Study of Social Capital in the North and South Neighborhoods (The Case of Sari City, Iran)

The main objective of this study was to find answer to this question as whether there is a difference in the social capital between the North and South urban neighborhoods. The data of the current study were collected through a questionnaire. The statistical population of this study included subjects aged 18 and above, and sample size consisted of 450 people.The findings of this study indicated that there was a significant difference between North and South neighborhoods of Sari, Iran, with regard to the neighborhood social capital. This means that the mean social capital in the South of city (3.58 out of 5) was higher than that of North of city (1.78 out of 5). The difference was also true for all aspects of neighborhood social capital in North and South urban neighborhoods of Sari. Furthermore, in all aspects of neighborhood social capital, the South neighborhoods had a higher mean value than North urban neighborhoods.

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Explaining Cultural Capital through Combining Different Dimensions of Social Capital: A Fussy Analysis Based on Artificial Neural Network Approach (ANNFIS) (A Case Study of Citizens Aged 18 and Above in Tehran)

International Journal of Regional Development ◽

10.5296/ijrd.v3i2.9702 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 46

Author(s):

Ghorbanali Ebrahimi ◽

Hadi Razeghimaleh

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Social Capital ◽

Artificial Neural Network ◽

Cultural Capital ◽

Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽

The South ◽

The North ◽

The Mean ◽

Artificial Neural ◽

North And South

<p>The main objective of this study was to find out whether social capital and its dimensions affect the cultural capital of citizens in Tehran, and whether there is any difference in the social capital and cultural capital in the north and south urban neighborhoods. To answer these questions, a fuzzy questionnaire for collecting the data was designed. The research method in this study was based on Artificial Neural Network -Fuzzy Inference System (ANNFIS). Statistical population included individuals aged 18 and above residing in Tehran, and sample size consisted of 2538 people.</p><p>The findings of this study indicated that there is a significant difference in the cultural capital between north and south neighborhoods in Tehran. The mean of cultural capital in the south neighborhoods (2.49 out of 10) was higher than that of north neighborhoods (6.77 out of 10). Furthermore, the degree of neighborhood social capital was different between the north and south neighborhoods of Tehran, and this difference was statistically significant, so that the mean of social capital in the south neighborhoods (6.75 out of 10) was greater than that of north neighborhoods (2.88 out of 10).</p>Multivariate linear regression analysis to explain cultural capital has revealed that social trust (- 0.502) and relation networks (- 0.087) exerted the highest and lowest impact on the dependent variable, respectively. It should be noted that, of the three variables entered into the regression equation, all variables have remained in the equation. It should be noted that the effects of all variables on the dependent variable of cultural capital was negative.

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Analysis of Screening Results of 1012 Sperm Donors in China: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Geographic Differences in Semen Quality

10.21203/rs.3.rs-959968/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Qian-Cheng Zhao ◽

Zhe Zhang ◽

Lian-Ming Zhao ◽

Zhen-Feng Deng ◽

Jiang-Man Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Semen Quality ◽

Sperm Concentration ◽

Strong Relationship ◽

Male Reproduction ◽

Geographical Differences ◽

Sperm Donors ◽

The North ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

North And South

Abstract Male reproductive health has become a concern in public health, and semen quality is essential to male reproduction. To investigate the geographical differences in semen quality of sperm donors from the north and south of China, a total of 1012 sperm donors from all over China were enrolled in this work, which were divided by their residential latitude. There were statistically significant differences in sperm concentration among men from different latitudes in China(P=0.04). The sperm concentrations of people from 18°-27° north latitude were lower than those from 36°-45°, and 45°-54° (median 131, 134, 146, respectively, P=0.021[18°-27° vs. 36°-45°] and P=0.01[18°-27° vs. 45°-54°]). It was further confirmed when the samples were re-divided into 2 groups (typically north and south) that contains 667 samples. The analysis also showed a significant difference in terms of the regions to which the samples belonged (the median of the north is 134; the median of the south is 125; P =0.015). Although other sperm parameters don’t show significant change with latitude, some of them possess a strong relationship with sperm concentration (r=-0.19364, P<0.001). Specifically, we suppose that environmental pollution and mental stress due to increased population may be the main factors in the difference.

