Waste Flow, Recycling, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions: a Case Study of the Comparative Environmental Impact of Recycling Approaches on a College Campus

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-455
Author(s):  
Patrick Caton ◽  
Howard Ernst ◽  
Karen Flack ◽  
Joseph Smith ◽  
Kurtis Swope
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Waste Stream ◽  
Carbon Equivalent ◽  
Naval Academy ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Waste Flow ◽  
One Year

Municipal solid waste flow was modeled and measured at the U.S. Naval Academy to understand not only the movement of waste, but also the policies and economic incentives that have led to the current waste management plan at the Academy. The study contains four primary thrusts: regulatory policies, waste production and recycling levels, collection and sorting processes, and disposal and material recovery. Waste hauling data for a one-year period in 2017-2018 showed that the institution generated approximately 300 tons of total waste each month and recycled approximately 11-15% of that waste. From directly measuring waste across campus, approximately 36% of the non-recyclable waste stream contains recyclable materials. Most recyclable materials that ended up in the non-recyclable waste stream were plastics and cans, and came from academic spaces. However, a test academic space that gave access to waste bins only conjoined with recycling bins showed a substantial reduction in recycling infiltrating the non-recyclable waste stream. The study also shows how the handling of waste has evolved over recent years. Since the mid-2000s, the Academy has shifted to relying on contractors to sort and transport waste. Currently, five private contracting agencies are utilized in the waste flow stream after materials leave the Academy. To assess environmental impact, a life cycle assessment model was constructed based on the movement of waste to estimate the possible effects of the current recycling program on carbon equivalent emissions. The results indicate that current practices result in over 500 metric tons of carbon equivalent savings over the long-term during the one-year measurement period. The model also shows that by reducing recycling infiltrates into the waste stream, an additional 1000 metric tons of carbon equivalent savings are possible. Economic incentives were evaluated at each of the four sections of the waste process model, and analysis suggests that focusing on behavioral change strategies at the waste generation and initial collection and sorting levels holds the best promise for increasing levels of recycling, reducing landfilled waste, and reducing net carbon emissions in accordance with DOD policy goals.

Fast Tracks and Inner Journeys: Crafting Portable Selves for Contemporary Careers

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianpiero Petriglieri ◽  
Jennifer Louise Petriglieri ◽  
Jack Denfeld Wood
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Cultural Influence ◽  
Business Administration ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self In Relation ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
One Year ◽  
Mobile Working ◽  
Over Time

Through a longitudinal, qualitative study of 55 managers engaged in mobile careers across organizations, industries, and countries, and pursuing a one-year international master’s of business administration (MBA), we build a process model of the crafting of portable selves in temporary identity workspaces. Our findings reveal that contemporary careers in general, and temporary membership in an institution, fuel people’s efforts to craft portable selves: selves endowed with definitions, motives, and abilities that can be deployed across roles and organizations over time. Two pathways for crafting a portable self—one adaptive, the other exploratory—emerged from the interaction of individuals’ aims and concerns with institutional resources and demands. Each pathway involved developing a coherent understanding of the self in relation to others and to the institution that anchored participants to their current organization while preparing them for future ones. The study shows how institutions that host members temporarily can help them craft selves that afford a sense of agentic direction and enduring connection, tempering anxieties and bolstering hopes associated with mobile working lives. It also suggests that institutions serving as identity workspaces for portable selves may remain attractive and extend their cultural influence in an age of workforce mobility.

scholarly journals Environmental Comparison of Energy Solutions for Heating and Cooling

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 7051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Franzén ◽  
Linnéa Nedar ◽  
Maria Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Three Solutions ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Energy Flows ◽  
One Year

Humanity faces several environmental challenges today. The planet has limited resources, and it is necessary to use these resources effectively. This paper examines the environmental impact of three energy solutions for the heating and cooling of buildings. The solutions are conventional district heating and cooling, a smart energy solution for heating and cooling (ectogrid™), and geothermal energy. The ectogrid™ balances energy flows with higher and lower temperatures to reduce the need for supplied energy. The three solutions have been studied for Medicon Village, which is a district in the city of Lund in Sweden. The study shows that the energy use for the conventional system is 12,250 MWh for one year, and emissions are 590 tons of CO2 equivalents. With ectogrid™, the energy use is reduced by 61%, and the emissions are reduced by 12%, compared to the conventional system. With geothermal energy, the energy use is reduced by 70%, and the emissions by 20%. An analysis is also made in a European context, with heating based on natural gas and cooling based on air conditioners. The study shows that the environmental impact would decrease considerably by replacing the carbon dioxide intensive solution with ectogrid™ or geothermal energy.

Random number generator or sewer water quality model?

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 387-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Willems
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessment ◽  
Random Number Generator ◽  
River System ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Integrated Modelling ◽  
Water Quality Modelling ◽  
Quality Model

Integrated urban drainage modelling and environmental impact assessment require sewer emission models to be linked with submodels for treatment infrastructure and receiving rivers. The uncertainty in current water quality modelling is, however, huge, and environmental impact assessment looses more and more credibility. Based on an integrated modelling case for a combined sewer – WWTP – river system, it is shown in the paper that the integrated model does not produce more accurate results in comparison with the random simulation of emission concentrations from a frequency distribution. This should, however, not pose a serious problem as in most applications of impact assessment, model results are not needed in real time but in statistical terms. Further investigation makes clear that detail/sophistication in water quality modelling is not so important, but that more focus has to be given to long-term simulations, the use of parsimonious models and model validation based on concentration frequencies.

