scholarly journals Protection of women rights through legal reforms in Pakistan

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Naveeda Noreen ◽  
Prof. Dr. Razia Musarrat
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Legal Reforms ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Building Activities ◽  
Women Rights ◽  
Status Of Women

This paper presents the status of women rights in Pakistan and protection of these rights under the umbrella of legal reforms. After independence the women of Pakistan played an active role in nation building activities as well for their own social uplift. International organizations played special attention towards the issue of women empowerment During Ayub Era Muslim Family Law Ordinance 1961 was promulgated which is regarded as a first step forward for the protection of women rights. During Zia regime discriminatory laws were introduced which disturbed the equilibrium between male and female in the society. These laws put a negative impact on the status of women. Women organizations protested against Hudood Laws and demanded to repeal it. During the period of Musharruf new laws were introduced for the protection of women rights(women Protection Act 2006),it is regarded as golden era in context of legislation made for women empowerment .The process of legal reforms is in progression .The women are still subjugated to many criminal acts like harassment at work place ,attempted rape and acid throwing. There is a need of devising effective implementation mechanism in true letter and spirit for the safeguard of women rights.

scholarly journals Gender and Modernization in Turkey

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tülin Tuna
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Legal Reforms ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
The Status ◽  
Key Words Gender ◽  
Status Of Women

This article aims to explain gender equality in Turkey. The gender concept which implies socially determined roles and responsibilities of men and women varies across different societies and in time. The gender is determined by multiple factors. Besides gender has an impact on every period of life in different ways. There can be inequality in using the opportunities, allocation and utilization of resources, accessing the services because of gender. Women have more disadvantages and lower social statuses compared with men are influenced much negative from so-called inequalities. Several reforms have been carried out since beginning of Turkish Republic in order to provide gender equality. These reforms aim to boost the woman’s economic, cultural and social development. However, today sex based inequality is one of the foremost current problems, although these reforms. When the status of woman in Turkey is examined, it is observed that education level of woman has low and involvement in business life is inadequate. Together with this fact, it is obvious that woman could not exceed gender role despite legal reforms in Turkey and take its place in political area. However, fertility conscious of women started to increase. Therefore, the rates of fertility decrease. To sum up, it was observed that today there are many stages in order to reach the level desired in regard to provide gender equality.   Key Words: Gender in Turkey, Gender equality, The Status of Women in Turkey.

scholarly journals STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING THE STANDARD OF WOMEN EMPOWERMENT PROGRAMMES IN NIGERIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Calorine O Olumokoro
Keyword(s):  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Situational Analysis ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Concerted Effort ◽  
Girl Child ◽  
Educational Stakeholders ◽  
The Status ◽  
Training Programmes ◽  
Status Of Women

This paper examines the strategies for improving the standard of women empowerment programmes in Nigeria which have not been adequately maintained and sustained over the years. The paper shows that despite the laudable programmes put in place by education agencies to elevate the status of women, certain factors tend to hinder access to the successful utilization of education opportunities by women. The paper discusses the concepts of empowerment and development, highlights the empowerment programmes and the situational analysis of women educational status and recommends, among others, that the empowerment of women should start from the grassroots by organizing training programmes with skill acquisition centres for women by government agencies and other educational stakeholders. The girl-child should be properly enrolled in schools early enough in order to overcome the primary set back of illiteracy. Education requires the concerted effort of all concerned as opposed to abandoning the responsibility to government alone.

Women's Legal Rights

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Bond
Keyword(s):  
Women's Rights ◽  
African Women ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Women’S Rights ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Legal Reforms ◽  
The Status ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Health Rights ◽  
Status Of Women

In the colonial and postcolonial period, African women have advocated for legal reforms that would improve the status of women across the continent. During the colonial period, European common and civil law systems greatly influenced African indigenous legal systems and further entrenched patriarchal aspects of the law. In the years since independence, women’s rights advocates have fought, with varying degrees of success, for women’s equality within the constitution, the family, the political arena, property rights, rights to inheritance, rights to be free from gender-based violence, rights to control their reproductive lives and health, rights to education, and many other aspects of life. Legal developments at the international, national, and local levels reflect the efforts of countless African women’s rights activists to improve the status of women within the region.

