Saccharification of Sawdust with Aspergillus Niger Cellulase

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-327
Author(s):  
Nelly A. Ndukwe ◽  
J. Boitumelo M. Sibiya ◽  
J. Pieter H. Van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Organic Pollutant ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Kraft Process ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment ◽  
Lagos Lagoon ◽  
C 50 ◽  
Cellulose Component ◽  
Incubation Temperatures

Accumulated sawdust is a major waste product produced by numerous active sawmills around the Lagos Lagoon in Nigeria. The potential of this wood waste as a resource for bio-product development through the hydrolysis of its cellulose component into glucose, a fermentable sugar is not yet appreciated. Not only is the environment exposed to this organic pollutant but the health of humans is also at risk. The cellulose content of wood sawdust from five different tropical tree species dumped along the Lagos lagoon has been saccharified with cellulase from Aspergillus niger. In order to increase the amount of fermentable sugars released from the cellulose content the various sawdust samples have been delignified with the Kraft process and hydrogen peroxide treatment prior to A. niger cellulase catalyzed degradation at incubation temperatures of 30 0C, 400C, 500C and 600C, respectively. The delignification process was successful by triggering an increase in sugar formation during cellulase catalyze hydrolyses of all waste cellulose materials with different amounts of sugar produced from the various celluloses.

scholarly journals Characterization and optimization of extracellular enzymes production by Aspergillus niger strains isolated from date by-products

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reda Bellaouchi ◽  
Houssam Abouloifa ◽  
Yahya Rokni ◽  
Amina Hasnaoui ◽  
Nabil Ghabbour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Enzyme Expression ◽  
Specific Enzyme ◽  
Enzymatic Production ◽  
High Production Rate ◽  
High Production ◽  
Incubation Temperatures ◽  
By Products

Abstract Background This work aims to study the optimal conditions of the fermentation culture medium used for the production of extracellular enzymes (amylase, cellulase, lipase, and protease) from previously isolated Aspergillus niger strains in date by-products. Results The five most powerful isolates selected based on the zone of degradation formed on Petri plates by the substrate were subjected to the quantitative evaluation of their enzymatic production. All five strains showed almost similar API-ZYM profiles, with minor variations observed at the level of some specific enzyme expression. The production of cellulase and amylase was depending on pH and incubation temperatures. ASP2 strain demonstrated the high production rate of amylase (at pH 5 and 30 °C) and cellulase (at pH 6 and 30 °C) for 96 h of incubation. Conclusion The A. niger showed the ability to produce several extracellular enzymes and can be used in the valorization of different agroindustrial residues.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Onion Cultivars for Resistance to Aspergillus niger, the Causal Agent of Black Mold

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swee-Suak Ko ◽  
Jenn-Wen Huang ◽  
Jaw-Fen Wang ◽  
Subramanyam Shanmugasundaram ◽  
Woo-Nang Chang
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Postharvest Disease ◽  
Lesion Diameter ◽  
Screening Protocol ◽  
Black Mold ◽  
Incubation Temperatures

Black mold (BM), caused by Aspergillus niger Tiegh., is a common onion (Allium cepa L.) postharvest disease under hot and humid storage conditions. This study aimed to develop a BM screening protocol, to evaluate onion cultivars for resistance. The effects of pathogen isolate, inoculum density, incubation temperature, and inoculation method on severity of BM were investigated in designing the screening protocol. Variation in virulence was observed and two highly virulent subcultures, An4-2 and An39-3, were selected for study. Disease severity, both in lesion size and sporulation degree, increased with higher inoculum densities and incubation temperatures. In contrast, small lesions and no sporulation were observed when onion scales were inoculated with 1 × 104 spores/mL or incubated at temperatures lower than 20 °C. Inoculation of onion scales or entire bulbs were compared and scale inoculation correlated better with BM incidence in storage. The procedure for BM screening protocol included: wound inoculation of onion slices with 40 μL inoculum suspension of 1 × 105 spores/mL, incubation at 25 °C with 12 hour photoperiod, and rating lesion diameter and sporulation 4 days after inoculation. Using this screening protocol, 42 onion cultivars were evaluated and cultivars with better storability such as `Red Pinoy', `Serrana', `Dehydrator No.3', and `Moonlight' were tolerant to A. niger. These cultivars showed small lesions and no sporulation during screening. On the other hand, cultivars with poor storability like `Texas Early Grano 502', `Granex 429', and `Explorer' exhibited larger lesions with profuse sporulation. Lesion diameter caused by the scale inoculation correlated significantly with bulb storage loss (r = 0.51, P < 0.01) as well as with bulb dry matter (r = -0.48, P < 0.01) and total soluble solids (r = - 0.51, P < 0.01). The screening protocol and tolerant materials are now successfully used in the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center onion breeding program for resistance to black mold.