Evaluation of the Impact of Process Modeling on Opportunity Loss/Gain in a Manufacturing Environment

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Gadalla ◽  
Mohamed Seif
Keyword(s):  
Process Modeling ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Competitive Edge ◽  
Thermal Growth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Free Form Surfaces

Process modeling is a very common research area in the field of manufacturing engineering. Examples of process modeling in machining include cutting forces, tool wear, machine thermal growth. Very few research has been done to demonstrate the impact they could have to improve a competitive edge of a company. In this paper, a model based on Monto Carlo simulation has been developed to provide an assessment tool for the impact of a process modeling on the competitive edge in an industrial setting. The competiveness is assessed as an improvement in quality by decreasing the defect rate, or as an opportunity to reduce losses if the process model has been developed or used. Finally, a case study based on an error compensation schema to eliminate the cutting tool deflection errors when machining free form surfaces is used to demonstrate the use and the benefits of a proposed assessment model.

scholarly journals HoneyNetCloud Investigation Model, A Preventive Process Model for IoT Forensics

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-327
Author(s):  
Jayakrishnan Anilakkad Raman ◽  
Vasanthi Varadharajan
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
Iot Security ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Preventive Method ◽  
One Year ◽  
Investigative Process ◽  
Investigation Process

With the pervasive usage of sensing systems and IoT things, the importance of security has increased. Attempts towards breaching IoT security systems by attackers are on upsurge. Many intrusions in embedded systems, sensing equipment and IoT things have occurred in the past. Though there are cyber security tools like Antivirus, Intrusion detection and prevention systems available for securing the digital devices and its networks. However, a forensic methodology to be followed for the analysis and investigation to detect origin cause of network incidents is lacking. This paper derives a comprehensive preventive cyber forensic process model with honeypots for the digital IoT investigation process which is formal, that can assist in the court of law in defining the reliability of the investigative process. One year data of various attacks to the IoT network has been recorded by the honeypots for this study. The newly derived model HIM has been validated using various methods and instead of converging on a particular aspect of investigation, it details the entire lifecycle of IoT forensic investigation. The model is targeted to address the forensic analysts’ requirements and the need of legal fraternity for a forensic model. The process model follows a preventive method which reduce further attacks on network.

scholarly journals Drying Bed Volume Design Analysis for Reducing Environmental Impact of WTP Residuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-294
Author(s):  
Deasy Ambar Sari ◽  
Budi Kamulyan ◽  
Bambang Triatmodjo
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Coagulant Dosage ◽  
One Year ◽  
Dried Sludge

Sand Drying Bed (SDB) is designed for reducing the potential environmental impact caused by Water Treatment Plants – WTP residuals. Currently, the technical document of SNI (Indonesian National Standard) is still difficult to be applied by the engineer in determining required SDB’s volume based on WTP’s capacity and raw water conditions. The purpose of this research is to analyze WTP’s sludge production for designing SDB’s volume. The research was taken place at Pajangan WTP (50 l/s capacity) and Bantar System of Kartamantul WTP (400 l/s capacity) in Yogyakarta Special Province, which use Progo River as raw water source. The data used in the analysis is raw water turbidity compilation data, TSS (Total Suspended Solid) fluctuations rate of raw water, coagulant dosage used, specific gravity range of dried sludge and imhoff settling ratio based on laboratory tests. The results obtained show that one-year production of dry sludge on Pajangan WTP Unit is estimated to reach 244.55 m3/year from the total number of WTP residual (water and sludge) produced of around 43,158.52 m3/year. Meanwhile, the dry sludge produced on Kartamantul WTP Unit is estimated to reach 1,550.49 m3/year from the total number of WTP residual produced of around 273,635.22 m3/year. Then, each of Pajangan and Kartamantul WTP unit produced about 2.365 m3/day and 1.874 m3/day sludge for every 1 liter/second of raw water. This large amount of sludge leads the SDB has to be better designed.

scholarly journals DESIGN-FOR-COST-AND-ENVIRONMENT: ONTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON OF SERVICE REPRESENTATION APPROACHES

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 2197-2206
Author(s):  
M. Villanueva ◽  
B. Yannou ◽  
Y. Leroy ◽  
F. Cluzel ◽  
M. Vautier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Business Process Model ◽  
Process Chain ◽  
Financial Cost ◽  
Service Companies ◽  
Ecological Responsibility ◽  
Design For Cost ◽  
Ontological Analysis ◽  
Similarities And Differences

AbstractBrought by the need for competent approaches to assess the financial cost and environmental impact towards service design-for-cost-and-environment, this paper investigates on the following service representation approaches: Service Blueprinting, Process Chain Network, Business Process Model & Notation, and Customer Journey Mapping. An ontological analysis further compares their similarities and differences. Lastly, a table summarizes the findings, were further insights could be drawn to help service companies be more aware of both their spending and ecological responsibility.

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