having ever been bitten by a dog, accounting for clustering of individuals within households.ResultsA quarter of participants (24.78%, 95% CI 21.72 to 28.13) reported having ever been bitten by a dog during their lifetime, with only a third of bites described requiring further medical treatment and 0.6% hospital admission. Incidence of dog bites was 18.7 (11.0–31.8) per 1000 population per year. Males were 1.81 times more likely to have been bitten in their lifetime than females (95% CI 1.20 to 2.72, P=0.005). Current owners of multiple dogs were 3.3 times more likely (95% CI 1.13 to 9.69, P=0.03) to report having been bitten than people not currently owning a dog. Regarding all bites described, most commonly people were bitten by a dog that they had never met before the incident (54.7%). Individuals scoring higher in emotional stability had a lower risk of having ever been bitten (OR=0.77 for 1 point change in scale between 1 and 7, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.9, P=0.001).ConclusionThis study suggests that the real burden of dog bites is considerably larger than those estimated from hospital records. Further, many bites do not require medical treatment and hospital-based bite data are not representative of bites within the wider population. Victim personality requires further investigation and potential consideration in the design of bite prevention schemes.

scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated to Obesity in Cycle-Taxi Drivers of Mexico City’s Historic Downtown

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Luis David Berrones Sanz ◽  
María Guadalupe de Dios Bravo ◽  
Exiquio Cesar González Peña ◽  
Victoria Alejandra Muro Báez
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Taxi Drivers ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Sugary Drinks ◽  
Related Risk

From the perspective of social reproduction, the focus of this study is placed on the collective practice of diet in bike taxi drivers (or rickshaws) of Mexico City’s historic downtown, analyzed as key element in a characteristic pathologic profile observed in health/disease conditions, particularly as the cause for overweight, obesity, dyslipidemias, and factors associated to metabolic syndrome. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with 110 (90.2%) drivers. A survey was used to collect data on diet habits, working conditions and lifestyle. Anthropometric measurements and blood samples were taken to analyze biochemical parameters in order to assess the subjects’ health status and establish obesity-related risk factors. The results reveal that average daily soda consumption is 1.6 liters (54 fl. oz.), an equivalent of 629 kilocalories per day. Vegetables are consumed 3.1 times per week and 65.7 kilograms (145 pounds) of corn tortillas are consumed per year. Obesity is associated to the number of years a person has been driving a bike taxi [χ2(2, N = 99) = 6.747, p = 0.034]. 69.1% is overweight or obese, 63.3% has hypertriglyceridemia and 49.1% meet three or more criteria to be diagnosed with metabolic syndrome according to the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III). Drivers’ intake of sugary drinks and junk food is high, while recommended food intake like vegetables, fruits, legumes and white meat is low. Ongoing campaigns are recommended to promote healthy food intake, avoid sugary drinks intake and facilitate water consumption.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated risk factors of hypertension among persons aged 15–49 in India: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e029714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumitra Ghosh ◽  
Manish Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Life Style Changes ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

ObjectivesThis is the first attempt to provide estimates on the prevalence of hypertension at the national, state and district level, a prerequisite for designing effective interventions. Besides, the study aims to identify the risk factors of hypertension.DesignWe analysed cross-sectional survey data from the fourth round (2015–2016) of National Family Health Survey (NFHS). NFHS was conducted between January 2015 and December 2016, gathering information on a range of indicators including blood pressure. The age adjusted prevalence of hypertension was calculated for state comparison, while multilevel logistic regression analysis was done to assess the correlates of hypertension.Setting and participantsIndia (2015–2016; n=811 917) aged 15–49.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome is hypertension, which has been defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg.ResultsThe age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension in India was 11.3% (95% CI 11.16% to 11.43%) among persons aged between 15 and 49 and was four percentage points higher among males 13.8% (95% CI 13.46% to 14.19%) than among females 10.9% (95% CI 10.79% to 11.06%). Persons in the urban location (12.5%, 95% CI 12.25% to 12.80%) had a marginally higher prevalence than persons in rural location (10.6%, 95% CI 10.50% to 10.78%). The proportion of population suffering from hypertension varied greatly between states, with a prevalence of 8.2% (95% CI 7.58% to 8.85%) in Kerala to 20.3% (95% CI 18.81% to 21.77%) in Sikkim. Advancing age, obesity/overweight, male sex, socioeconomic status and consumption of alcohol were found to be the major predictors of hypertension.ConclusionsHypertension prevalence is now becoming more concentrated among the poor. Policy measures should be taken to improve the hazardous working conditions and growing social pressures of survival responsible for ‘life-style’ changes such as consumption of high calorie food and alcohol.

scholarly journals Incidence and risk factors of surgical site infection following colorectal surgery in China: a national cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xufei Zhang ◽  
Zhiwei Wang ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Peige Wang ◽  
Suming Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Colorectal Surgery ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Expenses ◽  
Related Risk

