scholarly journals Quantifying Landscape Structure of the Kelantan River Basin Before and After a Major Flood Event Using Landscape Metrics

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
H.Y. Abdul
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Flood Event ◽  
Northeast Monsoon ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Kelantan River Basin ◽  
The Impact

Over the years, flood is one of the natural hazards which occur all over the world and it is critical to be controlled through proper management. Flood in Kelantan is mainly caused by heavy rainfall brought by the Northeast monsoon starting from November to March every year. It is categorized as annual flood as it occurs every year during the Monsoon season. Severe flood events in Kelantan, Malaysia cause damage to both life and property every year and understanding landscape structure changes is very important for planners and decision makers for future land use planning and management. This research aims to quantify the landscape structure near to Kelantan River basin during the flood event using integrated approach of remote sensing (RS), geographic information system (GIS) technique and landscape ecological approach. As a result, this study provide new knowledge on landscape structure that contributes to understand the impact of flood events and provide the best ways to mitigate flooding for helping to protect biodiversity habitat and dwellers. As conclusions, this kind of study will give more benefits to various stakeholders such as Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Department of Environment, state government, fisherman and communities.

scholarly journals Understanding Future Water Challenges in a Highly Regulated Indian River Basin—Modelling the Impact of Climate Change on the Hydrology of the Upper Narmada

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Rickards ◽  
Thomas Thomas ◽  
Alexandra Kaelin ◽  
Helen Houghton-Carr ◽  
Sharad K. Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Global Circulation Models ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Availability Assessment

The Narmada river basin is a highly regulated catchment in central India, supporting a population of over 16 million people. In such extensively modified hydrological systems, the influence of anthropogenic alterations is often underrepresented or excluded entirely by large-scale hydrological models. The Global Water Availability Assessment (GWAVA) model is applied to the Upper Narmada, with all major dams, water abstractions and irrigation command areas included, which allows for the development of a holistic methodology for the assessment of water resources in the basin. The model is driven with 17 Global Circulation Models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) ensemble to assess the impact of climate change on water resources in the basin for the period 2031–2060. The study finds that the hydrological regime within the basin is likely to intensify over the next half-century as a result of future climate change, causing long-term increases in monsoon season flow across the Upper Narmada. Climate is expected to have little impact on dry season flows, in comparison to water demand intensification over the same period, which may lead to increased water stress in parts of the basin.

scholarly journals Evaluation of bias-adjusted satellite precipitation estimations for extreme flood events in Langat river basin, Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Zhen Xiang Soo ◽  
Wan Zurina Wan Jaafar ◽  
Sai Hin Lai ◽  
Faridah Othman ◽  
Ahmed Elshafie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Bias Correction ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Rainfall Threshold ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Northeast Monsoon ◽  
Satellite Precipitation ◽  
Extreme Floods ◽  
Extreme Flood ◽  
Langat River

Abstract Even though satellite precipitation products have received an increasing amount of attention in hydrology and meteorology, their estimations are prone to bias. This study investigates the three approaches of bias correction, i.e., linear scaling (LS), local intensity scaling (LOCI) and power transformation (PT), on the three advanced satellite precipitation products (SPPs), i.e., CMORPH, TRMM and PERSIANN over the Langat river basin, Malaysia by focusing on five selected extreme floods due to northeast monsoon season. Results found the LS scheme was able to match the mean precipitation of every SPP but does not correct standard deviation (SD) or coefficient of variation (CV) of the estimations regardless of extreme floods selected. For LOCI scheme, only TRMM and CMORPH estimations in certain floods have showed some improvement in their results. This might be due to the rainfall threshold set in correcting process. PT scheme was found to be the best method as it improved most of the statistical performances as well as the rainfall distribution of the floods. Sensitivity of the parameters used in the bias correction is also investigated. PT scheme is found to be least sensitive in correcting the daily SPPs compared to the other two schemes. However, careful consideration should be given for correcting the CMORPH and PERSIANN estimations.

scholarly journals Examining the effects of urban agglomeration polders on flood events in Qinhuai River basin, China with HEC-HMS model

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 2130-2138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqin Gao ◽  
Yu Yuan ◽  
Huaizhi Wang ◽  
Arthur R. Schmidt ◽  
Kexuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Urban Agglomeration ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Peak Flows ◽  
Flood Volume ◽  
Control Pattern ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Qinhuai River

