scholarly journals Seasonal Variation of Volatile Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Released from Different Sources in South Cairo

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Ashraf A. Zahran ◽  
Mahmoud A. Howaihe ◽  
Mostafa H. Ragab ◽  
Mahmoud M. Nour Eldeen
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Total Concentrations ◽  
Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Based on a year-round data-set (from January to November 2014), an intensive air sampling program was conducted during 2014 in four different function sites in South El-Tabbin city to study the temporally and spatially characteristics of Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the gaseous and particulate phases. This area is considered as one of the most polluted areas in Egypt as it includes heavy industrial plants, as well as it is bounded by heavy traffic. A total of 48 atmospheric samples were collected by a high-volume active air sampler. The gaseous and particulate phases of PAHs were extracted and analyzed using Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry together. The total concentrations of the sixteen PAHs (which tagged the United States Environmental Protection Agency priority) in the air of the study area ranged from 76.48 ± 19.44 µg/m3 to 26995.86 ± 2835.91 µg/m3. The average PAHs concentration in the coke production site was ~ 355 times of that in the residential area site. For the whole study area; 4, 5, and 6 rings PAHs were dominant and accounting for ~66% – ~84%. The total concentrations of combustion derived PAHs were ranged from 63.24 ± 17.35 µg/m3 to 17546.97 ± 1848.55 µg/m3 covering 65% − 83% of total PAHs which indicating large amounts of combustion sources existed from them in South El-Tabbin city. Seasonal trends of PAHs concentrations were observed with a high concentration in winter and low in summer where the average concentration of PAHs in winter was ~1.6 times higher than that in summer.

scholarly journals Residues of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in Agricultural Soils Adjacent to Historical Sources of Their Storage and Distribution—The Case Study of Azerbaijan

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga ◽  
Karolina Lewińska ◽  
Elton Mammadov ◽  
Anna Karczewska ◽  
Bożena Smreczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
The United States ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Total Concentrations

The aim of this study was to identify and examine the levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in soil collected from the surroundings of historical pesticide storage facilities on former agricultural aerodromes, warehouses, and pesticide distribution sites located in the most important agricultural regions in Azerbaijan. The conducted research included determination of three groups of POPs (occurring together), in the natural soil environment influenced for many years by abiotic and biotic factors that could have caused their transformations or decomposition. In this study, soil samples were collected in 21 georeferenced points located in the administrative area of Bilasuvar, Saatly, Sabirabad, Salyan and Jalilabad districts of Azerbaijan. Soil chemical analysis involved determination of organochlorine compounds (OCP): hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) (three isomers α-HCH, β-HCH and γ-HCH) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) (six congeners 2,4′DDT; 4,4′DDT; 2,4′DDE; 4,4′DDE; 2,4′DDE; and 4,4′DDE); polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): 16 compounds from the United States Environmental Protection Agency US EPA list and, PCBs (seven congeners identified with the following IUPAC numbers: 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, and 180). Our research showed that OCPs reached the highest concentration in the studied areas. The total concentrations of OCPs ranged from 0.01 to 21,888 mg∙kg−1 with significantly higher concentrations of Σ6DDTs (0.01 μg kg−1 to 21880 mg kg−1) compared to ΣHCH (0.14 ng kg−1 to 166.72 µg kg−1). The total concentrations of PCBs in the studied soils was varied from 0.02 to 147.30 μg·kg−1 but only PCB138 and PCB180 were detected in all analyzed samples. The concentrations of Σ16 PAHs were also strongly diversified throughout the sampling areas and ranged from 0.15 to 16,026 mg kg−1. The obtained results confirmed that the agricultural soils of Azerbaijan contained much lower (up to by three orders of magnitude) concentrations of PCBs and PAHs than DDT. It is supported by the fact that PCBs and PAHs were not directly used by agriculture sector and their content results from secondary sources, such as combustion and various industrial processes. Moreover, the high concentrations of PAHs in studied soils were associated with their location in direct neighborhood of the airport, as well as with accumulation of contaminants from dispersed sources and long range transport. The high concentrations of pesticides confirm that deposition of parent OCPs have occurred from obsolete pesticide landfills.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Penta-Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Jaintia and Barail Group Mudstones, Northeastern Bengal Basin, Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
HM Zakir Hossain ◽  
Md Sultan-Ul-Islam ◽  
Quazi Hasna Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Concentration Distribution ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bengal Basin ◽  
Drill Core ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Biogenic Origin