scholarly journals PEMBUATAN NITROSELULOSA DARI BERBAGAI PULP LARUT KOMERSIAL SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PROPELAN

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederikus Tunjung Seta ◽  
Susi Sugesty ◽  
Teddy Kardiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Dissolving Pulp ◽  
Nitrogen Level ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Formula One ◽  
Kraft Process ◽  
Dissolving Pulps

One effort to overcome the limited cotton is the use of dissolving pulp or rayon pulp with high α-cellulose content. The aim of this research is to study the nitration process of cellulose from various commercial dissolved pulp into nitrocellulose, which is a material for Propellant Nitro Cellulose (PNC). The most important parameter in the preparation of propellant is nitrogen level, which should be higher than 12,75%. The dissolving pulps from softwood sulfite process (A), hardwood kraft process (B), and hardwood sulfite process (C) were pre-treated before nitration process, namely ball mill, willey mill, and blender. Nitrocellulose was made using two types of formulas, which were formula one (HNO3:HNO3 Fumming:H2SO4 = 1:3:12) and formula two  (HNO3:HNO3 Fumming:H2SO4 = 1:1.25:4). The results showed that the preparation of nitrocellulose from dissolving pulp A using blender pretreatment and formula two provided the highest nitrogen level (14.05%). The burn test of nitrocellulose met the smokeless specifications. Furthermore, the functional groups test by FTIR showed the presence of nitro group.Keywords: dissolving pulp, nitrocellulose, propellant, nitrogen content, nitration process  ABSTRAK Salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi ketersediaan kapas yang terbatas adalah dengan menggunakan pulp larut atau pulp rayon yaitu pulp dengan kandungan α-selulosa yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari formula dan bahan baku yang paling baik untuk pembuatan nitroselulosa sebagai bahan Propellant Nitro Cellulose (PNC) dengan menggunakan berbagai jenis pulp larut komersial. Parameter yang terpenting dalam pembuatan propelan adalah kadar nitrogen harus lebih dari 12,75%. Sebelum proses nitrasi, dilakukan beberapa cara perlakuan awal yaitu menggunakan ballmill, willeymill, dan blender terhadap pulp larut dari jenis kayujarum proses sulfit (A), kayudaun proses kraft (B), dan kayudaun proses sulfit (C). Nitroselulosa dibuat menggunakan dua jenis formula yaitu formula 1 (HNO3:HNO3  Fumming:H2SO4= 1:3:12) dan formula 2 (HNO3:HNO3 Fumming:H2SO4= 1:1,25:4). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembuatan nitroselulosa dari pulp larut A dengan perlakuan awal blender dan menggunakan formula 2 memberikan kadar nitrogen yang paling besar yaitu sekitar 14,05%. Sedangkan uji nyala nitroselulosa memenuhi spesifikasi smokeless dan uji gugus fungsi dengan FTIR menunjukkan adanya gugus nitro.Kata kunci: pulp larut, nitroselulosa, propelan, kadar nitrogen, proses nitrasi

scholarly journals Microbial production of 2,3-butanediol from rice husk using anaerobic Clostridium species

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-262
Author(s):  
A. Sanusi ◽  
A.A. Farouq ◽  
A.Y. Bazata ◽  
A.D. Ibrahim ◽  
I. Mas’ud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Major Fatty Acid ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Microbial Production ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Clostridium Species

