The use of different concentrations of Nickel and Lead for the inhibition growth of some types of soil microorganisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
Gibrel S El Diabani ◽  
Shukry M Elsbia ◽  
Muna AA Lateef
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Control Samples

Three types of Mycorrhiza has been chosen R. rosulus, S. varigatus and P. involutus in removing and lowering the ascending concentration of nickel and lead elements during three incubation and contact periods (5,7 and 10 days), and comparing the isolated growth with control sample. Type of P. involutus is the most efficient in the removal by observing the growth of isolates by increasing it's diameter compared to the control samples and the concentration of nickel and lead, and for all the days of incubation, while the type S. varigatus was the highest growth at low concentration of nickel and lead only for all periods of incubation, for type R. rosulus, the diameter was smaller as compared to control samples and for all elements concentration of nickel and lead, except at concentration (2.5ppm), which showed increase in diameter for nickel, and is generally observed increase diameters of the isolates of the three types by increasing periods of incubation and all elemental concentrations of nickel and lead, and this increase is less than at high concentrations of these elements and of all species studied.

scholarly journals First-Time Source Apportionment Analysis of Deposited Particulate Matter from a Moss Biomonitoring Study in Northern Greece

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrysoula Betsou ◽  
Evangelia Diapouli ◽  
Evdoxia Tsakiri ◽  
Lambrini Papadopoulou ◽  
Marina Frontasyeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Soil Dust ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Pmf Model ◽  
Moss Biomonitoring ◽  
High Concentrations

Moss biomonitoring is a widely used technique for monitoring the accumulation of trace elements in airborne pollution. A total of one hundred and five samples, mainly of the Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. moss species, were collected from the Northern Greece during the 2015/2016 European ICP Vegetation (International Cooperative Program on Effects of Air Pollution on Natural Vegetation and Crops) moss survey, which also included samples from the metalipherous area of Skouries. They were analyzed by means of neutron activation analysis, and the elemental concentrations were determined. A positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was applied to the results obtained for source apportionment. According to the PMF model, five sources were identified: soil dust, aged sea salt, road dust, lignite power plants, and a Mn-rich source. The soil dust source contributed the most to almost all samples (46% of elemental concentrations, on average). Two areas with significant impact from anthropogenic activities were identified. In West Macedonia, the emissions from a lignite power plant complex located in the area have caused high concentrations of Ni, V, Cr, and Co. The second most impacted area was Skouries, where mining activities and vehicular traffic (probably related to the mining operations) led to high concentrations of Mn, Ni, V, Co, Sb, and Cr.

scholarly journals Suppression of influenza A virus replication in human lung epithelial cells by noncytotoxic concentrations bafilomycin A1

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (3) ◽  
pp. L270-L286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzad Yeganeh ◽  
Saeid Ghavami ◽  
Andrea L. Kroeker ◽  
Thomas H. Mahood ◽  
Gerald L. Stelmack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Nuclear Accumulation ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Impact

Subcellular trafficking within host cells plays a critical role in viral life cycles, including influenza A virus (IAV). Thus targeting relevant subcellular compartments holds promise for effective intervention to control the impact of influenza infection. Bafilomycin A1(Baf-A1), when used at relative high concentrations (≥10 nM), inhibits vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) and reduces endosome acidification and lysosome number, thus inhibiting IAV replication but promoting host cell cytotoxicity. We tested the hypothesis that much lower doses of Baf-A1also have anti-IAV activity, but without toxic effects. Thus we assessed the antiviral activity of Baf-A1at different concentrations (0.1–100 nM) in human alveolar epithelial cells (A549) infected with IAV strain A/PR/8/34 virus (H1N1). Infected and mock-infected cells pre- and cotreated with Baf-A1were harvested 0–24 h postinfection and analyzed by immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, and confocal and electron microscopy. We found that Baf-A1had disparate concentration-dependent effects on subcellular organelles and suppressed affected IAV replication. At concentrations ≥10 nM Baf-A1inhibited acid lysosome formation, which resulted in greatly reduced IAV replication and release. Notably, at a very low concentration of 0.1 nM that is insufficient to reduce lysosome number, Baf-A1retained the capacity to significantly impair IAV nuclear accumulation as well as IAV replication and release. In contrast to the effects of high concentrations of Baf-A1, very low concentrations did not exhibit cytotoxic effects or induce apoptotic cell death, based on morphological and FACS analyses. In conclusion, our results reveal that low-concentration Baf-A1is an effective inhibitor of IAV replication, without impacting host cell viability.

