scholarly journals The Management of Hyponatremia

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. napoc.2015.1473
Author(s):  
Norbert Lameire
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Therapeutic Action ◽  
Electrolyte Disturbances ◽  
Present On Admission ◽  
Key Questions

A case of hyponatremia in a previously healthy 76-year-old woman is described with discussion revolving around key questions: 1. Is hyponatremia really hypotonic? 2. Is there an emergency present on admission necessitating acute therapeutic action to improve the electrolyte disturbances? 3. What is the best approach to obtaining a correct diagnosis? 4. What is the best approach to raise serum Na? 5. What are the risk factors, symptoms and pathophysiology of thiazide-induced hyponatremia? 6. What is the role of hypokalemia in the pathophysiology of hyponatremia? 7. What are the options for therapy to raise the plasma sodium in this patient? 8. How should the concomitant hypokalemia be treated, and is it an additional danger in the treatment of the hyponatremia? 9. What are the lessons from this case for the management of chronic “asymptomatic” or mildly symptomatic hyponatremic patients? 10. Would this patient be approached differently in Europe and the United States?

U.S. Center for SafeSport: Preventing Abuse in Sports

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Johnson ◽  
Katie Hanna ◽  
Julie Novak ◽  
Angelo P. Giardino
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sport Organizations ◽  
The Many ◽  
And Training ◽  
The U.S

While society at large recognizes the many benefits of sport, it is important to also recognize and prevent factors that can lead to an abusive environment. This paper seeks to combine the current research on abuse in the sport environment with the work of the U.S. Center for SafeSport. The inclusion of risk factors unique to sport and evidence-informed practices provides framing for the scope and response to sexual abuse in sport organizations in the United States. The paper then explores the creation and mission of the U.S. Center for SafeSport, including the role of education in prevention and of policy, procedures, audit, and compliance as important aspects of a comprehensive safeguarding strategy. This paper provides preliminary data on the reach of the Center, established in 2017. This data captures the scope of education and training and the increase in reports to the Center from within the U.S. Olympic and Paralympic Movement.

scholarly journals Outcomes of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients by Risk Factors: Results from a United States Hospital Claims Database

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Mallow ◽  
Kathy W. Belk ◽  
Michael Topmiller ◽  
Edmond A. Hooker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Improve Risk Stratification ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Secondary Objective

Background/Objective: The primary objective was to quantify the role of the number of Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) risk factors on in-hospital mortality. The secondary objective was to assess the associated hospital length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit (ICU) bed utilization, and ICU LOS with the number of CDC risk factors. Methods: A retrospective cohort study consisting of all hospitalizations with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis discharged between March 15, 2020 and April 30, 2020 was conducted. Data was obtained from 276 acute care hospitals across the United States. Cohorts were identified based upon the number of the CDC COVID-19 risk factors. Multivariable regression modeling was performed to assess outcomes and utilization. The odds ratio (OR) and incidence rate ratio (IRR) were reported. Results: Compared with patients with no CDC risk factors, patients with risk factors were significantly more likely to die during the hospitalization: One risk factor (OR 2.08, 95% CI, 1.60–2.70; P < 0.001), two risk factors (OR 2.63, 95% CI, 2.00–3.47; P < 0.001), and three or more risk factors (OR 3.49, 95% CI, 2.53–4.80; P < 0.001). The presence of CDC risk factors was associated with increased ICU utilization, longer ICU LOS, and longer hospital LOS compared to those with no risk factors. Patients with hypertension (OR 0.77, 95% CI, 0.70–0.86; P < 0.001) and those administered statins were less likely to die (OR 0.54, 95% CI, 0.49–0.60; P < 0.001). Conclusions: Quantifying the role of CDC risk factors upon admission may improve risk stratification and identification of patients who may require closer monitoring and more intensive treatment.

Child Abuse and the Otolaryngologist: Part I

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Crouse ◽  
R. A. Faust
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Emergency Room ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
The United States ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Legal Obligations

Nearly 1 million infants and children are neglected and abused yearly in the United States, with a greater than 1% resulting mortality rate. One half of these children are seen by physicians for abuse-related injuries, and nearly 75% have injuries of the head and neck. Physicians, however, account for reporting only 11% of all cases. As experts trained in diseases and injuries of the head and neck, otolaryngologists are particularly well positioned to recognize abuse in the clinic and in the emergency room and during other consultations. We present an overview of child abuse definitions, risk factors, and legal obligations of the physician. We also review the manifestations of child abuse within the head and neck, with particular attention to the role of the otolaryngologist. We briefly discuss some conditions that may be mistaken for abuse and suggest a practical protocol for management of suspected cases in the clinic.

scholarly journals Pain severity and e-cigarette health literacy: the moderating role of sex

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117822181989707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya Smit ◽  
Hannah Olofsson ◽  
Pamella Nizio ◽  
Lorra Garey ◽  
Michael J Zvolensky
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Cigarette Dependence ◽  
Moderating Role