The urban agglomeration polders type of flood control pattern is a general flood control pattern in the eastern plain area and some of the secondary river basins in China. A HEC-HMS model of Qinhuai River basin based on the flood control pattern was established for simulating basin runoff, examining the impact of urban agglomeration polders on flood events, and estimating the effects of urbanization on hydrological processes of the urban agglomeration polders in Qinhuai River basin. The results indicate that the urban agglomeration polders could increase the peak flow and flood volume. The smaller the scale of the flood, the more significant the influence of the polder was to the flood volume. The distribution of the city circle polder has no obvious impact on the flood volume, but has effect on the peak flow. The closer the polder is to basin output, the smaller the influence it has on peak flows. As the level of urbanization gradually improving of city circle polder, flood volumes and peak flows gradually increase compared to those with the current level of urbanization (the impervious rate was 20%). The potential change in flood volume and peak flow with increasing impervious rate shows a linear relationship.

Hydrological response of the Pampanga River Basin in the Philippines to intense tropical cyclone rainfall

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhonalyn V. Macalalad ◽  
Roy A. Badilla ◽  
Olivia C. Cabrera ◽  
Gerry Bagtasa
Keyword(s):  
Critical Level ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Flood Forecasting ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Northeast Monsoon ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Accumulated Rainfall

AbstractThe Philippines is frequently affected by tropical cyclones (TCs) and understanding the flood response of the PRB from TC-induced rain is needed in effective disaster risk management. As large uncertainties remain in TC rain forecasting, we propose a simple checklist method for flood forecasting of the PRB which depends on the general TC track, season, and accumulated rainfall. To this end, flood events were selected based on the alert, alarm, and critical river height levels established by the PhilippineAtmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical ServicesAdministration (PAGASA). Results show that all flood events in the PRB were induced by TCs. All intense TCs that directly traversed the PRB resulted in critical level floods. These TCs also had the shortest flood onset of 7-27 hours from alert to critical level. Flooding from distant landfalling TCs, on the other hand, are dependent on season. TCs traversing north (south) of the PRB induced flooding only during the southwest (northeast) monsoon season. These TCs can raise water levels from alert to critical in 11 to 48 hours. Remote precipitation from non-landfalling TCs can also induce critical level flooding but with a longer onset time of 59 hours. These results indicate that a simple checklist method can serve as a useful tool for flood forecasting in regions with limited data and forecasting resources.

Reframing Floods: Consequences for Urban Riverfront Developments in Northwest Europe

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jos Spits ◽  
Barrie Needham ◽  
Toine Smits ◽  
Twan Brinkhof
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
High Water ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
Northwest Europe ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
The Impact

Many historical cities are built alongside rivers. Floodplains were attractive sites for urban expansion. However, the flood events since the 1990's have shown that many urban settlements are under flood risk. This research investigates how flood management and land use planning policies have changed after high water and (near)floods in the Netherlands, Germany, and France. In particular, it investigates how changing policies affect the development of urban riverfronts. Policy documents have been analyzed from all three countries and case studies illustrate the impact of changing policies on concrete developments.

scholarly journals Potential of the coupled WRF-Hydro modeling system for flood forecasting in the Ouémé-river basin (Benin, West Africa): an assessment with the Stochastic Kinetic-Energy Backscatter Scheme

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gandome Mayeul Leger Davy Quenum ◽  
Joël Arnault ◽  
Nana Ama Klutse ◽  
Philip Oguntunde ◽  
Harald Kunstmann
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Flood Forecasting ◽  
Atmospheric Modeling ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Flood Event ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Extreme Flood ◽  
Fully Coupled