Potential use of IL-7 and IL-15 for ex vivo generation of LAK.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15201-e15201
Author(s):  
Svetlana Yu. Filippova ◽  
Oleg I. Kit ◽  
Anastasia O. Sitkovskaya ◽  
Elena Yu. Zlatnik ◽  
Inna A. Novikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nk Cells ◽  
Cell Sorting ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Magnetic Cell Sorting ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Number Of Cells ◽  
Control Samples

e15201 Background: A review of scientific literature has shown that IL-2 is most often used for the LAK generation, while the potential of other NK-stimulating interleukin cells remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of IL-7 and IL-15 on ex vivo LAC generation. Methods: A fraction enriched in NK cells was isolated by magnetic cell sorting with the NK Cell Isolation Kit (#130-092-657, Miltenyi Biotec, Germany) from PBMC in 11 patients with stage II-III breast cancer without treatment. Cells were introduced into a 6-well 3x105 plate in RPMI medium (Gibco, USA) supplemented with 10% FBS (Gibco, USA). Cytokines 40 ng/ml were added to the wells in 6 variants: 1) IL-15; 2) IL-2; 3) IL-7; 4) IL-15+IL-7; 5) IL-15+IL-7+IL-2; 6) control without cytokines. Cells were cultured at 5.0% CO2 and 37°C. Cells were counted with a hemocytometer daily for 5 days and on days 8, 9 and 10 of cultivation. Results: The number of NK cells in control samples gradually decreased: by 2 times on day 5 and by 3 times on day 10. On day 5, the number of NK cells was 1.5 times higher than in the control when cultured with IL-2, and 1.4 times higher when cultured with IL-7+IL-15. After 9 days, a statistically significant increase in the number of cells, compared to the control sample, was observed with the addition of IL-2 (1.6 times); IL-15 and IL-7+IL-15 (1.5 times). On day 10, significant differences from the control were found in most samples: the number of cells was higher in samples cultured with IL-2 and IL-7+IL-15 (1.9 times) and with IL-15 and IL-2+IL-7+IL-15 (1.7 times). IL-7 alone led to a gradual decrease in the number of cells, and on days 8, 9 and 10 it was lower than in the control samples. Conclusions: In general, the introduction of cytokines into the samples enriched with NK cells contributed to the preservation of this subpopulation on days 5-10 of cultivation. However, the use of IL-7 and IL-15, both alone and in combination, did not lead to a significant increase in LAK compared to the use of IL-2.

Interaction between clay minerals and hydrocarbon-utilizing indigenous microorganisms in high concentrations of heavy oil: implications for bioremediation

Clay Minerals ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Khodijah Chaerun ◽  
Kazue Tazaki ◽  
Ryuji Asada ◽  
Kazuhiro Kogure
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
The Sea Of Japan ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Microbial Cells ◽  
Cell Complexes ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Hydrocarbon Degraders

AbstractThis study focused on whether the presence of clay minerals (montmorillonite and kaolinite) in marine or coastal environments contaminated with high concentrations of heavy-oil spills were able to support the growth of hydrocarbon degraders to enable bioremediation. The bacterial growth experiment utilizing ~150 g/l of heavy oil (from theNakhodkaoil spill) was conducted with 1500 mg/l of montmorillonite or kaolinite. Bacterial strainPseudomonas aeruginosa(isolated from Atake seashore, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan), capable of degrading heavy oil, was employed in combination with other hydrocarbon degraders inhabiting the heavy oil and seawater (collected from the Sea of Japan). The interactions among microbial cells, clay minerals and heavy oil were studied. Both clays were capable of promoting microbial growth and allowed microorganisms to proliferate (to a greater degree than in a control sample which contained no clay) in an extremely high concentration of heavy oil. Observation by transmission electron microscopy of the clay-oil-cell complexes showed that microbial cells tended to be bound primarily on the edges of the clays. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the clay-oil and clay-oil-cell complexes involved the adsorption of microbial cells and/or heavy oil on the external surfaces of the clays. How do the interactions among clay minerals, microbial cells and heavy oil contribute to environmental factors influencing the bioremediation process? To our knowledge, there are no previous reports on the use of clay minerals in the bioremediation of theNakhodkaoil spill in combination with biofilm formation.

scholarly journals Manufacturing and Shear Response Characterization of Carbon Nanofiber Modified CFRP Using the Out-of-Autoclave-Vacuum-Bag-Only Cure Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin E. McDonald ◽  
Landon F. Wallace ◽  
Gregory J. S. Hickman ◽  
Kuang-Ting Hsiao
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Surface Strain ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Plane Shear ◽  
Shear Response ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Out Of Autoclave ◽  
Control Samples