scholarly journals http://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/176

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-66
Author(s):  
Zahida Parveen ◽  
◽  
Aijaz Ali Khoso
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Minority Communities ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Right ◽  
Partition Of India ◽  
Personal Law ◽  
Women Rights ◽  
Status Of Women

The particular nature of partition of India left the different religious communities with strained relations. The bloody backdrop made an imperative on the newly independent nation to sort out the majority-minority relationships amidst communities. The nation started with a centralizing tendency. The two nation theory based on religious identities shaped the post-independence politics to a great extent. Minority communities were given social and cultural rights but nonpolitical rights. As a part of cultural rights, these communities were left on their own with regard to marriage, divorce, inheritance etc. The nascent nation faced the dilemma of balancing the rights of different groups. As a result mere equality before law was substantiated by the right of members of minority communities to have the liberty to lead a life in accordance with their cultural practices. Islam has been focusing on chastity of the society and for this it describes rules and manners to be followed. On the other hand, West particularly in its modern capitalistic perspective gives its followers to lead a hedonistic life having no clutch on individual desires. West uses feministic sound louder and louder to portray itself the champion of Women rights but it has been observed that West through this campaign also tries to get its objectives against Islam. In this paper an attempt has been taken to highlighting how the West influences Muslim personal law in the subcontinent. At the same time, in this paper, an effort has also been made to resolve some repeated objections regarding the status of Women eruditely.

scholarly journals Women Empowerment: Issues and Challenges

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivasa Murthy A T
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Total Income ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
Status Of Women

Women’s Empowerment has been an issue of immense discussions and contemplation over the last few decades world-wide. This as an agenda has been on top of the lists of most government plans & programs as well. Efforts have been made on a regular basis across nations to address this issue and enhance the socio-economic status of women. However, it has been observed that most of the policies and programs view empowerment in the economic sense only working in the belief that economic self-reliance empowers women ignoring other variables like health, education, literacy etc. Introduction In the history of human development, woman has been as important as man. In fact, the status, employment and work performed by women in society is the indicator of a nation’s overall progress. Without the participation of women in national activities, the social, economical or political progress of a country will be stagnated. Women constitute half of the humanity, even contributing two-thirds of world’s work hours. She earns only one-third of the total income and owns less than one-tenth of the world’s resources. This shows that the economic status of women is in pathetic condition and this is more so in a country like India., “women constitute nearly 50 per cent of population, perform two-thirds of the work and produce 50 per cent of food commodities consumed by the country. They earn one third of remuneration and own 10 per cent of the property or wealth of the country” (Reddy et al., 1994).

scholarly journals A Study on Social and Educational Status of Girls in Anand Taluka

2019 ◽  
pp. 225-229
Author(s):  
Ketal Vadhel
Keyword(s):  
Gender Bias ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Rural Environment ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Status ◽  
Status Of Women

Despite the progress that has been made by India in many areas, it is sad that girls and women still face discrimination in many areas including education which results in their low educational and social status. Education is the key factor for girl’s empowerment, prosperity, development and welfare. The researcher in this study found that there are several problems faced by girls- with regard to their education like child marriage, gender bias, dowry, financial constraints, lack of transportation facilities, cultural beliefs, rural environment, traditional thoughts, family responsibilities and parents’ lack of awareness. Majority respondents are of the opinion that it is only through education girls can have complete empowerment and this can bring complete transformation in the societies. The status of women is also found below as many respondents reported that they do not participate in the decision makings of families. At work place also they face gender discrimination, verbal, physical and sexual harassments and many other problems.

scholarly journals Women Empowerment in Amish’s The Ramchandra Series: A Dharmic Narrative

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-130
Author(s):  
Jayavelu D ◽  
Mamta Pillai
Keyword(s):  
Women Characters ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
Female Protagonists ◽  
The Status ◽  
Traditional Norms ◽  
Women In India ◽  
Status Of Women