Interest in the area of biomass based-product production is increasing all over the world due to the environmental challenges posed by fossil fuel and fear of its extinction. Production of biofuel and other compounds especially from agricultural waste can reduce these environmental problems because of its sustainability and environmentally friendliness. One of the major petrochemical product widely used in many industries is 2,3-butanediol and was found to be produced from agricultural wastes by microorganisms. Therefore, Microbial production of 2,3-butanediol from rice husk using Clostridium species was investigated in this research. Structural composition of the rice husk was determined before and after pretreatment. Hemicellulose and lignin content of rice husk was determined after extraction while cellulose was determined as the difference from the extractives, hemicelluloses and lignin. Dilute (2%) NaOH was used for the pretreatment of rice husk. Hydrolysis was carried out using Aspergillus niger and reducing sugar released was determined using standard method with UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Clostridium species was isolated from sugarcane bagasse, identified using basic morphological and molecular biology techniques. The fermentation of rice husk was performed using the Clostridium species. Fermentation by-product was determined using Gas Chromatography Mass-spectrometry. Cellulose content increased from 32% before pretreatment to 53.3% after pretreatment, lignin increased from 8.4% before pretreatment to 30.7% after pretreatmemt and hemicellulose decreased from 30% before pretreatment to 8% after pretreatment. A total of 1.05 g/l of reducing sugar was released after enzymatic hydrolysis of the rice husk with Aspergillus niger. Alcohol 2,3-butanediol (0.6%) and Furfuryl alcohol (0.45%) were detected in the by-product of fermentation. Other compounds detected are fatty acids that ranges from C16 to C25 with 9,12-Octadecanoic acid as the major fatty acid. From the results of this work, Rice husk was found to have substantial amount of sugar (cellulose and hemicelluce) that can be converted to valuable product including 2,3-butanediol. Keywords: Biofuel, Bio-refinary, Cellulose, Clostrudium, fermentation.

scholarly journals Researching of features byosinthesis beta-glucans in the micelial mass Aspergillus niger and in non-conditional cereal grains

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-222
Author(s):  
B. S. Manzhieva ◽  
N. Y. Sharova
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Beta Glucans ◽  
Mycelial Mass ◽  
Promising Source

At the moment, it seems relevant to process mycelial mass as a waste product of citric acid and substandard grain, since there is a problem of recycling production waste. In turn, waste processing makes it possible to isolate a number of unique compounds, such as glucan and chitin. Of interest is the cell wall of micromycetes. Its main structural polysaccharides (chitin and glucan) form a complex called the chitin-glucan complex. Moreover, the content of chitin in micromycetes is higher than in traditional raw materials - shells of marine crustaceans. The mycelial mass of Aspergillus niger micromycete is a promising source of glucan and chitin. Aspergillus niger biomass and substandard cereal grains contain soluble dietary fiber-beta-glucans. They help reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease by lowering cholesterol, control blood glucose, which is very important for patients with diabetes. In addition, because of the ability of beta-glucans to form viscous gels, these chemicals slow down the absorption of sugars. Due to this, there is a decrease in the glycemic index of products. Of greatest interest are glucans of microbial origin. In addition to structural features (more functionally active ?-1,3 / 1,6-bonds), the advantage of beta-glucans derived from biomass is a higher quantitative yield of soluble forms, which are interesting not only in the food industry, but also in medicine . The aim of this work is to study the effect of various carbon sources (raw materials) on the biosynthesis of glucan-containing compounds and their derivatives Aspergillus niger micromycetes. As a result of studies, it was found that the biomass on the corn starch hydrolyzate is the most effective, it contains a high content of beta-glucans.

scholarly journals Partial Purification and Characterisation of Pectinase Produced by Aspergillus niger LFP-1 Grown on Pomelo Peels as a Substrate

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Mohd Taufiq Mat Jalil ◽  
◽  
Darah Ibrahim ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Crude Enzyme ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Anion Exchange Column ◽  
C 50