Abstract Purposes Surgical site infection (SSI) after colorectal surgery is a frequent complication associated with the increase in morbidity, medical expenses, and mortality. To date, there is no nationwide large-scale database of SSI after colorectal surgery in China. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of SSI after colorectal surgery in China and to further evaluate the related risk factors. Methods Two multicenter, prospective, cross-sectional studies covering 55 hospitals in China and enrolling adult patients undergoing colorectal surgery were conducted from May 1 to June 30 of 2018 and the same time of 2019. The demographic and perioperative characteristics were collected, and the main outcome was SSI within postoperative 30 days. Multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to predict risk factors of SSI after colorectal surgery. Results In total, 1046 patients were enrolled and SSI occurred in 74 patients (7.1%). In the multivariate analysis with adjustments, significant factors associated with SSI were the prior diagnosis of hypertension (OR, 1.903; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.088–3.327, P = 0.025), national nosocomial infection surveillance risk index score of 2 or 3 (OR, 3.840; 95% CI, 1.926–7.658, P < 0.001), laparoscopic or robotic surgery (OR, 0.363; 95% CI, 0.200–0.659, P < 0.001), and adhesive incise drapes (OR, 0.400; 95% CI, 0.187–0.855, P = 0.018). In addition, SSI group had remarkably increased length of postoperative stays (median, 15.0 d versus 9.0d, P < 0.001), medical expenses (median, 74,620 yuan versus 57,827 yuan, P < 0.001), and the mortality (4.1% versus 0.3%, P = 0.006), compared with those of non-SSI group. Conclusion This study provides the newest data of SSI after colorectal surgery in China and finds some predictors of SSI. The data presented in our study can be a tool to develop optimal preventive measures and improve surgical quality in China.

scholarly journals Apical periodontitis and related risk factors: Cross-sectional study

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 226-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Correia-Sousa ◽  
Ana Raquel Madureira ◽  
Manuel Fontes Carvalho ◽  
Ana Moura Teles ◽  
Irene Pina-Vaz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Apical Periodontitis ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Risk

scholarly journals Prevalence and distribution of hypertension and related risk factors in Jilin Province, China 2015: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e020126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junduo Wu ◽  
Tianyi Li ◽  
Xianjing Song ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
Yangyu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Jilin Province ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Modifiable Factors

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the prevalence and distribution of hypertension and its related factors in Jilin province, China.DesignA cross-sectional study in four cities and four rural counties in Jilin as part of a national Chinese study.Participants and settingA total of 15 206 participants who were ≥15 years old and were selected using a stratified multistage random sampling method.Main outcome measuresThe prevalence of hypertension.ResultsThe prevalence of hypertension in Jilin province was 24.7%. Moreover, the prevalence of hypertension increased with age in both sexes, and was higher in men than in women. The modifiable factors that were associated with hypertension were body mass index, smoking and alcohol drinking. The risk factors identified are similar to those in southern China, except smoking, which has no association with hypertension prevalence in the South.ConclusionsAge, sex, body mass index, smoking and alcohol drinking were risk factors of hypertension. Control of these related risk factors, especially smoking, may be helpful in the treatment and management of hypertension in Jilin province.

scholarly journals Detection of Anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM Antibodies and Associated Risk Factors during Pregnancy in Southwest Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Shahrzad Soltani ◽  
Ali Dalir Ghaffari ◽  
Mehdi Sagha Kahvaz ◽  
Mohamad Sabaghan ◽  
Marzieh Pashmforosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Southwest Iran

Background. This research was aimed at evaluating the seroprevalence of acute and chronic Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection in pregnant women and related risk factors in southwest Iran. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, eighty-eight pregnant women were included from October 2019 to December 2019. The presence of anti-T. gondii IgM and IgG antibodies was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, a questionnaire consisting of demographic information was completed for each subject. Results. The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii infection was estimated to be 34.09% (30/88). Of these, 1 (1.13%) and 29 (32.95%) samples were found positive for IgM and IgG, respectively. Regarding the risk factors, the consumption of raw/undercooked meat ( P value = 0.007) and history of abortion ( P value = 0.017) were significantly associated with IgG seroprevalence in pregnant women. Conclusion. The results showed that the pregnant women of southwest Iran might be moderately exposed to T. gondii. Since the risk of acute T. gondii infection in this susceptible group is very important, regular screening tests to diagnose the infection are recommended before pregnancy.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Diseases’ Awareness Among Women in Northern Jordan

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Abdulhakeem M Okour ◽  
Rami A Saadeh ◽  
Neda Redwan ◽  
Muhammad Faizal Bin A. Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Objectives

BACKGROUND: Women&rsquo;s awareness of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, is the cornerstone in promoting women&rsquo;s health. Objectives: To examine the relationship of awareness levels about cardiovascular diseases and their related risk factors with demographic information of Jordanian women. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 18 years and older women. Scores of awareness were computed for each individual and were divided into 4 quartiles. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association of demographic information of participants with mean scores of quartiles. ANOVA analysis was used to compare the mean scores of quartiles. RESULTS: A total of 514 women completed the questionnaire, with a mean age of 35.46 (&plusmn;12.53). Current smokers were 6.2%, and 34.6% had a family history of heart disease. The proportion of diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and overweight/obesity were 15.6%, 19.3%, 14.4%, &amp; 21.6% respectively. The mean score for awareness was 12.87 (+ 3.26). Women who had lower income and who were at younger age were more likely to score low in awareness. CONCLUSION: Women illustrated a fair level of awareness of CVD and its related risk factors. Increasing women awareness of CVD through educational programs, targeted toward women at risk, assists in disease prevention and help to improve treatment plans.

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