scholarly journals Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils from Shengli Oil Field, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 74-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kuang ◽  
Y. Su ◽  
J. Zhang ◽  
Z. Song ◽  
H. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Total Pahs ◽  
Fine Soil ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Pahs Concentration ◽  
Us Epa

The concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are on the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) priority pollutant list, were studied in ten different soil samples from Shengli Oil Field, China. The total PAHs concentrations in the sampled soils attained 1214.9–2965.1 ng/g (2159.6 ng/g on average). The highest total PAHs concentration was in the soil with a huge content of oil sludge, while the lowest was in fine soil environment areas. The soil contamination with PAHs in the study areas was classified as severe. The major pollutants were naphthalene, phenathrene, fluorine (Flu), pyrene (Pyr), while the detected concentration of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), benzo(b)fluoranthene was relatively low. Among the 16 kinds of PAHs, the concentration increased in the order: 6 rings < 5 rings < 4 rings < 2 rings < 3 rings. The ratios of Flu/(Flu + Pyr) and indeno benzene(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene (IP)/(IP + BaP) were 0.46–0.48, and 0.36–0.64, respectively. Our results suggest that the main sources of PAHs were petroleum extraction and petroleum combustion. In addition, a small amount of PAHs originated from combustion of grass, woods, and coal.  

scholarly journals Interannual Survey on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Seawater of North Nanao Bay, Ishikawa, Japan, from 2015 to 2018: Sources, Pathways and Ecological Risk Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 904
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Mundo ◽  
Tetsuya Matsunaka ◽  
Hisanori Iwai ◽  
Shouzo Ogiso ◽  
Nobuo Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
High Performance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fluorescence Detector ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
Asian Winter Monsoon ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

To improve the understanding of the emission sources and pathways of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the coastal environments of remote areas, their particulate and dissolved concentrations were analyzed on a monthly basis from 2015 to 2018 in surface waters of Nanao Bay, Japan. The concentration of the targeted 13 species of PAHs on the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) priority pollutant list in dissolved and particle phases were separately analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to a fluorescence detector. Particulate and dissolved PAHs had average concentrations of 0.72 ng∙L−1 and 0.95 ng∙L−1, respectively. While most of the samples were lower than 1 ng∙L−1, abnormally high levels up to 10 ng∙L−1 were observed in the winter of 2017–2018 for particulate PAHs. Based on the isomer ratios of Flu to Flu plus Pyr, it was possible to determine that the pyrogenic loads were greater than the petrogenic loads in all but four out of 86 samples. The predominant environmental pathway for PAHs in winter was determined to be long-range atmospheric transportation fed by the East Asian winter monsoon, while for the summer, local sources were more relevant. By the risk quotients method, it was determined that PAHs in surface seawater presented a very low risk to marine life during the interannual survey.

scholarly journals Residues of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in Agricultural Soils Adjacent to Historical Sources of Their Storage and Distribution—The Case Study of Azerbaijan

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga ◽  
Karolina Lewińska ◽  
Elton Mammadov ◽  
Anna Karczewska ◽  
Bożena Smreczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
The United States ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Total Concentrations

The aim of this study was to identify and examine the levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in soil collected from the surroundings of historical pesticide storage facilities on former agricultural aerodromes, warehouses, and pesticide distribution sites located in the most important agricultural regions in Azerbaijan. The conducted research included determination of three groups of POPs (occurring together), in the natural soil environment influenced for many years by abiotic and biotic factors that could have caused their transformations or decomposition. In this study, soil samples were collected in 21 georeferenced points located in the administrative area of Bilasuvar, Saatly, Sabirabad, Salyan and Jalilabad districts of Azerbaijan. Soil chemical analysis involved determination of organochlorine compounds (OCP): hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) (three isomers α-HCH, β-HCH and γ-HCH) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) (six congeners 2,4′DDT; 4,4′DDT; 2,4′DDE; 4,4′DDE; 2,4′DDE; and 4,4′DDE); polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): 16 compounds from the United States Environmental Protection Agency US EPA list and, PCBs (seven congeners identified with the following IUPAC numbers: 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, and 180). Our research showed that OCPs reached the highest concentration in the studied areas. The total concentrations of OCPs ranged from 0.01 to 21,888 mg∙kg−1 with significantly higher concentrations of Σ6DDTs (0.01 μg kg−1 to 21880 mg kg−1) compared to ΣHCH (0.14 ng kg−1 to 166.72 µg kg−1). The total concentrations of PCBs in the studied soils was varied from 0.02 to 147.30 μg·kg−1 but only PCB138 and PCB180 were detected in all analyzed samples. The concentrations of Σ16 PAHs were also strongly diversified throughout the sampling areas and ranged from 0.15 to 16,026 mg kg−1. The obtained results confirmed that the agricultural soils of Azerbaijan contained much lower (up to by three orders of magnitude) concentrations of PCBs and PAHs than DDT. It is supported by the fact that PCBs and PAHs were not directly used by agriculture sector and their content results from secondary sources, such as combustion and various industrial processes. Moreover, the high concentrations of PAHs in studied soils were associated with their location in direct neighborhood of the airport, as well as with accumulation of contaminants from dispersed sources and long range transport. The high concentrations of pesticides confirm that deposition of parent OCPs have occurred from obsolete pesticide landfills.

