Productive Potential and Economic Viability of Soybeans in Response to Potassium Application

The objective of this study was to find the best potassium dose to increase soybean yield, taking into account the economic viability of the crop in the studied region. Sixteen treatments of the interaction between potassium doses (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1) and application times (sowing, vegetative stage (V3), vegetative stage V3 + reproductive stage (R1) and reproductive stage). The experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Plant growth and production characteristics were analyzed and a preliminary analysis of variance was applied to check the significance of the interactions for each characteristic by Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). Subsequently, the regression analysis was performed using SAS software (2013). The economic analysis was made using the Monte Carlo methodology (Lima, 2008), and processed with the software @Risk 7 (PALISADE, 2016). Potassium fertilization was positive with increase in yield, but there was no direct relation with the application period. The 109 KCl ha-1 dose provided greater economic viability in soybean cultivation.

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Management Practices for Whitefly and Thrips in Mungbean

Malaysian Journal of Halal Research Journal ◽

10.2478/mjhr-2021-0009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

M. S. Alam ◽

M. Ali ◽

M. M. Hossain ◽

M.S. Hossain ◽

M. A. Islam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Block Design ◽

Reproductive Stage ◽

Vegetative Stage ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Emamectin Benzoate ◽

Benefit Cost Ratio ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Pest Incidence ◽

Benefit Cost

Abstract This experiment was conducted at the central farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, [23.740 N latitude and 90.350 E longitude] Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh, during the period of March to May, 2014 to study the Whitefly and Thrips pest incidence in mungbean and their management practices BARI Mung-5 was used as the test crop for this experiment. The experiment consists of the following treatments: T1: Nitro 505EC (Chloropyrifos+Cypermethrin) @ 2 ml/L of water at 10 days interval; T2: Casper 5 SG (Emamectin Benzoate) @ 2gm/L; T3: Voliam Flexi (Thiamethoxam+Chlorantraniliprole) @ 0.25 ml/L; T4: Tapnor 40 EC (Dimethoate) @ 2.0 ml/L; T5: Allion 2.5 EC (Lamda-Cyhalothrin) @; T6: Admire 200SL (Imidachorpid) @ 0.25 ml/Land T7: Control. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The lowest number of whitefly infestation per plant in the vegetative stage (4.18) and reproductive stage (2.13) was recorded from T6 treatment, whereas the highest (14.44) and (8.10) was recorded from T7 treatment in respective stage. Thrips infestation was higher (6.32) per 5 flower was recorded from T7 treatment whereas lower infestation (1.88) per 10 flower was recorded from T6. The lowest yield per hectare (1.27 ton) was found in T7 and lowest benefit cost ratio (4.16) was found in T5 whereas highest yield per hectare (1.53 ton) was found in T6 and highest benefit cost ratio (12.81) was found in T3 treatment. Among the management practices for controlling whitefly and thrips of mungbean Admire 200SL @ 0.25 ml/L of water was more effective which was followed by Voliam Flexi (Thiamethoxam+Chlorantraniliprole) @ 0.25 ml/L of water Farmers should use Admire 200SL(Imidachorpid) @ 0.25 ml/L of water at 10 days interval for controlling whitefly and thrips in mungbean.

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Seed Yam Production Using High-Quality Minitubers Derived from Plants Established with Vine Cuttings

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11050978 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 978

Author(s):

Beatrice Aighewi ◽

Norbert Maroya ◽

Lava Kumar ◽

Morufat Balogun ◽

Daniel Aihebhoria ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Research Station ◽

International Institute ◽

Tropical Agriculture ◽

Single Node ◽

Cropping Season ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

The World ◽

Cropping Seasons ◽

Set Up

Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is a valuable food security crop in West Africa, where 92% of the world production occurs. The availability of quality seed tubers for increased productivity is a major challenge. In this study, minitubers weighing 1, 3, and 5 g produced from virus-free single-node vine cuttings of two improved yam varieties (Asiedu and Kpamyo) growing in an aeroponics system were assessed for suitability in seed production at a population of 100,000 plants ha−1. A 3 × 2 factorial experiment with randomized complete block design and three replications was set up during the cropping seasons of 2017 to 2019 at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Research Station in Kubwa, Abuja, Nigeria. Results showed field establishments of 87%–97.8%. Yields differed with minituber size, variety, and cropping season; the highest was 31.2 t ha−1 in 2019 and the lowest, 10 t ha−1 in 2018 from 5 and 1 g Kpamyo minitubers, respectively. The estimated number of tubers produced per hectare by 1, 3, and 5 g minitubers was 101,296, 112,592, and 130,555, with mean weights per stand of 159.2, 187.3, and 249.4 g, respectively. We recommend using less than 6 g minitubers for seed yam production due to their high multiplication rates.

