scholarly journals ECOLOGICAL TESTING OF PERENNIAL GRASS VARIETIES DEVELOPED BY THE NORTH CAUCASIAN FEDERAL SCIENTIFIC AGRICULTURAL CENTERUNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF ALTAI

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
N.V. Ledyayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
The North ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
The Republic

When establishing polyspecies plant communities with the inclusion of new perennial grass species (cookshead (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.), bastard alfalfa (Medicago×varia)and yellow alfalfa (Medicago falcata), Siberian wheatgrass (Agropyrum sibiricum) and tall wheatgrass (Agropyrum elongatum)), along with the species traditional-ly grown in the Republic of Altai (red clover (Trifolium pratense), awnless brome (Bromopsis inermis Leyss.), meadow fescue grass (Festuca pratensis)and common timothy (Phleum pratense)), the following most highly pro-ductive grass mixtures were identified: three-component -common timothy + alfalfa + clover (at the ratio 60:30:10), and timothy + awnless brome+ clover (at the ratio 40:30:30); four-component -awnless brome+ fescue grass+ cookshead + clover (at the ratio 30:30:30:10), and timo-thy + fescue grass+ cookshead + alfalfa (at the ratio 30:20:20:30) that may ensure a reliable gain of dry matter yield from the second year of life to 4.80-5.57 t ha. They make it possible to obtain high-nutritional hay when har-vested during the flowering stage with metabolizable ener-gy concentration up to 9.75-10.75 MJ in 1 kg of dry matter, and with digestible protein content up to 124.2-130.8 g in 1 fodder unit.

The yield of legume-gramineous ecosystems with various varieties of red clover on the Non-Chernozem drained lands

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
А.Д. Капсамун ◽  
Е.Н. Павлючик ◽  
Н.Н. Иванова
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Short Season ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Изучение урожайности трёхкомпонентных бобово-злаковых травосмесей с различными сортами клевера лугового проводилось в Тверской области на опытном поле ВНИИ мелиорированных земель в 2018–2020 годах. Опыт заложен в 2018 году на осушаемой дерново-подзолистой почве. Изучались следующие сорта многолетних трав: клевер луговой (Trifolium pratense L.) Кретуновский, Грин, Шанс, Фаленский 86; люцерна изменчивая (× Medicago varia Mart.) Вега 87; тимофеевка луговая (Phleum pratense L.) ВИК 9 и овсяница луговая (Festuca pratensis L.) Сахаровская. В 2020 году наиболее высокими темпами роста обладали травостои второго года пользования с ранними сортами клевера лугового Кретуновский и Грин в смеси с тимофеевкой луговой сорта ВИК 9 — 67–70 см при густоте стеблестоя 495–852 шт./м2. Наиболее продуктивными на осушаемых землях показали себя смешанные травостои люцерны изменчивой, клевера лугового и тимофеевки луговой. Трёхкомпонентные агрофитоценозы укосного типа на основе сортов клевера лугового Кретуновский, Грин, Шанс, Фаленский 86, люцерны изменчивой и тимофеевки луговой сформировали урожай кормовой массы 35–39,7 т/га. Травосмесь тимофеевки луговой с раннеспелым сортом клевера Шанс сформировала два укоса с выходом сухой массы 9,5 т/га, овсяницы луговой — 9,0 т/га. Отмечено хорошее качество полученной растительной массы: содержание переваримого протеина составило 18,9–19,5 г/кг при энергетической питательности 1,09–1,26. В растительной массе травосмесей с овсяницей луговой содержание переваримого протеина было выше, чем в смесях с тимофеевкой луговой, на 1,1 г/кг корма в первом и на 2,41 г/кг корма во втором укосе. По содержанию кормовых единиц в 1 кг корма питательность кормовой массы в зависимости от состава исследуемых смесей была равноценна — 0,23–0,24. The investigation took place in the Tver region on the trial field of the All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands in 2018–2020. The research tested the yield of trinary legume-gramineous ecosystems with various varieties of red clover. The field trial was carried out on the drained sod-podzolic soil in 2018. The following perennial grasses were studied: red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) “Kretunovskiy”, “Grin”, “Shans”, “Falenskiy 86”; bastard alfalfa (× Medicago varia Mart.) “Vega 87”; common timothy (Phleum pratense L.) “VIK 9”; and meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis L.) “Sakharovskaya”. Growth rates were the highest in the mixtures with short-season red clover varieties “Kretunovskiy”, “Grin”, and common timothy. In 2020, these variants reached height of 67–70 cm and density of 495–852 plants per m2 in the second year. Trinary ecosystems to be cut with bastard alfalfa, red clover “Kretunovskiy”, “Grin”, “Shans”, “Falenskiy 86”, and common timothy provided the maximum yield on the drained lands — 35–39.7 t ha-1. The mixture of common timothy with short-season red clover “Shans” formed 9.5 t ha-1 of dry mass per two cuts, meadow fescue — 9.0 t ha-1. The feed mass showed high quality: digestible protein content was 18.9–19.5 g/kg, energy nutrition was 1.09–1.26. Mixtures with meadow fescue exceeded the ones with common timothy in digestible protein content by 1.1 g/kg in the first cut and by 2.41 g/kg — in the second one. Different variants showed almost no variation in feed units per 1 kg of forage — 0.23–0.24.