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Spatial and temporal microsatellite variation in spawning Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, around Iceland

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/cjfas-2012-0494 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 70 (8) ◽

pp. 1151-1158 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Guðni Magnús Eiríksson ◽

Einar Árnason

Keyword(s):

Allele Frequency ◽

Gadus Morhua ◽

Atlantic Cod ◽

Genetic Difference ◽

North Coast ◽

The South ◽

Microsatellite Variation ◽

The North ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference

The present study suggests that the observed genetic difference between Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, off the south and the north coast of Iceland may be caused by natural selection affecting genetic variation at a microsatellite loci (Gmo34). When disregarding this locus from the analysis, no genetic difference was observed between northern and southern Iceland. The methods applied here were very sensitive, and differences as small as FST = 0.0005 are unlikely to go unnoticed. The difference between cod off the south and the north coast of Iceland is thus likely to be smaller than that. Such a small difference is negligible and is not likely to have any biological meaning. Genetic drift was detected by allele frequency comparison among different cohorts (FST = 0.0007, P = 0.0209). A small but significant difference was observed among allele frequency for cod grouped by depth at the south coast of Iceland (FST = 0.0017, P = 0.0002). This difference is very subtle and needs to be interpreted with caution.

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Genetic differentiation and inversion clines in Indian natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster

Genome ◽

10.1139/g91-094 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 618-625 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Aparup Das ◽

B. N. Singh

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Genetic Differentiation ◽

Natural Populations ◽

The South ◽

The North ◽

Chromosome Inversions ◽

The Difference ◽

And Inversion ◽

First Time ◽

North And South

To study the genetic differentiation and inversion clines in Indian natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster, 14 natural populations (6 from the north and 8 from the south) were screened for chromosome inversions. The chromosomal analysis revealed the presence of 23 paracentric inversions, which include 4 common cosmopolitan, 4 rare cosmopolitan, 2 recurrent endemic, and 13 unique endemic (new inversions detected for the first time) inversions. The difference in karyotype frequencies between populations from the north and south were highly significant and the level of inversion heterozygosity was higher in populations from the south. Statistically significant negative correlations were found between each of the four common cosmopolitan inversions and latitude. These findings are in accord with results from other worldwide geographic regions and show that Indian populations of D. melanogaster have undergone considerable genetic differentiation at the level of inversion polymorphism.Key words: Drosophila melanogaster, Indian natural populations, chromosome inversions, genetic differentiation, north–south clines.

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PEMBERDAYAAN PENGOLAH IKAN SKALA RUMAH TANGGA DI PROVINSI JAWA BARAT

Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan ◽

10.15578/jsekp.v12i2.6433 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 189

Author(s):

Yaya Hudaya ◽

Aida Vitayala Hubeis ◽

Basita Sugihen ◽

Anna Fatchiya

Keyword(s):