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Bioefficacy of some biorational insecticides for the control of Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877, (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on greenhouse grown cucumber

Acta agriculturae Slovenica ◽

10.14720/aas.2016.107.2.14 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 107 (2) ◽

pp. 419 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohammad Saeed Emami

Keyword(s):

Broad Spectrum ◽

Block Design ◽

Aphis Gossypii ◽

Coconut Oil ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Aphis Gossypii Glover ◽

Sodium Sulfosuccinate ◽

Set Up

Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877 is a serious pest of cucumber in greenhouse plantings. Biorational insecticides are an alternative of broad spectrum insecticides for aphid suppression in greenhouse. In this regards, the efficiency of some biorational insecticides including soap based on coconut oil, surfactant based on sodium sulfosuccinate and antifeeding based on potassium nicotinate were assayed on A. gossypii in the cucumber greenhouse. The trials were set up in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Samplings were carried out one day before spraying and 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after spraying. The data were submitted to ANOVA and the means comparison was performed using Duncan’s test. The results indicated that the highest mortality in insecticidal soap, surfactant and antifeeding treatments occurred after 3 days, with 78.47 %, 67.16 % and 60.48 % mortality, respectively. The results of the trials are discussed in terms of improving management of the populations of A. gossypii.

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Alternatives to sowing vegetable type soybeans

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology ◽

10.1590/s1516-89131998000400007 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 429-436 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Edcarlos Mannfredini ◽

Deonisio Destro ◽

Martin Homechin ◽

Gustavo Sachsida ◽

Édison Miglioranza

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Block Design ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Flowering Plant ◽

Food Type ◽

Individual Plant ◽

Crop Failure ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Set Up ◽

Disposable Plastic

Today, soybean crops of the Tamba Kurodaisu cultivar are sown in beds prior to transplantation to the field. This planting system has caused crop failure due to damage to the root system. An experiment to test different sowing alternatives to obtain plantlets for cropping of food type big seeded soybean was set up with the following treatments: sowing in beds; sowing in 130 cm³ newspaper cups; sowing in test tubes of volumes of 30 cm³, 60 cm³ and 70 cm³; sowing in 70 cm³ disposable plastic cups; sowing on 90 cm³ styrofoam trays. A randomized complete block design was used, and the following traits were assessed: germination percentage; number of days to flowering; plant height at flowering; number of days to maturity; plant height at maturity; number of seeds per plant; individual plant yield; weight of a hundred seeds. Results should that three methods could be used to set up Tamba Kurodaisu cultivar crops: sowing in disposable plastic cups, sowing in beds with later transplant, or direct sowing in the field.

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Effects of plant density and proportion on the interaction between wheat with alexandergrass plants

Bragantia ◽

10.1590/s0006-87052011000100007 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 40-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Leonardo Bianco de Carvalho ◽

Pedro Luis da Costa Aguiar Alves ◽

José Valcir Fidelis Martins

Keyword(s):

Growth And Development ◽

Plant Density ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Replacement Series ◽

Mixture Experiment ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Production Characteristics

Determination of competitive relationships among plant species requires appropriate experimental designs and method of analysis. The hypothesis of this research was that two species growing in coexistence show different growth and development due to their relative competitiveness. This research aims to measure the relative competitiveness of wheat crop compared to Alexandergrass by the interpretation of plant density and proportional effects using replacement series experiments. Monocultures were cultivated in densities of 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 plants per pot and analyzed by regression of dry mass data. Mixture experiment was cultivated in wheat:Alexandergrass proportions of 0:6, 1:5, 2:4, 3:3, 4:2, 5:1 and 6:0 plants per pot and analyzed by graphical interpretation of growth and production characteristics. Both experiments were carried out in randomized complete block design with four replicates. Alexandergrass was more sensitive to intraspecific competition than wheat. Alexandergrass was lightly more competitive than wheat. Number and weight of spikes and number of tillers were the wheat characteristics more affected by Alexandergrass interference.

