scholarly journals Silvopastoral Systems Contribute to Water Buffalo Welfare and Normal Behavior Pattern Under Eastern Amazon Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 260
Author(s):  
Núbia De Fátima Alves Dos Santos ◽  
Jamile Andréa Rodrigues Da Silva ◽  
Airton Alencar De Araújo ◽  
Rinaldo Batista Viana ◽  
Alexandre Rossetto Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Behavior Pattern ◽  
Silvopastoral System ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Normal Behavior ◽  
Intense Solar Radiation ◽  
Harmful Effects

This research aimed to study the behavior of female Murrah buffaloes in a silvopastoral system. The trial was carried out at Embrapa Eastern Amazon, under Afi climate according to the Köppen classification, between August and November 2009, during the less rainy season. Three different periods of the day were considered during activity evaluation: morning period – between 6:00 AM and 9:55 AM; intermediary period – between 10:00 AM and 1:55 PM; and afternoon period – between 2:00 PM and 5:55 PM. The animals were maintained in a silvopastoral system (SPS) (ST; n=10) with shade from Racosperma mangium. The meteorological variables of temperature and relative air humidity were measured, as well as the following animal behavior variables: time grazing, ruminating and idling, time standing and lying, and time in shaded and non-shaded areas. These variables were compared by T test (P<0.05). Air temperatures were higher in the non-shaded area of the SPS. All activities were reduced in the intermediary period, except idling. The grazing and rumination times in the morning were longer in non-shaded areas, while the time idling standing was longer during the intermediary period in shaded areas as a way of avoiding the harmful effects of the intense solar radiation and high air temperatures of the Amazonian humid climate. Hence, SPSs may contribute to animal welfare and increase their productive behavior.

Influence of relative air humidity and movement on human thermal perception in classrooms in a hot and humid climate

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 98-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Buonocore ◽  
Renata De Vecchi ◽  
Veridiana Scalco ◽  
Roberto Lamberts
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Perception ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Hot And Humid Climate

scholarly journals Feeding behavior of crossbred pigs reared intensively in Southeastern Nigeria.

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-278
Author(s):  
B. I. Odo ◽  
S. O. Alaku ◽  
B. U. Ekenyem
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Feeding Behaviors ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Normal Behavior ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Courtship Behaviors ◽  
Crossbred Pigs

 The in situ feeding behavior of pigs was studied for a period of 18 weeks using 3 different but clinically healthy crossbred pigs of varying genotypes. Results showed that there was no marked difference in the pre-feeding, feeding and post-feeding behaviors of the different hybrids used. Observation of feeding behavior showed that all animals fed (picked feed) very intensively during the first 35 minutes of introduction of feed Other activities observed include playing/bullying drinking wallowing, social and courtship behaviors. Rooting and other behaviors like climbing of pen walls were also observed There was no significant difference (P>O.05) in time spent during ingestion (picking of feed) between LW x LC and LC x L crosses. However there was significant difference (P< O. 05) in time spent during ingestion between LWxLC with LWxL crosses, and LCxL with LWxL crosses The total feeding time was slightly higher O. 05) in LWxL than, either of the Other groups. Rooting time was slightly lower in LWx L crosses than in any other group. Total time spent on other major activities like drinking wallowing, playing/ bullying, social/courtship behaviors was slightly higher (P < 0.05) in LWxLC and LWxL than LWxLC crosses. Knowledge of animal behavior is important for improved productivity as well as animal welfare since q deviation from the normal behavior is an indication of ill health.

scholarly journals ​Ecotoxicology and Its Impact on Ecosystem: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.P. Singh ◽  
Naresh Chandra ◽  
Madhu Swamy ◽  
Shashi Bharti
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Pattern ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Toxic Chemical ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
New Science ◽  
Human Interventions ◽  
Risk Assessment And Prevention ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Proper Disposal

Ecotoxicology is a relatively new science that helps to protect the existing ecosystem from toxic environmental pollutants. The scientists are working towards prediction, observation, monitoring, risk assessment and prevention from these toxicants and their harmful effects on population, community and ecosystem. It is a multidisciplinary field, which integrates toxicology, chemistry and ecology. Presently the human interventions and chemical production without proper disposal are one of the most responsible factors for presence of harmful pollutants in the biosphere. The toxic chemical may cause detrimental effects like change in behavior pattern of population, reduced growth, physiological and molecular changes and developmental changes ultimately may change the whole exposed ecosystem. Although, ecotoxicologists are facing a lot of problems to predict the effect of a chemical on an individual living population, they are doing a great job to protect our ecosystem.

scholarly journals Tourism Climate Comfort Index (TCCI) – An attempt to evaluate the climate comfort for tourism purposes: the example of Serbia

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 482-493 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Comfort Index ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Climate Parameters ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Mathematical Correlation ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Tourism Climate ◽  
Climate Comfort