In the present experiment, concentration, distribution and sources of penta-aromatic hydrocarbons in seven drill core and outcrop samples from Jaintia and Barail Group mudstones, northeastern Bengal Basin, Bangladesh have been studied. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to obtain composition details about the sedimentary organic matter (OM). Mudstone samples were found to contain relatively high penta-aromatic hydrocarbon abundances in the lower Jaintia Group than in the overlying Barail Group. High concentration of perylene suggests terrigenous sources and significantly higher content of total organic carbon in the samples. A biogenic origin of perylene therefore indicates oxygen deficient environmental condition for deposition of OM. Perylene over pentacyclic aromatic hydrocarbon isomers regulating in-situ diagenetic origin. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v8i0.20154 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 8: 105-112, 2013

scholarly journals Investigation of Some Qualitative Characteristics of Sludge Produced in Hamadan Wastewater Treatment Plant and Its Application in Agricultural Lands

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Reza Shokoohi ◽  
Samira Moradi ◽  
Zhila Ghavami ◽  
Azam Nadali ◽  
Raheleh Amiri
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
The United States ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Secondary Sludge ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

In this study, qualitative characteristics of the sludge produced in Hamadan wastewater treatment plant and the feasibility of its application in agricultural lands were investigated. Samples were taken from the primary and secondary sludge and indices such as VS/TS, PH, TKN, COD, TKN, SOUR, Na, Ca, SAR, heavy metals and biological properties (the mean fecal coliform count and the number of parasitic eggs) were measured. The results were compared with the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) standards (40 FCR-503). The results showed that the VS/TS ratio of the raw sludge was 0.8, 0.55, and 0.55 and that of the secondary sludge was 0.65, 0.28, and 0.32 for fall, winter, and summer, respectively. The average concentration of COD, TKN, SOUR, Na, and Ca for the initial sludge was 51283, 107, 0.50, 609, and 952 and for secondary sludge, it was 35595, 81, 4.90, 306, and 493 mg/L, respectively. The MPN for primary and secondary sludge was determined to be 19.83 × 106 and 186 × 106 , respectively and the average number of parasite eggs in primary and secondary sludge was 7.05 and 7.2 in 4 g of dry solids. Entamoeba coli had the highest number of parasite. The results of this study showed that the highest concentration of heavy metals in the sludge was 21396 mg/kg. The values obtained for the above-mentioned indices and heavy metals were in standards range. The results of this study show that none of the primary and secondary sludge samples has been properly stabilized. The values obtained for biological characteristics of sludge were not in the standard range. Therefore, it was revealed that the use of sludge for agriculture needed more stabilization.

scholarly journals Interannual Survey on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Seawater of North Nanao Bay, Ishikawa, Japan, from 2015 to 2018: Sources, Pathways and Ecological Risk Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 904
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Mundo ◽  
Tetsuya Matsunaka ◽  
Hisanori Iwai ◽  
Shouzo Ogiso ◽  
Nobuo Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
High Performance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fluorescence Detector ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
Asian Winter Monsoon ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