In the present study, pectinase was produced by local fungal isolate, Aspergillus niger LFP-1 grown on pomelo peels as a sole carbon source under solid-state fermentation (SSF). The purification process begins with the concentration of crude enzyme using ammonium sulfate precipitation and followed by purification using anion-exchange column chromatography (DEAE-Sephadex) and subsequently using gel filtration column chromatography (Sephadex G-100). On the other hand, the molecular weight of the purified enzyme was determined through SDS-PAGE. The findings revealed the crude enzyme was purified up to 75.89 folds with a specific activity of 61.54 U/mg and the final yield obtained was 0.01%. The molecular mass of the purified pectinase was 48 kDa. The optimum pH and temperature were 3.5 and 50°C, respectively. This enzyme was stable at a range of pH 3.5 to 4.5 and a relatively high temperature (40°C–50°C) for 100 min. The Km and Vmax were found to be 3.89 mg/mL and 1701 U/mg, respectively. Meanwhile, pectin from citrus fruit and the metal ion (Co2+) were the best substrate and inducer to enhance pectinase yield, respectively.

scholarly journals Pemurnian alfa-selulosa dari baglog bekas jamur tiram putih (Pleurotus ostreatus) menggunakan NaOH dan hidrolisis sulfat (Purification of alpha-cellulose from ex-baglog of white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) using NaOH and sulfate hydrolysis)

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyakansa HANIF ◽  
TRI - PANJI ◽  
Firda DIMAWARNITA ◽  
I Made ARTIKA
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Oyster Mushroom ◽  
Wave Number ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Fresh Fruit Bunch ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Cellulose Component

Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) are the largest cellulose waste produced by oil palm plantations. Each processing of one ton of Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) will produce OPEFB as much as 22-23% or 220-230 kg. OPEFB waste has not been utilized optimally by most palm oil mills and communities. It was reported that OPEFB contains 32.57% cellulose, 27.70% hemicellulose, and 26.49% lignin. The purity of cellulose component in OPEFB can be increased by delignification and hydrolysis of OPEFB. This research aims to produce alpha-cellulose from OPEFB with the highest purity level. The stages of the process include biologically delignification using white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus), chemical delignification using 17,5% NaOH solution, and combination of treatment using solution of 17,5% NaOH and hydrolysis using 10% H2SO4solution. The analysis was carried out using the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The best result of alpha-cellulose purity was by the treatment of delignified NaOH baglog resulting in 97.43% alpha-cellulose content, 4.47% pentosan hemicellulose level, and undetectable lignin levels.The results of FT-IR spectrum from alpha-cellulose obtained from OPEFB has shown functional groups contained in alpha-cellulose polymers including O-H groups at wave number 3289 cm-1, C-H groups at wave number 2901 cm-1, and functional groups C-O at wave number 1372 cm-1.[Key words: hydrolysis, FT-IR, mushroom, bleaching, waste]  Abstrak Tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) adalah limbah terbesar yang dihasilkan oleh perkebunan kelapa sawit. Setiap pengolahan satu ton tandan buah segar (TBS) akan dihasilkan TKKS sebanyak 22-23% atau 220-230 kg. Limbah TKKS belum dimanfaatkan secara optimaloleh sebagian besar pabrik kelapa sawit (PKS) dan masyarakat. Dari hasil analisis kimiakomposisi selulosa, hemiselulosa, dan lignin pada TKKSsecara berturut-turut ialah ; 32,57%, 27,70%, 26,49%. Kandungan komponen selulosa dalam TKKSdapat ditingkatkan kemurniannya dengan cara delignifikasi dan hidrolisis. Penelitian ini bertujuan pemurnian alfa–selulosa dari TKKS dengan tingkat kemurnian tertinggi.Tahapan pembuatan alfa-selulosameliputi delignifikasi secara biologis menggunakan jamur tiramputih(Pleurotus ostreatus), delignifikasi secara kimia menggunakan larutan NaOH 17,5%, dan kombinasi perlakuan menggunakan NaOH 17,5% dan larutanH2SO410%. Analisis dilakukan menggunakanFourier Transform Infrared Spektroscopy (FT-IR). Hasil pemurnian alfa-selulosa terbaik ialah melalui sisa baglog terdelignifikasi NaOH menghasilkan kadar alfa-selulosa 97.43%, kadar pentosan hemiselulosa 4.47%, serta kadar lignin tidak terdeteksi. Hasil spektrumFT-IR darialfa–selulosayang diperoleh dari TKKStelahmenunjukkan gugus-gugus fungsi yangterdapat di dalam polimeralfa–selulosadiantaranyagugus O-H pada bilangan gelombang 3289 cm-1,  gugus C-H pada bilangangelombang2901cm-1, dan gugus fungsi C-O pada bilangan gelombang 1372 cm-1. [Kata kunci: hidrolisis, FT-IR, jamur, pemutihan, limbah]

