scholarly journals The Impacts of Soy-Based Biodiesel on the Main Soy Producers in the International Market

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 498
Author(s):  
Augusto Mussi Alvim ◽  
Adelar Fochezatto
Keyword(s):  
International Market ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Partial Equilibrium ◽  
Food Markets ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mixed Complementarity Problem ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Partial Equilibrium Model ◽  
The World ◽  
Alternative Scenarios

This study analyzes the impacts of soy-based biodiesel consumption on the main soybean-producing countries. To achieve this goal, a partial equilibrium model formulated as a Mixed Complementarity Problem (PCM) is used, which allows the inclusion of trade barriers and the construction of alternative scenarios. Four scenarios are analyzed. The first simulates a demand shock for soybean meal and soybean oil, considering the observed growth in demand over the last ten years. The second evaluates the effects of an increase in the demand for meal, oil and biodiesel. The third considers the elimination of the demand for soy-based biodiesel. The last scenario assesses the effects of the elimination of tariffs and subsidies on the grain and food markets. In general terms, the results show that: in the second scenario, Brazil is the only exporting country that shows a greater increase in consumption than in production, reflecting the country’s smaller share in the world soybean trade; in the fourth scenario the gains are relatively smaller than the potential gains in the first scenario; in the third scenario, soybean prices are about 8% higher because of the use of soybeans for biodiesel production, demonstrating the relevance of mandatory policies in this market.

The effects of market integration during the first globalization: a multi-market approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Chilosi ◽  
Giovanni Federico
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
International Market ◽  
Trade Costs ◽  
Partial Equilibrium ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Small Open Economies ◽  
Welfare Gains ◽  
Partial Equilibrium Model ◽  
Market Approach

Abstract This paper is a first attempt to measure the effects of international market integration on world trade and welfare in the ``long nineteenth century”. We run a multi-market partial equilibrium model, which takes into account the interactions between route-specific changes in trade costs, for the two most traded commodities, cotton and wheat. The collapse in trade costs accounted for 60 percent of the growth of trade for cotton and for 40 percent for wheat. As expected, welfare gains were larger for small open economies, but they were substantial also for large countries, with big differences determined by trade policies.

The impact of the embargo and sanctions on the agri-food markets in Russia: Analysis of consequences

2016 ◽  
pp. 124-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Borodin
Keyword(s):  
Commodity Markets ◽  
Partial Equilibrium ◽  
Food Markets ◽  
Partial Equilibrium Model ◽  
Trade Prices ◽  
Meat Markets ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Market Infrastructure ◽  
Production Losses ◽  
Large Enterprises

The paper examines the impact of the embargo and sanctions on the agri-food markets in Russia. The analysis has shown that markets of milk and beef are experiencing serious problems. One of the main reasons for market volatility is a relatively low share of large enterprises with better adaptability in conditions of the embargo and sanctions and underdeveloped market infrastructure. The method that allows to quantify the consequences of the embargo and sanctions impact for the commodity markets is developed on the basis of a partial equilibrium model. The method has been tested on the meat markets (beef, pork, poultry). The estimates of changes in foreign trade, prices of producers and consumers, the dynamics of production, losses of budget, producers and consumers are provided. The results show that the budget suffers losses in all cases, and the markets with higher dependence on imports under the impact of the embargo and sanctions lose more in the welfare than those with less dependence. Poultry market has shown good stability and welfare under the embargo and sanctions due to high competition, mainly among large enterprises.

Biodiesel production from non-edible oils: A review

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-159
Author(s):  
Jatinder Kataria ◽  
Saroj Kumar Mohapatra ◽  
Amit Pal
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
The World

The limited fossil reserves, spiraling price and environmental impact due to usage of fossil fuels leads the world wide researchers’ interest in using alternative renewable and environment safe fuels that can meet the energy demand. Biodiesel is an emerging renewable alternative fuel to conventional diesel which can be produced from both edible and non-edible oils, animal fats, algae etc. The society is in dire need of using renewable fuels as an immediate control measure to mitigate the pollution level. In this work an attempt is made to review the requisite and access the capability of the biodiesel in improving the environmental degradation.

Optimum Structure of the Banking Market: How Many Banks Are Necessary for Russia?

2006 ◽  
pp. 75-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Moiseev
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Optimum Structure ◽  
Population Number ◽  
The Third ◽  
Banking Market ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Equilibrium Number

The number of classical banks in the world has reduced. In the majority of countries the number of banks does not exceed 200. The uniqueness of the Russian banking sector is that in this respect it takes the third place in the world after the USA and Germany. The paper reviews the conclusions of the economic theory about the optimum structure of the banking market. The empirical analysis shows that the number of banks in a country is influenced by the size of its territory, population number and GDP per capita. Our econometric estimate is that the equilibrium number of banks in Russia should be in a range of 180-220 units.