Although electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has increased among adults in the United States, there is still little knowledge of factors that may influence e-cigarette use or beliefs about use. Prior research suggests that health literacy plays an important role in e-cigarette beliefs, including perceived benefits and risks of e-cigarette use, as well as e-cigarette dependence. Yet, limited work has examined risk factors of poor e-cigarette health literacy. From a biopsychological perspective, sex and pain severity represent two constructs that may impact e-cigarette health literacy. To date, however, no research has investigated differences in e-cigarette health literacy across pain, sex, or their interrelation. Thus, the present study was conducted to evaluate the interactive effect of pain severity and sex on e-cigarette health literacy. Participants included 319 current, adult e-cigarette users (60.5% female, Mage = 36.82 years, SD = 10.62). Findings supported a significant pain by sex interaction, such that pain related to e-cigarette health literacy among women ( b = .10, SE = .03, P < .001), but not men ( b = .01, SE = .03, P = .60). The present findings suggest that pain may uniquely impact the degree to which women, but not men, seek and understand information on e-cigarettes.

scholarly journals Risk factors for penile fracture compared with a surgical control cohort in the United States: the role of substance abuse

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
KatherineE Fero ◽  
Nathaniel Christian-Miller ◽  
AndrewT Lenis ◽  
Josef Madrigral ◽  
SriramV Eleswarapu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Cohort ◽  
Penile Fracture

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Seroepidemiology in Children and Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca E Levorson ◽  
Erica Christian ◽  
Brett Hunter ◽  
Jasdeep Sayal ◽  
Jiayang Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Antibody Testing

AbstractObjectivesPediatric SARS-CoV-2 data remain limited and seropositivity rates in children were reported as <1% early in the pandemic. Seroepidemiologic evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 in children in a major metropolitan region of the United States was performed.MethodsChildren and adolescents ≤19 years were enrolled in a cross-sectional, observational study of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence from July-October 2020 in Northern Virginia, United States. Demographic, health, and COVID-19 exposure information was collected, and blood was analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein total antibody. Risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity were analyzed. Orthogonal antibody testing was performed, and samples were evaluated for responses to different antigens.ResultsIn 1038 children, the anti-SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positivity rate was 8.5%. After multivariate logistic regression, significant risk factors included Hispanic ethnicity, public or absent insurance, a history of COVID-19 symptoms, exposure to person with COVID-19, a household member positive for SARS-CoV-2 and multi-family or apartment dwelling without a private entrance. 66% of seropositive children had no symptoms of COVID-19. Orthogonal antibody testing with a receptor binding domain specific antigen revealed a high concordance of 80.5%. Children also demonstrated a robust immune response to the nucleocapsid antigen.ConclusionsA much higher burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection, as determined by seropositivity, was found in children than previously reported; this was also higher compared to adults in the same region at a similar time. Contrary to prior reports, we determined children shoulder a significant burden of COVID-19 infection. The role of children’s disease transmission must be considered in COVID-19 mitigation strategies including vaccination.Article Summary8.5% of children had SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Fall 2020, double the adult rate. The role of pediatric infection is important to consider in mitigation strategies.What’s Known on This SubjectSARS-CoV-2 pediatric seroepidemiologic data is limited. Reported viral rates underestimate the burden of infection in children due to mild or asymptomatic disease. Limited cohorts of children suggest low seropositivity rates compared to adults.What This Study AddsUS children in the largest SARS-CoV-2 seroepidemiology study to date had double the rate of antibodies compared to adults. Most children were asymptomatic. Risk factors include age, ethnicity and living conditions. Most children made antibodies to different antigens of SARS-CoV-2.

Accent Modification for Speakers With Indian Accents: Speech Characteristics and an Assessment Framework

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amee P. Shah
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Asian Indian ◽  
The United States ◽  
Assessment Framework ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Speech Characteristics ◽  
Accent Modification ◽  
Key Questions

In this paper, I present accent-related variations unique to Asian-Indian speakers of English in the United States and identify specific speech and language features that contribute to an “Indian accent.” I present a model to answer some key questions related to assessment of Indian accents and help set a strong foundation for accent modification services.

The Role of Gender and Sensation Seeking in Film Choice

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smita C. Banerjee ◽  
Kathryn Greene ◽  
Marina Krcmar ◽  
Zhanna Bagdasarov ◽  
Dovile Ruginyte
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Arousal ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Happy Mood

This study demonstrates the significance of individual difference factors, particularly gender and sensation seeking, in predicting media choice (examined through hypothetical descriptions of films that participants anticipated they would view). This study used a 2 (Positive mood/negative mood) × 2 (High arousal/low arousal) within-subject design with 544 undergraduate students recruited from a large northeastern university in the United States. Results showed that happy films and high arousal films were preferred over sad films and low-arousal films, respectively. In terms of gender differences, female viewers reported a greater preference than male viewers for happy-mood films. Also, male viewers reported a greater preference for high-arousal films compared to female viewers, and female viewers reported a greater preference for low-arousal films compared to male viewers. Finally, high sensation seekers reported a preference for high-arousal films. Implications for research design and importance of exploring media characteristics are discussed.

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