The interlaminar shear response is studied for carbon nanofiber (CNF) modified out-of-autoclave-vacuum-bag-only (OOA-VBO) carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP). Commercial OOA-VBO prepregs were coated with a CNF modified epoxy solution and a control epoxy solution without CNF to make CNF modified samples and control samples, respectively. Tensile testingwas used to study the in-plane shear performance of [±45°]4scomposite laminates. Significant difference in failure modes between the control and CNF modified CFRPs was identified. The control samples experienced half-plane interlaminar delamination, whereas the CNF modified samples experienced a localized failure in the intralaminar region. Digital image correlation (DIC) surface strain results of the control sample showed no further surface strain increase along the delaminated section when the sample was further elongated prior to sample failure. On the other hand, the DIC results of the CNF modified sample showed that the surface strain increased relatively and uniformly across the CFRP as the sample was further elongated until sample failure. The failure mode evidence along with microscope pictures indicated that the CNF modification acted as a beneficial reinforcement inhibiting interlaminar delamination.

scholarly journals Long-Term Survival of Shiga Toxin-ProducingEscherichia coli O26, O111, and O157 in Bovine Feces

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 5177-5181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Fukushima ◽  
Ken Hoshina ◽  
Manabu Gomyoda
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Long Time ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Bovine Feces

ABSTRACT Cattle are an important reservoir of Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli (STEC) O26, O111, and O157. The fate of these pathogens in bovine feces at 5, 15, and 25°C was examined. The feces of a cow naturally infected with STEC O26:H11 and two STEC-free cows were studied. STEC O26, O111, and O157 were inoculated into bovine feces at 101, 103, and 105 CFU/g. All three pathogens survived at 5 and 25°C for 1 to 4 weeks and at 15°C for 1 to 8 weeks when inoculated at the low concentration. On samples inoculated with the middle and high concentrations, O26, O111, and O157 survived at 25°C for 3 to 12 weeks, at 15°C for 1 to 18 weeks, and at 5°C for 2 to 14 weeks, respectively. Therefore, these pathogens can survive in feces for a long time, especially at 15°C. The surprising long-term survival of STEC O26, O111, and O157 in bovine feces shows that such feces are a potential vehicle for transmitting not only O157 but also O26 and O111 to cattle, food, and the environment. Appropriate handling of bovine feces is emphasized.

Studies on Thrombin Inactivation in Normal Plasma, Serum and Plasma Fractions, and its Relation to Heparin

1963 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 368-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birger Blombäck ◽  
Margareta Blombäck ◽  
Per Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Antithrombin Activity ◽  
Normal Plasma ◽  
Plasma Fractions ◽  
High Concentrations

SummaryThe antithrombin activity of plasma, serum and plasma fractions has been studied under different experimental conditions. Two different methods have been used for the assay of antithrombin activity.Under the experimental conditions described the following antithrombin activities have been found to be of importance in the inactivation of thrombin:1. Progressive inactivation in the absence of heparin can take place in plasma and to a less extent in defibrinated plasma and serum.2. Inactivation of thrombin in presence of fibrinogen and heparin in low concentration (about 0.03 I.U./ml). This effect was abolished at high heparin levels.3. Inactivation of thrombin by plasma, defibrinated plasma and serum at high concentrations of heparin (about 2—15 I.U./ml). This activity is tentatively named the heparin co-factor.

scholarly journals Control sample for galaxy pairs: Simulations and Observations

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (S262) ◽  
pp. 410-411
Author(s):  
Josefa Perez ◽  
Patricia Tissera
Keyword(s):  
Control Sample ◽  
Analytic Model ◽  
Galaxy Interactions ◽  
Isolated Galaxies ◽  
Mock Control ◽  
Control Samples ◽  
Made In ◽  
Interpretation Of Results

AbstractSeveral attempts have been made in order to isolate the effect of galaxy interactions by comparing galaxy in pairs with isolated galaxies. However, different authors have proposed different ways to build these control samples (CS). By using mock galaxy catalagues built up from the Millennium Simulation, we show that the set of constrains used to define a CS might introduce biases which could affect the interpretation of results. In this analysis, we make use of the fact that the physics of interactions is not included in the semi-analytic model, so that any difference between the mock control and pair samples can be attributed to selection biases. Thus, we suggest how to build an unique and unbiased CS in order to individualize the effect of interactions. Based on this theoretical findings and using the SDSS-DR4 data, we revise some previous observational results of galaxy in pairs in order to evaluate any possible disagreement. The comparison between simulations and observations suggests an overestimated effect of the DM halo bias in semianalytical models.