Since 2000s, most of West-African countries and particularly Benin have experienced an increased frequency of extreme flood events. In this study we focus on the case of the Ouémé-river basin in Benin for the period 2008-2010. To investigate on how to early warn flood events in this basin, the coupled atmosphere-hydrology model system WRF-Hydro is selected. Such a coupled model allows to explore the contribution of atmospheric components into the flood event, and its ability to simulate and predict accurate streamflow. The potential of WRF-Hydro in correctly simulating streamflow in the Ouémé-river basin is assessed by forcing the model with operational analysis datasets from the ECMWF. Atmospheric and land surface processes are resolved at a spatial resolution of 5km. The additional surface and subsurface water flow routing is computed at a resolution 1:10. Key parameters of the hydrological module of WRF-Hydro are calibrated offline, and tested online with the coupled WRF-Hydro. The uncertainty of atmospheric modeling on coupled results is assessed with the stochastic kinetic-energy backscatter scheme (SKEBS). WRF-Hydro is able to simulate the discharge in Ouémé river on offline and fully-coupled modes with a Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE) around 0.70 and 076 respectively. In fully-coupled mode the model captures the flood event that occurred in 2010. A stochastic perturbation ensemble of 10 members for three rain seasons shows that the coupled model performance in terms of KGE is from 0.14 to 0.79. This ability in realistically reproducing observed discharge in the Ouémé-river basin demonstrates the potential of the coupled WRF-Hydro modeling system for future flood forecasting applications.

Evaluation of Environmental Efficiency of Runoff Responsibility Distribution from the Perspective of Equity and Efficiency

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Kuan Ling ◽  
Chang Hsueh Sheng ◽  
Cheng Hao Teng
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Spatial Unit ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

<p>In recent years, the risk of flooding disasters caused by climate change has increased, and a new concept of runoff sharing has been proposed in China. It is an operation method based on the area of ​​the catchment from the perspective of water conservancy. However, the basin area is also a spatial unit of human economic activity. Social and economic development and the distribution of runoff responsibilities clearly show a mutual measurement relationship, and the land has a certain social responsibility to handle its own runoff. How can it be distributed fairly and efficiently? The issue of responsibility for runoff sharing has become an important issue for joint initiatives in the field of soil and water. </p><p> </p><p>In the case of considering the watershed as a spatial scope, in addition to considering its own hydrological properties, there are also socioeconomic development issues that should be clarified and discussed step by step. Therefore, this study attempts to use the three-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) method to consider hydrology The concept of interaction with the socio-economic environment takes into account the impact of exogenous factors on the allocation of runoff responsibility, and evaluates the efficiency of runoff responsibility. In view of this, from the standpoint of the government and residents sharing the runoff, this study effectively combines the different types of data of the social, economic, and ecological environments in the catchment areas to carry out a comprehensive assessment, and weighs out the optimal distribution efficiency of the overall river basin. </p><p> </p><p>This study is divided into three parts to clarify the distribution of runoff responsibilities, which are divided into: (1) Establishing an assessment framework for the distribution of river basin runoff responsibilities: Based on the analysis of the spatial unit of the catchment area, an attempt is made to integrate different regional development conditions, which can be summarized Appropriate and appropriate distribution methods; (2) Weighing the fairness and efficiency of the distribution of runoff responsibilities in the spatial unit of the watershed: Point out the current runoff responsibility distribution model and characteristics of the catchment area; (3) Attempt to develop the principles for the use of land use planning, Apply the concept of runoff responsibility to land use planning. </p><p> </p><p>Based on the results of this study, a more fair way to distribute runoff responsibilities is proposed, and a new perspective on social natural equality from the river basin scale is clarified. The key factors that affect the distribution of runoff responsibilities are clear. Efficiently undertake total runoff and provide policy planning advice. Try to discuss the issue of runoff responsibility allocation from the field of urban planning, provide river basin runoff responsibility with a planning vision, strengthen the spatial thinking of water and soil dialogue, and look forward to providing a new model of river basin governance in extreme climates. </p>

Impacts of spatio-temporal precipitation variabilities on flood event simulation with satellite-based precipitation estimates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zhu ◽  
Dongyang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Precipitation Variability ◽  
Flood Event ◽  
Precipitation Event ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Event Simulation ◽  
Precipitation Estimates ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
The Impact