To improve the understanding of the emission sources and pathways of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the coastal environments of remote areas, their particulate and dissolved concentrations were analyzed on a monthly basis from 2015 to 2018 in surface waters of Nanao Bay, Japan. The concentration of the targeted 13 species of PAHs on the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) priority pollutant list in dissolved and particle phases were separately analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to a fluorescence detector. Particulate and dissolved PAHs had average concentrations of 0.72 ng∙L−1 and 0.95 ng∙L−1, respectively. While most of the samples were lower than 1 ng∙L−1, abnormally high levels up to 10 ng∙L−1 were observed in the winter of 2017–2018 for particulate PAHs. Based on the isomer ratios of Flu to Flu plus Pyr, it was possible to determine that the pyrogenic loads were greater than the petrogenic loads in all but four out of 86 samples. The predominant environmental pathway for PAHs in winter was determined to be long-range atmospheric transportation fed by the East Asian winter monsoon, while for the summer, local sources were more relevant. By the risk quotients method, it was determined that PAHs in surface seawater presented a very low risk to marine life during the interannual survey.

scholarly journals Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils from Shengli Oil Field, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 74-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kuang ◽  
Y. Su ◽  
J. Zhang ◽  
Z. Song ◽  
H. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Total Pahs ◽  
Fine Soil ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Pahs Concentration ◽  
Us Epa

The concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are on the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) priority pollutant list, were studied in ten different soil samples from Shengli Oil Field, China. The total PAHs concentrations in the sampled soils attained 1214.9–2965.1 ng/g (2159.6 ng/g on average). The highest total PAHs concentration was in the soil with a huge content of oil sludge, while the lowest was in fine soil environment areas. The soil contamination with PAHs in the study areas was classified as severe. The major pollutants were naphthalene, phenathrene, fluorine (Flu), pyrene (Pyr), while the detected concentration of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), benzo(b)fluoranthene was relatively low. Among the 16 kinds of PAHs, the concentration increased in the order: 6 rings < 5 rings < 4 rings < 2 rings < 3 rings. The ratios of Flu/(Flu + Pyr) and indeno benzene(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene (IP)/(IP + BaP) were 0.46–0.48, and 0.36–0.64, respectively. Our results suggest that the main sources of PAHs were petroleum extraction and petroleum combustion. In addition, a small amount of PAHs originated from combustion of grass, woods, and coal.  

scholarly journals Evaluation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Achyrocline Satureioides (Marcela) and its infusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 531-543
Author(s):  
Pedro José Sanches Filho ◽  
Julia Arduim ◽  
Glauco Rasmussen Betemps ◽  
Gabriela Oliveira Andrade ◽  
Ricardo Correa da Silva da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
The United States ◽  
A Value ◽  
Tea Infusions ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Achyrocline Satureioides

This study evaluates the presence and levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Achyrocline Satureioides (inflorescences and infusions) using extraction under ultrasound accompanied by clean up with solid phase extraction (SPE) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Sixteen priority PAHs were listed as priority contaminants by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and PAHs (Benzo(a)Anthracene, Chrysene, Benzo(b)Fluoranthene, Benzo(a)Pyrene) were chosen as indicators by the European Food Safety Agency for the presence of PAHs in food. The HPAs concentrations ranged from 48.1 µg Kg-1 ± 1.4% to 48.8 µg Kg-1 ± 1.9% in Achyrocline Satureioides inflorescences. The total concentration in infusions of PAHs was 2.5 µg L-1 ± 6.3%. The sum of the priority PAHs in Achyrocline Satureioides samples ranged from 126.8 µg Kg-1 ± 13.6% and 218.9 µg Kg-1 ± 16.1% and infusion had a value of 10.0 µg L-1 ± 8.1%. The PAH concentrations in tea infusions are lower when compared with other food matrices, but the migration of these compounds for tea is high, resulting in levels that may cause damage to health.

scholarly journals Kontaminasi Senyawa Polisiklik Aromatik Hidrokarbon (PAH) dalam Sedimen Di DAS Gending, Probolinggo