scholarly journals Evaluation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Achyrocline Satureioides (Marcela) and its infusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 531-543
Author(s):  
Pedro José Sanches Filho ◽  
Julia Arduim ◽  
Glauco Rasmussen Betemps ◽  
Gabriela Oliveira Andrade ◽  
Ricardo Correa da Silva da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
The United States ◽  
A Value ◽  
Tea Infusions ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Achyrocline Satureioides

This study evaluates the presence and levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Achyrocline Satureioides (inflorescences and infusions) using extraction under ultrasound accompanied by clean up with solid phase extraction (SPE) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Sixteen priority PAHs were listed as priority contaminants by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and PAHs (Benzo(a)Anthracene, Chrysene, Benzo(b)Fluoranthene, Benzo(a)Pyrene) were chosen as indicators by the European Food Safety Agency for the presence of PAHs in food. The HPAs concentrations ranged from 48.1 µg Kg-1 ± 1.4% to 48.8 µg Kg-1 ± 1.9% in Achyrocline Satureioides inflorescences. The total concentration in infusions of PAHs was 2.5 µg L-1 ± 6.3%. The sum of the priority PAHs in Achyrocline Satureioides samples ranged from 126.8 µg Kg-1 ± 13.6% and 218.9 µg Kg-1 ± 16.1% and infusion had a value of 10.0 µg L-1 ± 8.1%. The PAH concentrations in tea infusions are lower when compared with other food matrices, but the migration of these compounds for tea is high, resulting in levels that may cause damage to health.

scholarly journals Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediment and Health Risk of Fish, Crab and Shrimp Around Atlas Cove, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwafunmilayo O. Olayinka ◽  
Adetomi Adeola Adewusi ◽  
Olanrewaju Olusoji Olujimi ◽  
Adeyinka Adedeji Aladesida
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Total Pahs ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Background. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic contaminants and pose health risks to humans and the ecosystem due to their persistence in the environment. Objectives. This study determined the concentrations of PAHs in sediment, two species of fish (Drepane africana and Pomadasys jubelini), crabs (Callinectes amnicola) and shrimps (Penaeus notialis) around the Atlas Cove jetty, Lagos, Nigeria. Methods. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were extracted from fish, shrimp, and crabs that were purchased from local fishermen. Sediments were collected at five locations impacted by ship movement and cargo offloading around the Atlas Cove jetty during the period of June to August 2016, using standard methods. Potential toxicity of PAHs in the sediments on the surrounding aquatic organisms was assessed. The PAHs were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Human health risk assessment was calculated from biota using dietary daily intake and carcinogenic potencies of individual PAH concentrations. Results. A total of 17 PAH congeners were detected in sediment samples and ten were detected in biota samples. Concentrations of total PAHs obtained in sediment and fish samples ranged from 2.15 - 36.46 mg/kg and 11.89 - 71.06 mg/kg, respectively. The total PAHs concentration pattern follow the order of P. notialis > C. amnicola > P. jubelini (whole) > D. africana (whole) > D. africana (fillet) > P. jubelini (fillet) > sediment. Concentrations of total PAHs were higher in whole fish than in fillet samples (muscle) in both fish species. High values of PAHs were recorded in the dietary intake (0.10 - 2.33 mg/kg body weight/day) of the organisms. Toxic equivalent quotient values (0.01 to 0.10 mg/kg) were observed to be higher than the screening values (0.0014 to 0.0599 mg/kg). In the muscle of Drepane africana and Pomadasys jubelini, splitting and atrophy of the muscle bundles were observed. Conclusions. The concentrations of PAHs in analyzed sediment and organisms were higher than the maximum permissible limit of the United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Most of the detected PAHs were of petrogenic origin, which is an indication that anthropogenic activities were influencing PAH concentrations. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Post-fire mobilization of metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a recently burnt eucalypt stand in North-Central Portugal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalila Serpa ◽  
Ana I. Machado ◽  
Martha Santos ◽  
Isabel Campos ◽  
Bruna R. F. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
The United States ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
North Central ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Central Portugal