<div> <p>This paper proposes one new attempt to formulate a mathematical approach to climate parameters in the context of their complex implications for tourist activities through the tourism climate comfort index (TCCI). This paper also aims to formulate an original and optimal mathematical correlation between readily obtainable climate parameters (mean monthly air temperature, monthly amplitude of air temperatures, monthly insolation, average monthly relative air humidity and the number of rainy days), which results in values of the TCCI. Simultaneously, this index will provide the values correspondent to the values of air temperatures (&deg;C), which represents a comparative baseline understandable equally for tourists, tourism planners and managers. The example of Serbia as a mainland country in the south-east of Europe was used to apply the proposed methodology. The spatial-temporal variability of TCCI is formulated on basis of data for the period 1961-2000 while for testing model was used selected period 2001-2010 on the sample of 26 meteorological stations distributed all around Serbia. For this purpose a standard statistical techniques were applied and ArcGIS software was used for analyze of the variability of the TCCI in relation to the altitude, which is of particular importance for the development of tourism in the mountains. Checking variability of the index was carried out in relation to statistical data about number of tourists on the three most visited tourist destinations which are of importance for the development of urban, mountain and spa tourism, the leading forms of tourism activities on the territory of Serbia. The obtained results correspond with the fact of the pronounced seasonality of tourism market and thus may represent a good basis for future tourism planning and management.</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals Urban-Scale Evaluation of Cool Pavement Impacts on the Urban Heat Island Effect and Climate Change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hessam Azarijafari ◽  
Jeremy Gregory ◽  
Randolph Kirchain
Keyword(s):  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Incident Radiation ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Context Sensitive ◽  
Island Effect ◽  
Air Temperatures

We implemented a context-sensitive and prospective framework to assess the global warming potential (GWP) impacts of cool pavement strategies on specific roads for different cities. The approach incorporates several interconnections among different elements of the built environment, such as buildings and urban road segments, as well as the transportation fleet, using specific building and pavement information from an urban area. We show that increasing pavement albedo lowers urban air temperatures but can adversely affect the building energy demand in the areas with high incident radiation exposure. The heating energy savings and the radiative forcing effect improve the GWP savings in a cold and humid climate condition. The total GWP saving intensity is sensitive to the city morphology and road traffic. Our probabilistic results show that cool pavement strategies can offset 1.0-3.0% and 0.7-6.0% of the total GHG emissions of the US cities Boston and Phoenix, respectively, for a 50-year analysis period. The worldwide range of savings can be as large as 5.0 - 44.7 Gt CO2eq. A paradigm shift in pavement strategy selection is required in most of the neighborhoods.

Influence of meteorological conditions on ripening of grape shoots in south areas of Western Siberia

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
G. A. Makarova
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
The South ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Large Fluctuations ◽  
June July ◽  
Grape Varieties

Introduced grape varieties were studied in the south of Western Siberia in order to identify the effects of unfavourable factors of the growing season on the ripening of grape shoots. Weather conditions in the south of Western Siberia during the vegetation periods 2012-2017 were characterized by large fluctuations in water and temperature conditions; there were sharp changes not only in different years, but also during one season. Compared with long-term average data, a significant increase of relative air humidity and the amount of precipitation was noted from May to September. In 2016-2017 sharp changes of the amount of precipitation by months were marked (dry June, over-moistened July). The most unfavorable weather conditions for grape crop were the conditions of the growing season of 2013 with excessive rainfall (410.3 mm), very low average monthly air temperatures in May, June, July, September and the sum of active temperatures (2031.7°C). Under the influence of meteorological conditions, the terms of the beginning of the studied phenological phase changed very significantly over the years (30-62 days). Shoots ripening in years with favourable weather conditions (2012, 2015) began from July 14-August 1, with unfavorable (2013, 2017) — September 11-15. In one grape variety, insignificant variability of the degree of the studied character was revealed by years, in two — medium, in eight — high. Shoots ripened better in warmer and less humid 2012 (66.8-94.1 %) and in 2015 (58.4-92.5 %). Varieties with very poor ripening (33.0-46.9 %) Arkady, Kodryanka, Tomaysky are unsuitable for cultivation under production conditions and recommended for cultivation in amateur gardens with additional shelter. Varieties with maximum ripening of shoots on average over the years were selected from the American group White Pearls, Latvian Pink (83.1-84.9 %), Amurian Adel, Vaskovsky Souvenir, Hasan Bousa (65.5-79.3 %).

scholarly journals Solar assisted liquid desiccant cooling using clay based membranes

2018 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 04011
Author(s):  
S. Shanmuga Priya ◽  
Sneha Reddy ◽  
Priyadarshini Balachandar ◽  
Sanober Wadhwania
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Hvac Systems ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Liquid Desiccant ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Intense Solar Radiation