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VARIAÇÃO LONGITUDINAL E EFEITO DO ESPAÇAMENTO NA MASSA ESPECÍFICA BÁSICA DA MADEIRA DE Mimosa scabrella E Ateleia glazioveana

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v43i2.29266 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 327 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elder Eloy ◽

Braulio Otomar Caron ◽

Rômulo Trevisan ◽

Denise Schmidt ◽

Magda Lea Bolzan Zanon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Wood Quality ◽

Basic Density ◽

Technological Characteristic ◽

Diameter At Breast Height ◽

Breast Height ◽

Living Space ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Axial Variation ◽

Set Up

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a variação longitudinal e o efeito do espaçamento de plantio na massa específica básica das árvores de Mimosa scabrella Benth e Ateleia glazioveana Baill, aos 36 meses de idade. Analisou-se um experimento instalado em delineamento de blocos completos casualizados, com três repetições. Os tratamentos foram definidos em função dos espaçamentos (2,0x1,0 m, 2,0x1,5 m, 3,0x1,0 m e 3,0x1,5 m). Foram avaliadas 72 árvores, sendo essas medidas e cubadas pelo método de Smalian. Em seguida, foram retirados discos nas posições do tronco: 0,10 m (base), 1,30 m do solo (DAP – Diâmetro a Altura do Peito), 25%, 50% e 75% da altura total da árvore, para determinação da massa específica básica. A massa específica básica em árvores de Mimosa scabrella apresentou um decréscimo até a região do DAP, seguido de acréscimo, sem tendência de estabilização com a altura. A Ateleia glazioveana apresentou uma tendência de decréscimo no sentido base-topo das árvores. Os espaçamentos influenciaram a variação da massa específica básica em árvores de Mimosa scabrella e Ateleia glazioveana, não sendo verificada uma variação sistemática positiva ou negativa em relação ao espaço vital proporcionado.Palavras-chave: Variação axial; característica tecnológica da madeira; qualidade da madeira; espaçamento de plantio. AbstractLongitudinal variation and effect of spacing on basic density wood of Mimosa scabrella and Ateleia glazioveana. This study aimed to evaluate the variation in length and effect of spacing of the basic density of Mimosa scabrella Benth e Ateleia glazioveana Baill, trees with 36 months of age. We analyzed an experiment set up in randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were defined by the spacing (2.0x1.0 m, 2.0x1.5 m, 3.0x1.0 m, 3.0x1.5 m). 72 trees were evaluated, and these measures and scaled by the method of Smalian. Then, the disks were removed from the trunk positions: 0.10 m (base), 1.30 m (DAP - diameter at breast height), 25%, 50% and 75% of the total height of the tree, determining the basic density. The basic density in trees of Mimosa scabrella showed a decrease to the region of the DAP, followed by addition, without a tendency to stabilize with time. The Ateleia glazioveana showed a decreasing trend towards bottom-up tree. The spacing influenced the variation of basic density in trees of Mimosa scabrella e Ateleia glazioveana not been verified a systematic positive or negative trend in relation to the living space provided. Keywords: Axial variation; technological characteristic of wood; wood quality; planting space.

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Plot size for evaluation of Arabica coffee yield

Acta Scientiarum Agronomy ◽

10.4025/actasciagron.v41i1.42712 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. e42712

Author(s):

Bráulio Fabiano Xavier de Moraes ◽

Fernando Henrique Ribeiro Barroso Toledo ◽

Kaio Olímpio das Graças Dias ◽

Vinícius Teixeira Andrade ◽

Daniel Furtado Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Basic Unit ◽

Parameter Estimates ◽

Coffee Production ◽

Resampling Methods ◽

Arabica Coffee ◽

Plot Size ◽

Coffee Yield ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Set Up

In most cases, in genetic breeding of Arabica coffee, plot size is defined in an empirical manner. It is often based only on the experience of the breeders and the availability of resources, potentially leading to a reduction in precision. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the size of the experimental plot for evaluation of coffee yield. We evaluated two experiments for validation of cultivars with 12 treatments set up in a randomized complete block design with three replicates and plots composed of 50 plants. Each plant was considered as a basic unit. Estimates of ideal plot size were made by maximum curvature of the coefficient of variation, linear-plateau segmented model and by the resampling methods. We discussed the variations in the parameter estimates for different plot sizes. Divergence was seen among the plot sizes estimated by the different methodologies. Increasing the number of plants per plot led to a higher experimental precision to the point that the increase was no longer significant. The plot size recommended for evaluating coffee production is from seven to 19 plants.