scholarly journals Study Sowing Grasslands Based on Red Clover with Perennial Grasses

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denes DEAK ◽  
Ioan ROTAR ◽  
Florin PACURAR ◽  
Anca BOGDAN
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Stable Manure

Seeded lawns is one of the most important links in the process of improving the forage base, ensure feed quality with high productivity. Mixtures of red clover crops (Trifolium pratense) with perennial grasses (Lolium multiflorum, Phleum pratense and Poa pratensis) has high productivity due to better utilization of ecological niches of the biotope (ROTAR I.et al.). These crops has advantages like high content of protein because of the red clover, economy-based fertilizer nitrogen from atmospheric nitrogen fixation by bacteria Rhizobium spp. located in the root of legumes. These seeded pastures get a balanced feed nutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids), have a high palatability. The species Trifolium pratense has a greater capacity to restore the soil structure and also the enrichment of the macro-elements, like phosphorus and potassium (CARLIER L., et. al). Our experience took place in the village Simonesti, Cobătesti village of the Harghita county. The experimental field was located respecting the experimental technique rules in randomized blocks with a technique that includes three variants based on red clover plus a perennial grass (Lolium multiflorum, Poa pratensis and Phleum pratense). Every version was fertilized with two types of fertilizer: one liquid (gull) and one solid (stable manure) in four different doses in all three variants. The doses were: V1 = 0 gull; V2 = 5 t / ha gull; V3 = 10 t / ha gull; V4 = 20 t / ha gulle and V1 = 0 stable manure; V2 = 10 t / ha stable manure; V3 = 30 t / ha stable manure and V4 = 50 t / ha stable manure. In our studies we present the influence of fertilization with gull and stable manure on yield of green mass of all three variants. In general, both gull fertilization with manure favors grasses at the expense of installing legumes. The higher doses of fertilizer increase, the share of participant of grasses increases.

Single-cut red clover combined with late timothy may be valuable in short-term rotations

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Kunelius ◽  
K. B. McRae ◽  
S. A. E. Fillmore ◽  
G. Dürr
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Short Term

Late-maturing cultivars of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.) may be grown in short-term rotations with other crops and harvested for hay and silage. Harvesting forage in mid-summer is often advantageous for field curing, but the quality of mature forage may be low. We studied how harvests at different developmental stages affected yield, composition of herbage, and species persistence. The late-maturing single-cut red clover cultivar Altaswede and late timothy cultivar Farol were grown alone and in combination with and without applied N. Total forage, and red clover and timothy dry matter yields, increased between the first (27 June) and third (11 July) dates of harvest. Timothy grown alone or combined with red clover and fertilized with N produced greater forage yields than red clover alone or red clover + timothy without applied N. The in vitro digestibility of dry matter declined from 670 to 625 g kg−1 and crude protein from 134 to 109 g kg−1 between 27 June and 11 July. Water soluble carbohydrates in forage were low (36–66 g kg−1) in cuts 1 and 2. Macronutrient and micronutrient concentrations were generally highest at the first date of harvest on 27 June. Nutrient concentrations in cut 2 were similar for the three harvest schedules. We conclude that growing late-maturing single-cut red clover combined with late timothy produced high yields with good nutritional quality even at advanced stages of maturity. Single-cut red clover persisted for the first production year making this combination suited for short-term rotations that involve late harvesting of the primary growth. Key words: Red clover, Trifolium pratense, timothy, Phleum pratense, composition

EFFECT OF ROW SPACING ON SEED AND HAY PRODUCTION OF ELEVEN GRASS SPECIES UNDER A PEACE RIVER REGION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. DARWENT ◽  
H. G. NAJDA ◽  
J. C. DRABBLE ◽  
C. R. ELLIOTT
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
River Region ◽  
Narrow Row ◽  
Seed Yields