<p>Precipitation is a key factor in controlling the accuracy of runoff simulation, as well as the performance of flood event simulation. Compared with the in-situ rainfall measurement, satellite-based precipitation products provide critical precipitation sources of higher resolution along with detailed depiction of precipitation variability, especially for data-sparse or ungauged regions. This study aims to investigate the impacts of temporal and spatial resolutions of precipitation on flood simulation over a humid region of Southern China. Three versions of Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG-E, IMERG-L, and IMERG-F) and a gauge-satellite merged precipitation product released by China Meteorological Administration (CMA) at 0.1° and 1 h resolution are used in the study. The lumped hydrological model HBV and semi-distributed hydrological model SWAT are applied to simulate 12 flood events to investigate the impacts of temporal and spatial variabilities of precipitation on flood event simulation. The results show that the spatial resolution of precipitation data affects its capture of characteristics of precipitation events, specifically in magnitude of precipitation variability and the central location of the precipitation event. Furthermore, SWAT shows no improvement compared with HBV in flood event simulation in this case, which may due to the uncertainty of the precipitation spatial variability. The flood events simulated with SWAT indicate that the biases of flood peaks forcing by IMERG-E and IMERG-L increase with the decreasing of precipitation variability, while that forced by IMERG-F are less affected and perform the best among the three IMERG precipitation estimates. The impact of temporal variability of precipitation is conducted with HBV model and the corresponding results are that the higher temporal resolution ensures the better flood event simulation. Furthermore, the CMA source overperforms the other three satellite-based precipitation estimates, and followed by IMERG-F.</p>

scholarly journals Decision Support System for flood management in Batang Arau river basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 04005
Author(s):  
Nurhamidah Nurhamidah ◽  
Ahmad Junaidi ◽  
Arraufi Hasyim Nz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Support System ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Flood Event ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Flood is one of the most vulnerable disasters in Indonesia. Batang Arau river basin is located in the West Sumatra province, which is one of the areas that often experience the flood. Since 1894, a number of measures have been taken to control flooding in the Batang Arau river basin. However, until now, the incidence of flooding is still not appropriately resolved. The aim of this study is to identify the areas that had the worst impact due to flood events in the Batang Arau river basin over the past 10 years and then identify the leading causes of the flood event. After that, the Decision Support System (DSS) was carried out using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to determine the suitable measures both structural and no structural for flood control in the Batang Arau. In order to achieve these objectives, data was taken in the form of; the historical flood event over past 10 years, the factors causing flood events based on field observations and review studies, and Measures to control flood events according to experts. So that the results of this study will be able to describe short-term and long-term for flood management, which are adaptable for future flood management strategy.

scholarly journals Eco-Environmental Risk Evaluation for Land Use Planning in Areas of Potential Farmland Abandonment in the High Mountains of Nepal Himalayas

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 6931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Chaudhary ◽  
Yukuan Wang ◽  
Amod Mani Dixit ◽  
Narendra Raj Khanal ◽  
Pei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Risk Map ◽  
Farmland Abandonment ◽  
The North ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Land use change, especially that due to farmland abandonment in the mountains of Nepal, is being seen as a major factor contributing to increasing eco-environmental risk, undesirable changes in the socio-cultural landscape, biodiversity loss, and reduced capacity of the ecosystem to provide key services. This study aims to: i) evaluate eco-environmental risk for one of the high mountain river basins, the Dordi river basin in Nepal, that has a growing potential of farmland abandonment; and ii) develop a risk-based land use planning framework for mitigating the impact of risk and for enhancing sustainable management practices in mountain regions. We employed a multi-criteria analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to assign risk weightage to geophysical and socio-demographic factors, and performed spatial superposition analysis in the model builder of a geographic information system (GIS) to produce an eco-environmental risk map, which was subjected to a reliability check against existing eco-environmental conditions by ground truthing and using statistical models. The result shows that 22.36% of the basin area has a high level of risk. The very high, extreme high, moderate, and low zones accounted 17.38%, 7.93%, 28.49%, and 23.81%, respectively. A high level of eco-environmental risk occurs mostly in the north and northwest, but appears in patches in the south as well, whereas the level of moderate risk is concentrated in the southern parts of the river basin. All the land use types, notably, forest, grassland, shrub land, and cultivated farmland, are currently under stress, which generally increases with elevation towards the north but is also concentrated along the road network and river buffer zones where human interference with nature is the maximum. The risk map and the framework are expected to provide information and a scientific evidence-base for formulating and reasonable development strategies and guidelines for consensus-based utilization and protection of eco-environmental resources in the river basin. As an awareness raising tool, it also can activate social processes enabling communities to design for and mitigate the consequences of hazardous events. Moreover, this risk assessment allows an important link in understanding regional eco-environmental risk situation, land use, natural resources, and environmental management.

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