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Performance of Six Genotypes of Tritordeum Compare to Bread Wheat under East Mediterranean Condition

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12229700 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (22) ◽

pp. 9700

Author(s):

Ioanna Kakabouki ◽

Dimitrios F. Beslemes ◽

Evangelia L. Tigka ◽

Antigolena Folina ◽

Stella Karydogianni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bread Wheat ◽

Block Design ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Significance Level ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Gluten Content ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Dry Conditions ◽

Set Up

Four advanced tritordeum lines were studied and compared to two commercial varieties of tritordeum and wheat cultivars in yield and quality features, in Greece. For this purpose, a two-year experiment was established in the Greek territory. The field experiment was set up in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with blocks, with different lines and varieties. Head emergence was calculated based on Growing Degree Days (GDDs), which was significantly affected by the year. The significance of differences between treatments was estimated by using Fisher’s least significant difference (LSD) test with significance level p = 0.05. The weight of 1000 seeds of the two commercial varieties differed from the equivalent weight of 1000 seeds of tritordeum lines, approximately 1 g. Yield was significantly affected by lines/varieties and year. Compared to tritordeum yield, wheat yield marked the highest values. This difference was almost 2 kg ha−1. Gluten content was significantly affected by lines/varieties. The highest gluten content was firstly noticed at wheat GENESIS (34.2%) variety and secondly at tritordeum Aucan (33.2%) variety. Protein was higher in tritordeum lines HT-1704 (15.5%), HT-1707 (15.1%) and Aucan variety (15.2%) during the first experimental year. Tritordeum seems to have significant adaptability to dry conditions in Greece and significant yields compared to the existing commercial varieties and bread wheat.

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Evaluation of Nematicidal Activity of Fluensulfone against Meloidogyne incognita in Bell Pepper Crop

International Journal of Plant & Soil Science ◽

10.9734/ijpss/2020/v32i1030339 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 52-59

Author(s):

José Alonso Calvo- Araya ◽

Nery Zapata- Montes

Keyword(s):

Meloidogyne Incognita ◽

Block Design ◽

Nematicidal Activity ◽

Bell Pepper ◽

Single Application ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Horticultural Crops ◽

Final Population ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Set Up

The evaluation of nematicidal activity of the non- fumigant nematicide (fluensulfone) was evaluated for the control of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in bell pepper crop (Capsicum annuum L.) under field conditions. The experiment was set up under a randomized complete block design with four replications. Six treatments were assessed for control of M. incognita: four doses of fluensulfone, one of the nematicide oxamyl and a control without application of nematicides. Ten days before transplanting, nematicides were applied in a single application via irrigation systems. The lowest final population densities of M. incognita in bell pepper crop were recorded in plots treated with fluensulfone at the dose of 2.75 L.ha-1, with an average of 25 juveniles. The higher percentage of efficacy was obtained with the application of fluensulfone at a dose of 2.75 L.ha-1. Fluensulfone showed a more efficient nematicidal activity as compared with oxamyl, which is the most used nematicide in horticultural crops in Mexico. Our results indicated that fluensulfone can be used as an alternative nematicide for the control of M. incognita in horticultural crops.

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Influence of Diazinon on iron avilability in Indian spinach with different doses of rice hull as a bioremediant

Journal of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Management ◽

10.3329/jbcbm.v3i2.36028 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 57-62

Author(s):

MD Alam ◽

TF Khan ◽

F Akhter

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Sampling Period ◽

Rice Hull ◽

Plant Sample ◽

Soil System ◽

Basella Alba ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Set Up ◽

Harmful Effects ◽

Different Doses

A pot culture experiment was conducted to study the effects of diazinon pesticide on the availability of heavy metals of plant with the application of different doses of rice hull. For this purpose, an upland leafy vegetable, namely Indian spinach (Basella alba) was used. Seven different treatments including a control following a randomized complete block design (RCBD) were used in the experimental set-up. Three soil and plant sample were taken at three different periods, viz. 6 hours, 15 days and 30 days, after application of the diazinon. The soil and plant samples were analyzed in the laboratory to determine their contents of Fe and diazinon pesticide. The soil contained lower concentration of Fe compared to that of the plant. In most of the cases, soil Fe decreased gradually in the sampling periods. Soil diazinon content increased and then decreased at third sampling period for all treatments. The rice hull as bioremediant was able to restrict the uptake of diazinon by plants and could bring the pesticide into the soil system. The application of diazinon initially affected soil, but it disappeared gradually from the soil with time due to degradation, evaporation and transportation. At second sampling period, the diazinon content was highest in both soil and plant. The present study showed positive response of rice hull as bioremediation and this finding can be used to minimize the harmful effects of pesticide.J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2017, 3(2): 57-62

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