The effect of row spacing on seed and hay yields of 11 perennial grass species, including crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L.), intermediate wheatgrass (A. intermedium (Host.) Beauv.), a northern biotype of bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), a southern biotype of bromegrass, Russian wildrye (Elymus junceus Fisch.), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Hudson), creeping red fescue (F. rubra var. genuina L.), chewings fescue (F. rubra var. commutata Gaud), reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.), a turf-type timothy (Phleum bertolonii DC (P. bulbosum auct.)) and hexaploid timothy (Phleum pratense L.), was studied under a system with limited inputs of fertilizer and no weed control. The width of the row spacings ranged from 16 to 104 cm where seed yields were measured and from 27 to 93 cm where hay yields were measured. The seed yield of all grasses was greater at a row spacing of 16 cm than at row spacings of 60 cm or more. Hay yields of all grasses, averaged over four production years, were also greatest at narrow row spacings (27 cm). These yields decreased as row spacings increased to 49 through 93 cm. Row spacing had its greatest effect on hay yields during the first production year. After this period the effects of row spacing on hay yields were small.Key words: Row spacing, perennial grasses, seed yields, hay yields

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF THREE MOWING ON PRODUCTIVITY, NUTRITION AND BOTANICAL COMPOSITION OF LEGUMES-CEREALS AGROPHYTOCENOSES

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-20
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Konovalova ◽  
Svetlana Konovalova
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
North West ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
European North ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article presents the results of research on the influence of agrotechnical techniques on the formation of legume-cereal agrophytocenoses. The research method includes conducting a field experiment on the experimental field of North-West Research Institute of Milk and Grassland Agriculture in the Vologda region. The soil of the experimental site is drained, medium cultivated, sod-podzolic, medium loam. The following varieties have been chosen for carrying out the experiment: Permskiy mestnyy red clover, Dymkovskiy red clover, Vega 87 variegated alfalfa, Sverdlovskaya 37 meadow fescue, Losinka reed fes-cue, Leningradskaya 204 timothy, SibNIISKHOZ 189 awnless brome, VIK 66 pasture ryegrass. As a re-sult of research in 2017–2019, it was found that the share of sown grass species was high regardless of the species composition and method of sowing and ranged from 82.9 to 98.5%. The content of weed vegeta-tion was 1.4–2.0 times higher in grass stands sown under the cover of barley compared to those sown without cover. The yield of grasses was affected by the composition of agrophytocenoses and the number of bites. On average, for two years of use, a grass mixture of the third option was distinguished, including red clover, timothy and reed fescue. It significantly exceeded the yield of the control variant by 0.39 t/ha of dry matter. The method of sowing did not affect the yield of herbage. When you get three grass mow-ing, protein collection increases by 8–24%, and its content in the plant mass — by 20–32% compared to double mowing. Scope – agricultural enterprises of the European North of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Sustainability of Perennial Grasses Under Long-term Use in the Conditions of Drained Lands of the Non-Chernozem Zone (Russia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-196
Author(s):  
N. Ivanova ◽  
A. Kapsamun ◽  
E. Pavlyuchik ◽  
D. Vagunin ◽  
N. Ambrosimova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Green Mass

Recently, much attention has been paid by grassland farmers to the problem of extending the productive longevity of grasslands of the pasture type. Field studies were carried out on the agropolygon of FGBNU VNIIMZ in the period from 2012 to 2018. The object of research was pasture grass stands created on the basis of pasture ryegrass (Loliurn perenne) and inter-genera festulolium hybrid (× Festulolium F. Aschers. Et Graebn). Two, three, and four species of grass mixtures with various leguminous and cereal herbs were studied in the experiment. The types and varieties of herbs were selected taking into account their potential productivity and sustainable longevity in the conditions of drained soils. Ryegrass grazing VIC 66, festulolium VIC 90, alfalfa changeable (Medicago varia Nakhodka), lotus horned (Lotus cornilatus Sun), creeping clover (Trifolium repens) VIC 70, red fescue (Festuca rubra) Sigma, red clover (Trifolium pratense) VIC 7, timothy grass (Phleum pratense L.) VIC 9, meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) Sakharovskaya were used in the experiments. It has been shown that in the conditions of drained lands, such species as red fescue, alfalfa changeable, horned deer can be attributed to perennial grasses with a competitive advantage for long-term sustained production in multicomponent pasture agrophytocenoses. It has been established that the introduction of additional leguminous species into the grass mixture (alfalfa changeable and lotus horned) increases the period of use and increases the yield of a green mass of grass stands. Over the years of research (2013–2018), the highest average yield of green mass was obtained by grass stands with alfalfa variable and young horned — 24.5–28.2 t/ha, which exceeds the traditional grass mixture by 3.5–7.2 t/ha.