The portrayal of women in literary texts over the centuries has been stuck in the conviction that women are enormously subjugated, but now repetition of the same is considered unjustified. The canon of reformers in the literary world has started to interpret feminism from various perspectives. Women characters are reformulated and rethought by the new emerging authors and those authors reinforce a new dimension to the status and moral experience of women which was largely criticized in the domain of traditional literature. The present research, therefore, intends to elicit the narrative technique of Amish’s writings and his treatment of women characters in his novels. Amish’s women characters falsify the claims of traditional portrayal. The female protagonists of his novels highlight the punctuated identities of Indian women. They are strong, challenge traditional norms. In this regard Amish’s the Ram Chandra Series is a mythical fiction based on mythology of Ramayana with a multilinear narrative. This paper is intended to provide a brief and authentic exposition of status of women in India during the Vedic times with reference to the women characters in Amish’s the Ram Chandra Series in every aspect of social order like education, philosophy, religion, administration and warfare.

scholarly journals Microcredit and Women's Empowerment

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-66
Author(s):  
Samjhana Wagle
Keyword(s):  
Hard Core ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Access To Finance ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Poor Women ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Finance Control ◽  
Status Of Women

This paper aims to examine whether the microcredit (MC) programme, a financial mechanism to provide small amount of credit to the poor, had improved the status of poor women in the family as well as in society i.e. empowerment status of women. The research is based on primary survey of three settlements in the periphery of Bandipur Municipality of Tanahun district. For survey, a sample of 30 women were selected which represented 15 percent women beneficiaries of microcredit from the study area. The respondents were selected by using systematic random sampling. In addition to questionnaire survey, KII with six local persons and two FGDs were also conducted. The paper has used the conceptual framework of Sara Longwe (1990) to examine women empowerment. The findings are derived by comparing the position of women in various family affairs such as access to finance, control over income and expenditure, children's education and participation in social meetings etc., prior to and after participation in MC programmes. The results showed that most of the females who received microcredit reported socioeconomic empowerment through access to capital, control over resources, decision making power, etc. The findings, however, varied with regard to Dalit, Janajati and Brahmin/Chhetri women and those women in hard core poverty and landless families are still out of the reach of MC programmes. Those who are engaged in income earning activities with the MC need to be supported financially and technically to upscale their business so that the cumulative effect would also contribute to the improving various macro-economic indicators of the economy.

scholarly journals Breaking Up the Family: Divorce in Egyptian Law and Practice

Hawwa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Bernard-Maugiron ◽  
Baudouin Dupret
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Family Law ◽  
Legal Reforms ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
Personal Status ◽  
Sociological Approaches ◽  
Status Of Women

AbstractIf the legal status of women wishing to end an unhappy marriage has undoubtedly improved through the codification process of personal status law in Egypt in the twentieth century, it still remains very unequal in comparison to the privileges enjoyed by men in that field. Moreover, the practical effects of these legal reforms can be questioned. This chapter will study marriage breakups in Egypt through both legal and sociological approaches. Legal texts governing family law will first be examined to expose the different ways marriage can be broken up and how the reforms were legitimated by reference to sharî'a principles. Then the various obstacles that impede the effective implementation of these reforms will be exposed, to stress that the study of law should capture the language of law in action and not only of law in books.

Gandhi and His Vision for Women Empowerment

2021 ◽  
pp. 227-229
Author(s):  
Vinay N. Patel
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Proper Place ◽  
Mahatma Gandhi ◽  
The Status ◽  
Status Of Women ◽  
The Way

Today the empowerment of women has become one of the most important concerns of 21st century. But practically women empowerment is still an illusion of reality. We observe in our day to day life how women become victimized by various social evils. Undoubtedly the father of the nation, Mahatma Gandhi experimented in this field a century ago and he had shown the way for the empowerment of women and the development of the status of women. Gandhi was of the opinion that until and unless women, on the basic of education and knowledge do not find their proper place in social and economic fields, they could not achieve self-respect for themselves. Nor they could become self-dependent in any of the walks of life. In his lifetime Gandhi inspired Indians to take concrete and practical initiatives regarding women education which will bring them out of these centuries’ old conservative customs and rules, which were responsible for their mental and social slavery.

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