Overcoming “The Third Way” Concept

2006 ◽  
pp. 126-134
Author(s):  
L. Evstigneeva ◽  
R. Evstigneev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Research ◽  
Economic Uncertainty ◽  
Third Way ◽  
The Third ◽  
Linear Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
Non Linear

“The Third Way” concept is still widespread all over the world. Growing socio-economic uncertainty makes the authors revise the concept. In the course of discussion with other authors they introduce a synergetic vision of the problem. That means in the first place changing a linear approach to the economic research for a non-linear one.

Effects of Cooking Oil Subsidy Removals on Related Markets in Malaysia: A Comparative Static, Multicommodity, Multi Stage Production Approach

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamal Othman ◽  
Yaghoob Jafari
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Model ◽  
Comparative Statics ◽  
Partial Equilibrium ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Supply Factor ◽  
Partial Equilibrium Model ◽  
Factor Markets ◽  
Input Markets ◽  
Production Approach

Malaysia is contemplating removal of most of her subsidy support measures including subsidies on cooking oil which is largely palm oil based. This paper aims to examine the effects of cooking oil subsidy removals on the competitiveness of the oil palm subsector and related markets. This is done by developing and applying a comparative static, multi-commodity, partial equilibrium model with multi-stages of production function for the Malaysian perennial crops subsector which explicitly links different stages of production, primary and intermediate input markets, trade, and policy linkages. Results partly suggest that export of cooking oil will increase by 0.2 per cent due to a 10 per cent cooking oil subsidy reduction, while domestic output of cooking oil may eventually see a net decline of 1.97 per cent. The results clearly point out that the effect of reducing cooking oil subsidies is relatively small at the upstream levels and therefore it only induces minute effects on factor markets. Consequently, the market for other agricultural crops is projected to change very marginally.   Keywords: Multicomodity, comparative statics, partial equilibrium model, output supply-factor markets linkages, effects of cooking oil subsidy removals.

Epidemias y Religión

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-81
Author(s):  
Bruno Van der Maat
Keyword(s):  
Pastoral Care ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The World ◽  
Ethical Reflections

The current pandemic has seen some adverse reactions from the most diverse religious groups all over the world to government regulations. After having described some of their manifestations, this contribution analyzes what the Bible and some post biblical (patristic and Talmudic) traditions say about illness and pandemics. As it is ascertained that these sources contain very limited material on these subjects, the third part of this article proposes some ethical reflections regarding the official response to the pandemic as well as some pastoral implications. Key Words: Pandemic, Religion, Bible, Talmud, Pastoral Care.

Interpretation of Nonsense as a Method of Children Imagination Development (as exemplified in Carroll L. «Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There»)

2020 ◽  
pp. 200-212
Author(s):  
Larisa V. Kalashnikova
Keyword(s):  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Language Model ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
The Third ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
The World ◽  
Looking Glass ◽  
Rules Of The Game ◽  
Powerful Incentive ◽  
Algorithmic Thinking

The article enlightens the probem of nonsense and its role in the development of creative thinking and fantasy, and the way how the interpretation of nonsense affects children imagination. The function of imagination inherent to a person, and especially to a child, has a powerful potential – to create artificially new metaphorical models, absurd and most incredible situations based on self-amazement. Children are able to measure the properties of unfamiliar objects with the properties of known things. It is not difficult for small researchers to replace incomprehensible meanings with familiar ones; to think over situations, to make analogies, to transfer signs and properties of one object to another. The problem of nonsense research is interesting and relevant. The element of the game is an integral component of nonsense. In the process of playing, children cognize the world, learn to interact with the world, imitating the adults behavior. Imagination and fantasy help the child to invent his own rules of the game, to choose language elements that best suit his ideas. The child uses the learned productive models of the language system to create their own models and their own language, attracting language signs: words, morphs, sentences. Children’s dictionary stimulates word formation and language nomination processes. Nonsense-words are the result of children’s dictionary, speech errors and occazional formations, presented in the form of contamination, phonetic transformations, lexical substitution, implemented on certain models. The first two models are phonetic imitation and hybrid speech, based on the natural language model. The third model of designing nonsense is represented by words that have no meaning at all and can be attributed to words-portmonaie. Due to the flexibility of interframe relationships and the lack of algorithmic thinking, children can not only capture the implicit similarity of objects and phenomena, but also create it through their imagination. Interpretation of nonsense is an effective method of developing imagination in children, because metaphors, nonsense as a means of creating new meanings, modeling new content from fragments of one’s own experience, are a powerful incentive for creative thinking.

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