EFFECTS OF THE DEGREE OF SELECTIVE FEEDING ALLOWED ON FORAGE VOLUNTARY INTAKE AND DIGESTIBILITY ASSAY RESULTS USING SHEEP

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. HEANEY
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Phleum Pratense L ◽  
Opportunity For Selection

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), first- and second-cut alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), timothy (Phleum pratense L.) hays, and oat (Avena sativa L.) straw were assayed for digestible dry matter (DDM) and dry matter intake (DMI) using sheep with various opportunities for feed selection provided by varying weighbacks between 0 and 30%. Digestible energy intakes (DEI) were also calculated. There was a slight increase in DMI values as the opportunity for selection increased, due to slightly lower DMI at low levels of weighback and higher DMI as weighback approached 30%. There were no changes in DMI due to the opportunity for selection when weighbacks varied only from 5 to 25%. Except for an apparent curvilinear relationship for the first-cut alfalfa, the change in DDM as the opportunity for selection increased was similar to that of DMI. However, the maximum changes in DDM that could be attributed to the opportunity for selection would be barely detectable in normal digestion trials. Changes in DEI attributable to the opportunity for selection were caused primarily by DMI rather than digestibility. DEI showed a slight increase as weighback increased, due to lower values at low levels of weighback and, in some cases, higher values at higher levels of weighback. There were no changes in DEI values that could be attributed to the opportunity for selection when weighbacks varied only from 5 to 25%. The data indicate that, for forage evaluation purposes, DMI and DDM can be assayed with confidence at levels of weighback between 5 and 20%.

Seeding patterns and companion grasses affect total forage yield and components of binary red clover–grass mixtures

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole Lafrenière ◽  
Raynald Drapeau
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Poorly Drained Soils

Lafrenière, C. and Drapeau, R. 2011. Seeding patterns and companion grasses affect total forage yield and components of binary red clover–grass mixtures. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 91–97. Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is the most popular seeded legume for forage production in northern Quebec and Ontario because of the poorly drained soils that prevail in these regions. The objective of this experiment was to determine which seeding patterns [mixed within a row (MR), single alternate rows (1+1), or double alternate rows (2+2)] and which companion grasses (smooth bromegrass, Bromus inermis L.; tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreb.; orchardgrass, Dactylis glomerata L.; or timothy, Phleum pratense L.), in association with red clover, were best for sustaining the total forage yield of a red clover–grass mixture and how these factors affect red clover and grass components. Test plots were established at Kapuskasing, ON, and Normandin, QC. At each site, two independent seedings were performed and harvested over 3 yr following the seeding year. Total dry matter (DM) yield and contribution of red clover grasses and weeds to total forage yield were measured. The MR pattern gave higher yield over both alternate seeding patterns by nearly 0.5 Mg DM ha−1 at the Normandin site and 1.0 Mg DM ha–1 at the Kapuskasing site. Neither the seeding pattern nor the companion grass species improved significantly the contribution of red clover to total forage yield beyond the second production year even though there were differences between sites. Environmental conditions, principally high precipitation in the fall, and maturity stage at harvest resulted in major differences between sites. Results from this experiment showed that tall fescue and orchardgrass could be good alternatives to timothy or bromegrass in association with red clover given that plots were still productive in the third production year and invasion by weeds was lower.

Relationships between soil cations and plant characteristics based on spatial variability in a forage field

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gagnon ◽  
G. Bélanger ◽  
M. C. Nolin ◽  
R. R. Simard
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Milk Fever

Spatial variability within a forage field can be used to assess how soil properties relate to forage characteristics of yield, mineral composition, and nutritive value. The relationship between the dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) of the forage and soil cations is of particular interest to dairy farmers because of problems related to hypocalcemia. An experiment was conducted on a dairy farm in southern Québec (Canada) to determine the variability in soil cations (K, Mg, Ca) and forage characteristics (yield, mineral composition, and nutritive value) and to establish relationships between them, primarily with respect to DCAD. A 10-ha field with a tile-drained silty loam soil was seeded in 1998 with a mixture of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Soil samples were collected on a systematic grid in spring (n = 151) and fall (n = 38) 1999. Forage samples were collected at these sampling points at the first harvest in June 1999 and 2000. Soil K and K-related properties (K/CEC, Mg/K, Ca/K) displayed the largest variability among selected soil cation properties in both samplings, with coefficients of variation (CV) ranging from 35 to 58%. Dry matter (DM) yield, plant mineral composition, and forage nutritive value had low to moderate variabilities (8 < CV < 38%). Dry matter yield was not closely related to soil cations. High correlation coefficients were found between plant K and soil K (0.62 < r < 0.67), and between DCAD and soil K (0.67 < r < 0.72). Other plant mineral composition (P, Mg, Ca, S, Cl, and Na), CP, K/(Ca + Mg) and relative feed value showed low correlations and inconsistent trends with soil cations. Considering the importance of DCAD in predisposing dry cows to milk fever, the spatial variability of soil K should be considered to reduce the incidence of this metabolic disorder. Key words: Dietary cation-anion difference, forage, milk fever, spatial variability, soil K

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