A technique for diagnostics of micro-inclusions in the objects of soil and geological origin: validation and practical application

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
S. A. Smirnova ◽  
O. B. Gradusova ◽  
E. M. Nesterina ◽  
G. I. Bebeshko ◽  
G. G. Omel’yanyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Sample ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Fracture Structure ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Geological Origin ◽  
Validation Procedure ◽  
Laboratory Collection ◽  
Control Samples

A method for diagnosing microinclusions in the objects of soil and geological origin is developed on the basis of the Atlas of microinclusions in soils (hereinafter referred to as the Atlas). The validation procedure and an example of the practical application of the developed technique are considered. A review of the content and structure of the Atlas, which contains 37 types of microinclusions is presented. Diagnosis of microinclusions is carried out using the Atlas key which is a sequence of identifying diagnostic features (transparency, shape, color, gloss, fracture, structure, as well as density, magnetic properties, hardness, brittleness) for different types of microinclusions. A scheme for determining the nature of a microinclusion (red brick) using the Atlas key is given as an example. The validation procedure of this method consists in experimental verification of the reliability of testing and evaluation of the reproducibility of test results under different conditions: when examining samples of various complexity by several performers at different times using different stereo microscopes. We used 17 soil samples that were previously (2 – 8 years ago) tested and stored as control samples in a laboratory collection of site-collected samples. One part of the samples was examined in usual forensic soil examinations, the other was studied in the framework of participation in the procedure of interlaboratory proficiency testing under the ENFSI (European Network of Forensic Science Institutions). Two experts performed independent studies of control samples at different times. It is shown that the composition of the complex of microinclusions (by type and number) in each of the studied samples coincides with the composition of the corresponding control sample. The experts performed 108 tests, and there were no erroneous results which indicates the reproducibility of the test results and the competence of the experts. An example of the practical application of the developed technique is given.

Abstract 3770: Concentration-dependent Divergent Hypertrophic Effects of Estrogen in Adult Ventricular Myocytes

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Kilic ◽  
Sabzali A Javadov ◽  
Morris Karmazyn
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Synthetic Analog ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Cell Surface Area ◽  
High Concentrations

High concentrations of estrogen have been shown to attenuate myocardial hypertrophy and left ventricular remodeling. However, the effects of low concentration of estrogen observed in postmenopausal women on cardiac hypertrophy have not been studied. In the present study we examined the effects of high (0.1 and 1 nM) and low (1 and 10 pM) concentration of the synthetic analog of estradiol, 17β-estradiol (E2) on adult cardiomyocytes (CMs). CMs were isolated from adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. The cells were used immediately after isolation to measure pH i or cultured to assess hypertrophic phenotype (cell surface area), gene markers (atrial natriuretic peptide, ANP), and protein activation. Low concentration of E2 (1 and 10 pM) increased cell surface area (females: 20%, P <0.05; males: 28%, P <0.05) and ANP expression (females: 394%, P <0.05; males: 497%, P <0.05) after 24 h. However, high concentrations (0.1 and 1 nM) of E2 did not induce cell hypertrophy but instead blocked the hypertrophic effect of the α 1 -agonist phenylephrinerophy. The pro-hypertrophic effect of low concentration of E2 was prevented by the sodium-hydrogen exchange isoform 1 (NHE-1) specific inhibitor AVE-4890 (AVE, 5 μM) suggesting involvement of NHE-1 in mediating the E2-induced hypertrophy. Fluorometric measurements with the pH i -sensitive dye BCECF demonstrated that a 1 pM E2 increased the pH i (females: +0.05 pH units; males +0.12 pH units, P <0.05) by a rapid non-genomic mechanism that was blocked by AVE. On the other hand, 1 nM E2 decreased the pH i (females: −0.24 pH units, P <0.05; males: −0.07 pH units, P <0.05) and this effect was also prevented by AVE. The NHE-1-mediated pro-hypertrophic effect of 1 pM E2 was dependent on phosphorylation of ERK1/2 MAPK since the effect was blocked with the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 (10 μM) and there was no gender difference on ERK1/2 activation. E2 has a dual concentration-dependent role in adult CMs as manifested by a pro-hypertrophic effect at low concentrations (1 and 10 pM), and conversely, an anti-hypertrophic effect at high concentrations (0.1 and 1 nM). The pro-hypertrophic effect of E2 is mediated, at least in part, through ERK1/2/NHE-1 activation.

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