DEPIK ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-150
Author(s):  
Edward Edward
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are very toxic and persistent environmental contaminants. This study were carried out in Gending watershed Probolinggo in March 2014, the propose of this research was to known  the concentrations and possible sources of 16 PAHs (Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) classified by the United State Environmental Protection Agency as priority pollutants.   Sediment samples were taken by using a sediment sampler at 6 research stations. The concentration of PAH were determined  using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)  and the sources using individual ratio diagnose method. The results show that  the concentration of PAHs in  sediment still low and fixed with the safe threshold values for waters organisms. Individual PAH dominated by high molecule weight PAHs. The results of PAHs ratio individual analysis showed that PAHs sources in sediment derived from a variety of sources such as; oil spill, oil combustion and combustion of organic materials. To reduce the level of PAHs pollution in sediment in Gending watersheds need to make efficiency in using of fossil fuel, reduce oil spill and  combustion of oil and organic materials and implementing of laws and sanctions against polluters.

scholarly journals Contemporary Fraction of bis(2–ethylhexyl) Phthalate in Stilton Cheese by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry

Radiocarbon ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 686-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A Nelson ◽  
John M Ondov ◽  
Michael C VanDerveer ◽  
Bruce A Buchholz
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
The United States ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Hazardous Substance ◽  
Carbon Fraction ◽  
Ethylhexyl Phthalate

Measurements of the radiocarbon abundance in 5 samples of bis(2–ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) isolated from Stilton cheese were made by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) to determine the fraction of carbon originating from contemporary biogenic sources. DEHP is classified as a “priority hazardous substance” by the European Union, a probable human carcinogen by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, and is suspected to be a human endocrine disrupter. Measurement of its 14C abundance in a specific food indicates whether its presence is due to contamination from industrially synthesized DEHP or a naturally inherent component. A method was developed to determine the contemporary carbon fraction of DEHP in a fatty food matrix at concentrations of 0.14 mg/kg. Five 90–μg quantities of DEHP were extracted from 12 kg of Stilton cheese and isolated by silica gel, size exclusion, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Masses of samples were determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses prior to combustion and manometry afterwards. The purity of DEHP carbon mass in each isolate was determined by multivariate deconvolution of GCMS fragmentation spectra obtained from measurements of standards and isolates, and ranged from 88.0 ± 1.8% to 92.3 ± 1.1% (n = 5, 1σ). Concurrently processed isolation method blanks contained from 0.15 ± 0.04 to 1.52 ± 0.06 μg (n = 3, 1σ) DEHP per sample and significant quantities of pre- and post-chromatographic extraneous carbon contamination. The mean 14C-corrected contemporary carbon fraction of DEHP in the isolates was 0.235 ± 0.073 (1σ; and ± 0.091 at the 95% confidence level), revealing that the majority of DEHP in Stilton cheese results from anthropogenic sources, but with a significant naturally occurring component.

scholarly journals Detecting Chemical Vapor Diffusion through Firefighter Turnout Gear

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4833
Author(s):  
Michelle A. Corbally ◽  
Mary R. Williams ◽  
Jessica N. Chappell ◽  
Michael E. Sigman
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
The United States ◽  
Carbon Layer ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Turnout Gear ◽  
Target Factor Analysis ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Volatile Analyte

Firefighters are exposed to burning materials that may release toxic partial combustion and pyrolysis products into the environment, including compounds listed as priority pollutants by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). A novel passive sampling dosimeter device containing firefighter turnout gear as a diffusion membrane and an activated charcoal strip (ACS) for volatile analyte collection was designed and used to monitor potential exposures of firefighters to volatile organic compounds. Solvent extracts from the ACS and turnout gear diffusion layer were analyzed using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine the diffusion of compounds from burned substrates through firefighter turnout gear and compound adsorption to the turnout gear. The compounds in these samples were identified using target factor analysis (TFA). An activated carbon layer (ACL) was added to the dosimeter between the turnout gear and the ACS. The presence of combustion and pyrolysis compounds identified on the ACS in the dosimeter was reduced.

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