The environmental concerns have led to the urge of the usage of non-conventional energy resources like solar, wind, thermal, geothermal etc. which provide enormous source of energy without causing any further diminution of the environment. Instead of the conventional HVAC systems that cause colossal environmental perils, usage of liquid desiccants in coming in vogue whereby reducing ecological threats. Moreover, solar assisted systems provide further impulse to such systems. This paper discusses about the various comparisons between liquid desiccants: Lithium chloride, Potassium formate and Calcium chloride and concludes that potassium formate is the best desiccant to be used among the three. Potassium formate (HCOOK) is used which is cheaper and less corrosive as compared to the other aqueous salts, and has a negative crystallization temperature. Potassium formate is a new liquid desiccant and thus, not much research is available currently. The weather conditions of Manipal provide an appropriate condition for the experimentations of solar aided liquid desiccant evaporative cooling systems due to its humid climate and intense solar radiation obtained. The small scale experimentation also encounters the problem of liquid desiccant carryover by the air flow, with the help of clay based membranes which are again cheap, environmentally benign and obtained in a facile way. The projected system takes complete advantage of pure solar energy aimed at the regeneration of liquid desiccant.

scholarly journals Ammonia concentrations in a free-stall dairy barn

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Herbut ◽  
Sabina Angrecka
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Movement Velocity ◽  
Air Movement ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Low Humidity

AbstractThe paper presents the results of research on indoor ammonia (NH3) concentrations in the air in a free-stall barn. The differences in measurement results mainly depended on the season and weather conditions. The study also showed a significant correlation (P<0.01) between the NH3 concentration and temperature, relative humidity and air movement velocity inside the barn. The lowest NH3 concentration was recorded in the summer (0.0 ppm) in the presence of high air temperatures, low humidity and increased exchange of ventilated air. In winter during severe frosts, highest ammonia concentration (8.0 ppm) was noted, caused by limited ventilation. The highest daily ammonia concentration was usually recorded during the night. This was due to increased relative air humidity and low air velocities. It was concluded that the average level of ammonia of 2.73 ppm during the entire year was significantly below values defined as harmful for animals and people.

Human ethology: concepts and implications for the sciences of man

1979 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irenäus Eibl-Eibesfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Behavior Pattern ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Patterns ◽  
Selection Pressures ◽  
Fixed Action ◽  
Human Ethology

AbstractHuman ethology is defined as the biology of human behavior. The methods it employs and the questions it poses are elaborations of those generally used in the various fields of biology, but especially adapted to the study of man. Observation and experimentation in the natural and seminatural setting as well as the comparative method derived from morphology play important roles in human ethology, and the exploration of phylogenetic adaptations constitutes one of its focal interests. On the basis of observations on experientially deprived and nondeprived children, comparative primate and animal behavior studies, and cross-cultural investigations, certain universal phylogenetic adaptations (in terms of fixed action patterns, innate releasing mechanisms, releasers, innate motivating mechanisms, and innate learning dispositions) have been found to occur. However, human ethology does not restrict itself to the investigation of phylogenetic adaptations. The question as to how a behavior pattern contributes to survival can be posed with respect to cultural patterns as well. Similar selection pressures have shaped both culturally and phylogenetically evolved patterns. Through cross-cultural studies a number of universal social interaction strategies have been discovered.

scholarly journals Silvicultural performance of eucaliptus and animal behavior in a silvopastoral system

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giselle Feliciani Barbosa ◽  
Wolff Camargo Marques Filho ◽  
Simone Cândido Ensinas ◽  
Daiane Cristina Flávio ◽  
Isabela Machado de Oliveira Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Silvopastoral System ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Animal Component ◽  
Tree Development ◽  
Agricultural Production Systems

Silvopastoral system, in which trees and forage species are grown in the same area together with animals, has emerged as a sustainable alternative of agricultural production systems. However, information on different silvicultural arrangements and combinations of forest, animal and grazing components in this system are still scarce. Thus, this study followed the silvicultural performance of the forest component (Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis, eucalyptus hybrid, clone I-144) under different population arrangements in a silvopastoral system through periodic dendrometric evaluations and determined the impact of animal component (Nellore females) on tree development and ingestive behavior of animals subjected to rotational grazing in Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu. The study was conducted at Agropecuária Ouro Branco, located in Bandeirantes, MS, Brazil. Total height, diameter at breast height, and wood volume per hectare were evaluated in three- and five-row ranks. To indicate plant growth, the current and average annual increments were calculated. Animal behavior was evaluated based on the periodic observation of 15 animals randomly selected in the lot. The initial performance of forest component was satisfactory in both populations, but growth indicators indicated greater current and average annual increments in the five-row rank. The presence of forest component does not interfere with the ingestive behavior and wellbeing of animals in the silvopastoral system, as well as, the presence of animal component does not interfere in the plants silvicultural development.

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