<p>Wildfires constitute a diffuse source of contamination to aquatic ecosystems. In burnt areas, the increase in surface runoff and associated sediment losses after fire, promotes the mobilization of hazardous substances, such as metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), posing a risk for the adjacent water bodies. In the present study, post-fire metals and PAHs export by surface runoff was evaluated in 16 m<sup>2 </sup>bounded plots in a eucalypt stand in Albergaria-a-Velha (Aveiro district, North-Central Portugal) burnt in September 2019. Runoff samples were collected on a weekly to bi-weekly basis, depending on the occurrence of rainfall, during the first 6 months after fire. The metals analyzed in this study were, vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). As for PAHs, the analyses focused on the 16 compounds classified as priority pollutants by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Both dissolved and particulate fractions of metals and PAHs in runoff waters were analysed in this work. Preliminary results suggest that metals are more likely to affect the water quality of fire-affected water bodies than PAHs, since low levels of PAHs were found in runoff waters. This work provides valuable information for water managers to minimize the risks of wildfires both to the environment and to public health.</p>

Spatial variation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and equivalent toxicity in Sydney Harbour, Australia

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupak Aryal ◽  
Simon Beecham ◽  
Sarvanamuthu Vigneswaran ◽  
Jaya Kandasamy ◽  
Ravi Naidu
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Sediment Toxicity ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Total Pahs ◽  
Identification Evaluation ◽  
Sydney Harbour ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Harbour sediments include wash-off from different nearby catchments that have various landuse activities. In this study the spatial variation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Sydney Harbour was studied by analysing the sediment. The sediment was collected from 12 locations and 16 PAHs that are prioritized by the United States Environmental Protection Authority were analysed. The concentrations in the sediment were in the range of 54–23,440 ng/g of total PAHs and this varied from location to location. The result suggests that the harbour is contaminated with PAHs from low concentration to very high concentration. Among the total PAHs, approximately 75% were medium to higher molecular weight 4- and 5-ring member PAHs. A toxicity identification evaluation (TEQ) approach using a toxicity equivalency factor (TEF) was applied to assess the sediment toxicity. The TEF was found to be between 22 and 8,277 ng TEQ/g. The TEQ value indicated potential adverse ecological and human health effects in many locations.

Dietary Intake of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in a Spanish Population

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 2190-2195 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAQUEL IBÁÑEZ ◽  
ANTONIO AGUDO ◽  
ANTONIO BERENGUER ◽  
PAULA JAKSZYN ◽  
MARÍA JOSÉ TORMO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dietary History ◽  
Total Pahs ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
The Mean

The objective of the present study was to estimate the dietary intake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), particularly benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), as well as to identify the principal dietary sources of such compounds in the Spanish adult population. The study included 40,690 subjects aged 35 to 64 years from five regions of Spain that were included in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)–Spain cohort. Usual food intake was estimated by personal interview through a computerized version of a dietary history questionnaire. The estimations of B[a]P and total PAHs were made, taking into account the country where the determinations of content of these compounds in the foods came from and the year of publication. The mean intake of B[a]P in the population was 0.14 μg/day, and the mean intake of total PAHs was 8.57 μg/day. Both for B[a]P and total PAHs, women had a significantly lower mean intake than men, and older people consumed lesser amounts than younger people. Furthermore, the intake was higher in the northern regions. There were no significant differences by smoking status. The food groups of meat and meat products, cereals, and oils and fats contribute 55.5% to the total B[a]P intake, while cereals and meat and meat products contribute 61% to the total PAH consumption. Our estimations of B[a]P intake were lower than in the United Kingdom and The Netherlands, were similar to those found in other studies from Spain and Italy, and were higher than those in the United States and Norway.