South Coast ◽

North Coast ◽

Small Scale ◽

Fish Processing ◽

The South ◽

The West ◽

West Java ◽

The North ◽

Significant Difference ◽

North And South

Pemberdayaan pengolah ikan di Provinsi Jawa Barat dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan pelaku usaha, menjamin keamanan pangan produk yang dihasilkan, dan ikut menjaga kelestarian sumber daya ikan yang ada. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kinerja pemberdayaan pengolah ikan skala rumah tangga dan dampaknya di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Metode analisis menggunakan uji beda Man Whitney U. Hipotesis penelitian ini adalah ada perbedaan nyata proses pemberdayaan pengolah ikan dan dampaknya di pesisir utara Kabupaten Cirebon dan selatan Kabupaten Sukabumi, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan nyata proses pemberdayaan pengolah ikan dan dampaknya baik di pesisir utara Kabupaten Cirebon maupun di pesisir selatan Kabupaten Sukabumi. Kebijakan pemberdayaan pengolahan ikan skala rumah tangga di Provinsi Jawa Barat baik di pesisir utara maupun selatan tidak perlu dibedakan. Namun, intensitas pemberdayaan terutama penyuluhan perikanan, bantuan peralatan dan modal usaha perlu ditingkatkan lagi. Title: The Empowerment of Small Scale Fish Processorsin West Java Province Empowerment of fish processors in West Java Province was carried out in order to improve wellbeing of the fish processors, ensuring food security of the product, and maintaining sustainability of the fish resource. The purpose of this study was to analyze performance of the empowerment of small scale fish processors and its related impact in the West Java Province. The analytical method used different test Man Whitney U. Hypothesis of this research was that there was a significant difference between the process of fish processing empowerment and its related impact in the north coast of Cirebon District and in the south coast of Sukabumi district of West Java Province. The results indicated that there was no significant difference between the process of fish processing empowerment and its impact both in the north coast of Cirebon and in the south coast of Sukabumi. Hence, policy on empowerment small scale fish processing household in both north and south coast districts of West Java Province can be treated the same. However, the intensity of empowerment, especially in terms of fisheries extension, equipment and business capital assistance need to be improved.

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Observed seasonal regimes of North-South Atlantic Ocean interbasin exchange

10.31223/osf.io/ykm29 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Hamed D. Ibrahim

Keyword(s):

North Atlantic ◽

Climate Models ◽

South Atlantic ◽

Meridional Overturning Circulation ◽

Volume Flux ◽

The South ◽

The North ◽

Basin Scale ◽

Interbasin Exchange ◽

North And South

North and South Atlantic lateral volume exchange is a key component of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) embedded in Earth’s climate. Northward AMOC heat transport within this exchange mitigates the large heat loss to the atmosphere in the northern North Atlantic. Because of inadequate climate data, observational basin-scale studies of net interbasin exchange between the North and South Atlantic have been limited. Here ten independent climate datasets, five satellite-derived and five analyses, are synthesized to show that North and South Atlantic climatological net lateral volume exchange is partitioned into two seasonal regimes. From late-May to late-November, net lateral volume flux is from the North to the South Atlantic; whereas from late-November to late-May, net lateral volume flux is from the South to the North Atlantic. This climatological characterization offers a framework for assessing seasonal variations in these basins and provides a constraint for climate models that simulate AMOC dynamics.

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Four new Burmese species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from distantly related parapatric clades from the Shan Plateau and Salween Basin

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4758.1.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4758 (1) ◽

pp. 45-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L. LEE GRISMER ◽

PERRY L. JR. WOOD ◽

EVAN S. H. QUAH ◽

MYINT KYAW THURA ◽

JAMIE R. OAKS ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Cloud Forest ◽

Mitochondrial Gene ◽

Color Pattern ◽

The South ◽

Taxonomic Analysis ◽

The North ◽

North And South ◽

Northwestern Thailand

An integrative taxonomic analysis based on morphology, color pattern, and the mitochondrial gene ND2 recovered four new species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker that are endemic to the Shan Plateau or Salween Basin in eastern Myanmar. Hemiphyllodactylus ngwelwini sp. nov. from the Shan Plateau is part of the earlier described “eastern Myanmar clade” renamed herein as the north lineage and H. kyaiktiyoensis sp. nov. and H. pinlaungensis sp. nov. of the Shan Plateau and H. zwegabinensis sp. nov. of the Salween Basin compose an entirely new Burmese clade herein referred to as the south lineage. Although the north and south lineages come within 46 km of one another on the Shan Plateau, they are not sister lineages but sequentially separated by two lineages from Yunnan, China and another from northwestern Thailand. Hemiphyllodactylus zwegabinensis sp. nov. is the first species of this genus to be recorded from the Salween Basin and is known only from a wind-blown cloud forest on the top of the insular, karstic mountain Zwegabin in Kayin State. All other Burmese species except for H. typus, are endemic to the various localities throughout the Shan Plateau. These four new species bring the total number of Hemiphyllodactylus in Myanmar to at least 10 which is certainly an extreme underestimate of the diversity of this genus given that we discover new species at every upland locality we survey.