scholarly journals Lignocellulosic Processing with Acid Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis for Improving the Acquisition of Sugar Fermentation

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuniek Hendrianie ◽  
Sri Rahmania Juliastuti ◽  
Moch. Izati Iwani ◽  
Affrida Eka
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Trichoderma Reesei ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Mixture Ratio ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Sugar Fermentation

Banana peels is a waste which has not been widely used, so that the relatively long time the existence of such waste brings its own problems such as pollution. Banana peels contain high enough lignocellulosic and can be degraded into simpler forms. The Lignin content of banana peels needs to be removed / destroyed structure. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the addition ratio of Trichoderma reseei and Aspergillus niger on hydrolysis liquefaction and saccharification time in stage hydrolysis to glucose produced with the highest glucose parameters. In this study, the method was used to degrade lignin by using sulfuric acid (2%). Afterward, the cellulose content was changed in liquefaction process. Hydrolysis liquefaction performed using Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei with a mixture ratio of 1: 0, 0: 1, 1: 1 and 1: 2. Furthermore, substrate hydrolysis liquefaction saccharification going through the process of hydrolysis to increase glucose levels were formed. Hydrolysis liquefaction aims to change the content of starch in the banana skin into glucose using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as the addition of 20% (v / v). Hydrolysis process of liquefaction is done by varying the sampling time on day - 3, 6, and 9. In this study the hydrolysis of liquefaction of banana peels use a mixture of Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus niger 2:1 at a temperature of 50oC, pH 5, and 64 h for resulted in glucose with the best content was 0.52%. In addition, the results showed that the hydrolysis saccharification with the addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae glucose levels were highest on day 3 with a temperature of 30oC and pH 5, resulting in glucose content to 1.63%.

scholarly journals BIOKONVERSI BAHAN BERLIGNOSELULOSA MENJADI BIOETANOL MENGGUNAKAN Aspergillus niger DAN Saccharomyces cereviciae

PERENNIAL ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Daud ◽  
Wasrin Safii ◽  
Khaswar Syamsu
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification And Fermentation ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Lignocellulosic Materials ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Paraserianthes Falcataria ◽  
Kraft Process ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification

This study aims to determine the feseability of bioethanol production from lignocellulosic material by using simulataneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) processes with Aspergillus niger dan Saccharomyces cereviciae. Three different lignocellulosic materials namely sengon wood (Paraserianthes falcataria), gmelina wood (Gmelina arborea), pinus wood and (Pinus merkusii) were pretreated using kraft process to remove lignin content. Then, pulp was treated by using SSF processes. SSF runs were performed in 500 ml fermentors using a total slurry 200 ml. The substrate and nutrient media were autoclaved (121 oC and 20 minutes). The samples diluted to 2.5 % (w v-1) of total slurry was used as substrate. The substrate was added with 10 % (v v-1) A. niger (6.5 x 107 CFU cc-1) of total slurry and then inoculated with 10 % (v v-1) yeast S. cereviciae (1.5 x 109 CFU cc-1). The SSF experiments were run for 96 hours and the data were investigated periodically every 24 hours. The results showed that total of sugar and reducing sugar tended to decrease with time of inoculation whereas ethanol concentration increase significantly. The growth of A. niger and yeast S. cereviciae tended to incease in initial inoculation and decrease by the end of inoculation. The bioethanol concentration on sengon, gmelina, and pinus were 0.53, 0.45 and 0.31 % respectively and produced yields 3.61, 4.60 and 4.16% respectively. Key words: bioethanol, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, Aspergillus niger, Saccharomyces cereviciae

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