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Foods: A Critical Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 866-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel A.O. Adeyeye
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
Chemical Safety ◽  
International Programme ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Objective: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are well researched chemicals in foods that have been found to exhibit mutagenic and carcinogenic potentials. This study examined available literature on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in foods, sources, effects and remediation. Methods: Available literature on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in foods, sources, effects and remediation was critically reviewed. Results: The review showed that carcinogenicity of PAHs varies from the potent to moderately carcinogenic PAHs which include 3-methylcholanthrene, Benzo[a]pyrene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, 5-methylchrysene, and dibenz[a,j]anthracene, whereas benzo[e]pyrene, dibenz[a,c]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[c]phenanthrene and fluoranthene are relatively weak or inactive carcinogens. Cooking processes have been found to be a major source of PAHs in foods. Although, PAHs can also be formed during curing and processing of raw food prior to cooking, several researchers in recent years have shown that the major dietary sources of PAHs are fish and meat especially where there is high consumption of meat cooked over an open flame. Several procedures and methods have been developed recently to assess and detect PAHs in foods and more recently, bio-monitoring procedures have also been developed to assess human exposure to PAHs. Numerous organizations such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IACR), the Scientific Committee on Food (SCF), the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) have been involved in evaluating the occurrence and toxicity of PAHs. Conclusion: Conclusively, taking into consideration the sources of PAHs generation, adequate process and quality control of the processed foods could be a veritable mean to reduce PAHs ingestion in foods.

Microbial Properties and Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Contaminated Farmland Soil with Bioremediation

2014 ◽  
Vol 665 ◽  
pp. 534-537
Author(s):  
Hong Wang ◽  
Hai Bo Li ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Ji Fu Ma
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Microbial Properties ◽  
Total Pahs ◽  
Farmland Soil ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Microbial Agent

Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and microbial quantity were investigated in aged PAHs-contaminated soil in a pot experiment with regrass and alfalfa. After 60 days germination the concentration of total PAHs in soil decreased by 37.57% and 38.41% with the treatment of ryegrass-microbe agent and alfalfa-microbe agent. The processes of ryegrass and alfalfa were 18.72% and 19.34%. The root system promoted the quantity of microbe and the microbial agent was benefit for the PAHs degrading microbe. And there was significant positive correlation between the number of PAHs degrading microorganisms and the removal rate of PAHs in the soil.

scholarly journals Blood levels of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Women with Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions: A case-control study

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vipul K Singh ◽  
M Anand ◽  
D Rawtani ◽  
Uday P Singh ◽  
DK Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Breast Lesions ◽  
Total Pahs ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Malignant Breast ◽  
Control Study

Objective: As part of our program to investigate the possible role of environmental pollutants in the incidence of breast cancer in India, we conducted for the first time a hospital based case-control study where blood polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) levels were determined in women suffering from benign and malignant breast lesions, and compared with those of disease free controls drawn from similar socioeconomic environment residing in and around New Delhi, India. Material & Methods: Anthracene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, naphthalene, pyrene, benzo (a) pyrene, benzo (k) fluoranthene and dibenzo (a,h) anthracene were determined by HPLC-FD. Results: Level of total PAHs in control, benign and malignant groups (30 numbers in each) were 142.05 ± 50.84, 185.99 ± 61.97 and 200.74 ± 55.05 μg / L respectively. Mean levels of naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene and benzo (k) fluoranthene were higher in both malignant and benign groups than in control but the difference was not statistically significant. Of the total PAHs, 3–ringed compounds were found much higher (89%) in controls than in benign (52%) and malignant groups (54%). However, the percentage sum of 2, 4 and 5-ringed PAHs were much higher in malignant (46%) and benign (48%) groups when compared with those of controls (11%). Conclusion: Results of the present study indicate that higher levels of PAHs (especially non-carcinogenic), though statistically non-significant, were present in cases with benign and malignant breast lesions than in those of controls. Key Words: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Breast cancer; Benign lesions; HPLC-FD  DOI: 10.3126/ajms.v1i2.2924Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 1 (2010) 80-86

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