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The Difference of Being Overweight or Obese between the North and South of China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-46188/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Daisheng Tang ◽

Tao Bu ◽

Yahong Liu ◽

Xuefan Dong

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

High Intake ◽

Related Information ◽

The North ◽

Health Related ◽

The Difference ◽

North And South

Abstract Objectives: The geographical environment, dietary culture, food patterns, and obesity rates are substantially different between the North and South of China. Determining the geographical distribution and local dietary patterns involved in being overweight or obese is useful for designing intervention strategies. Methods: Residents between 18 and 65 years old (n=10,863) from 11 Chinese provinces (five Northern provinces and six Southern provinces) were selected to compare dietary patterns, BMI, and health-related information from the China Health and Nutrition Survey packages in 2011. Linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the strength of the association among geographic variables, the obesity problem, and dietary patterns. Results: The overall prevalence of being overweight or obese was 10.51% higher in the North than in the South. Northern dietary patterns feature a high intake of wheat and soybeans, whereas Southern dietary patterns feature a high intake of rice, vegetables, meat, and poultry. The estimated coefficient of regional variables surrounding dietary score is 1.494; surrounding the odds ratio for being overweight is 1.681, whereas surrounding the odds ratio for obesity is 2.035. Multivariate logistic regression including both the variable of South–North areas and Northern dietary patterns showed a significant correlation with being overweight or obese. Conclusion: Northern areas and their local dietary patterns are more likely to contribute to being overweight or obese. These findings provide support for tracking the progression of obesity, epidemics, and policies that target the ‘‘obesogenic’’ environment, promoting opportunities for persons to access healthy dietary patterns and nutritional balance.

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Decolonising cities of the global South in the classroom and beyond

Town Planning Review ◽

10.3828/tpr.2020.30 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 91 (5) ◽

pp. 535-552

Author(s):

Astrid Wood

Keyword(s):

Global South ◽

Colonial Literature ◽

The South ◽

Post Colonial ◽

The North ◽

The World ◽

North And South

In the post-colonial context, the global South has become the approved nomenclature for the non-European, non-Western parts of the world. The term promises a departure from post-colonial development geographies and from the material and discursive legacies of colonialism by ostensibly blurring the bifurcations between developed and developing, rich and poor, centre and periphery. In concept, the post-colonial literature mitigates the disparity between cities of the North and South by highlighting the achievements of elsewhere. But what happens when we try to teach this approach in the classroom? How do we locate the South without relying on concepts of otherness? And how do we communicate the importance of the South without re-creating the regional hierarchies that have dominated for far too long? This article outlines the academic arguments before turning to the opportunities and constraints associated with delivering an undergraduate module that teaches post-colonial concepts without relying on colonial constructs.

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Debating the South in Unified Italy

The Politics of Debt and Europe's Relations with the 'South' ◽

10.3366/edinburgh/9781474461405.003.0009 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 186-214

Author(s):

Stefan Nygård

Keyword(s):

Nation State ◽

The South ◽

National Politics ◽

The North ◽

Political Debates ◽

Catching Up ◽

History Of ◽

South Axis ◽

Nation State Formation ◽

North And South

The history of modern Italy is an illustrative example of the different social and spatial layers of the North–South divide. Since unification in 1861, Italy has struggled to overcome regional imbalances, mainly although not exclusively along a North–South axis. With an emphasis on the period following unification, when North-South was placed at the centre of national politics, this chapter surveys the lingering debates on Italy’s so-called Southern question and the dynamics of nation-state formation in which it is embedded. The contested history of this process includes debates over economic and moral debts caused by the uneven distribution of gains and sacrifices between North and South as a result of unification. Socio-economically, two North–South divides developed in parallel after unification; the more significant one between Italy and transalpine Europe, and the initially minor but eventually growing divergence between the northern and southern regions within Italy. The ideas of development, catching-up and “Europeanization” were recurring themes in the intellectual and political debates discussed in the chapter. The contested issue was whether the North was developing the South, or vice versa.

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