scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF THREE MOWING ON PRODUCTIVITY, NUTRITION AND BOTANICAL COMPOSITION OF LEGUMES-CEREALS AGROPHYTOCENOSES

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-20
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Konovalova ◽  
Svetlana Konovalova
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
North West ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
European North ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article presents the results of research on the influence of agrotechnical techniques on the formation of legume-cereal agrophytocenoses. The research method includes conducting a field experiment on the experimental field of North-West Research Institute of Milk and Grassland Agriculture in the Vologda region. The soil of the experimental site is drained, medium cultivated, sod-podzolic, medium loam. The following varieties have been chosen for carrying out the experiment: Permskiy mestnyy red clover, Dymkovskiy red clover, Vega 87 variegated alfalfa, Sverdlovskaya 37 meadow fescue, Losinka reed fes-cue, Leningradskaya 204 timothy, SibNIISKHOZ 189 awnless brome, VIK 66 pasture ryegrass. As a re-sult of research in 2017–2019, it was found that the share of sown grass species was high regardless of the species composition and method of sowing and ranged from 82.9 to 98.5%. The content of weed vegeta-tion was 1.4–2.0 times higher in grass stands sown under the cover of barley compared to those sown without cover. The yield of grasses was affected by the composition of agrophytocenoses and the number of bites. On average, for two years of use, a grass mixture of the third option was distinguished, including red clover, timothy and reed fescue. It significantly exceeded the yield of the control variant by 0.39 t/ha of dry matter. The method of sowing did not affect the yield of herbage. When you get three grass mow-ing, protein collection increases by 8–24%, and its content in the plant mass — by 20–32% compared to double mowing. Scope – agricultural enterprises of the European North of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals ECOLOGICAL TESTING OF PERENNIAL GRASS VARIETIES DEVELOPED BY THE NORTH CAUCASIAN FEDERAL SCIENTIFIC AGRICULTURAL CENTERUNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF ALTAI

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
N.V. Ledyayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
The North ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
The Republic

When establishing polyspecies plant communities with the inclusion of new perennial grass species (cookshead (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.), bastard alfalfa (Medicago×varia)and yellow alfalfa (Medicago falcata), Siberian wheatgrass (Agropyrum sibiricum) and tall wheatgrass (Agropyrum elongatum)), along with the species traditional-ly grown in the Republic of Altai (red clover (Trifolium pratense), awnless brome (Bromopsis inermis Leyss.), meadow fescue grass (Festuca pratensis)and common timothy (Phleum pratense)), the following most highly pro-ductive grass mixtures were identified: three-component -common timothy + alfalfa + clover (at the ratio 60:30:10), and timothy + awnless brome+ clover (at the ratio 40:30:30); four-component -awnless brome+ fescue grass+ cookshead + clover (at the ratio 30:30:30:10), and timo-thy + fescue grass+ cookshead + alfalfa (at the ratio 30:20:20:30) that may ensure a reliable gain of dry matter yield from the second year of life to 4.80-5.57 t ha. They make it possible to obtain high-nutritional hay when har-vested during the flowering stage with metabolizable ener-gy concentration up to 9.75-10.75 MJ in 1 kg of dry matter, and with digestible protein content up to 124.2-130.8 g in 1 fodder unit.

A novel approach to planting grass - legume pastures in the mixed farming zone of southern inland Queensland, Australia

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Whitbread ◽  
C. A. Hall ◽  
B. C. Pengelly
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Clitoria Ternatea ◽  
Novel Approach

Reliable establishment of pasture systems with a desirable composition of grasses and legumes remains a challenge in the highly variable climates of the northern grain belt of southern inland Queensland. In this paper, an alternative system is proposed whereby legumes and grasses are planted simultaneously in alternative strips. A 4-year study tested the establishment, production, and botanical composition of the tropical legume species Macroptilium bracteatum cvv. Cardaga and Juanita, Lablab purpureus cv. Endurance, and Clitoria ternatea cv. Milgarra sown as pure stands or with grass strips. The grass strips, and a grass-only treatment, both contained a mix of Panicum maximum cv. Petrie, Dichanthium aristatum cv. Floren, and Bothriochloa insculpta cv. Bisset. L. purpureus was relatively unproductive, yielding ~2000 kg/ha dry matter (DM) produced in each of the first 2 years. M. bracteatum produced 2050 and 3300 kg/ha DM in Years 1 and 2, with declining plant populations and DM in subsequent years. C. ternatea produced 960 kg/ha DM in Year 1, 2730 kg/ha DM in Year 2, and continued to persist throughout the trial, albeit at low DM production levels. The grass-only treatment was dominated by the sown grass species, while the legume-based treatments were dominated by a colonising native species, Dichanthium sericeum, in the fourth and final year. Sowing grass strips adjacent to the legume areas proved a successful strategy, with the proportion of sown grasses in the legume strips increasing to >20% of total DM by Year 4. Soil carbon changes did not differ between treatments, but total C in the top 0.15 m increased from 0.99% in Year 1 to 1.13% in Year 4, representing a net gain of 6.5 t/ha in C over 3 years.

Grass-white clover relationships during pasture development. 1. Effect of superphosphate

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (64) ◽  
pp. 567 ◽  
Author(s):  
EC Wolfe ◽  
A Lazenby
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Clover Content

The effects of superphosphate (0, 42, 125, and 375 kg ha-1 year-1), grass species (tall fescue, perennial ryegrass, and phalaris) and grass seeding rate (0, 1.1, 4.5, and 17.9 kg ha-1) on the productivity and botanical composition of grass-white clover pastures were investigated from 1967 to 1970 on a previously unfertilized site at Armidale, New South Wales. In all years, total pasture yields were increased by each additional increment of superphosphate applied. During the establishment year, the addition of 375 kg ha-1 superphosphate increased clover dry matter yield by more than 3500 kg ha-1, whereas grass production was low (< 1500 kg ha-1) on all treatments. Thereafter, the increases in grass yields at each level of superphosphate were the equal of, or exceeded, the clover responses, which were mainly linear throughout the experiment. Neither grass seeding rate nor grass species had a major effect on total pasture productivity. Their effects on the relative yields of the grass and clover components were most evident at the highest rate of superphosphate. At SP0, grass and clover percentages declined from 1967 to 1970 and at SP125 the proportions of grass, clover and weeds were about equal in all years. At SP375, the strong overall trend from clover-dominance in 1967 to grass-dominance in 1970 was most rapid in treatments sown with 4.5 or 17.9 kg ha-1 grass and least rapid in phalaris-white clover pastures. In 1969 and 1970, when most pastures at SP375, had reached the grass-dominant stage of their development, within-year fluctuations in grass and clover content were least in the fescue-white clover pastures.

A comparison of the yield of three grass species at various levels of nitrogenous fertilizer sown alone or in a mixture

1968 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Cowling ◽  
D. R. Lockyer
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Pure Species ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Nitrogenous Fertilizer ◽  
The Mean

SummaryThe production of herbage dry matter harvested from a mixture of S. 24 perennial ryegrass, S. 37 cocksfoot and S. 48 timothy is compared with the yields of the same species sown alone. Various levels of fertilizer nitrogen were applied to the grasses which were harvested by cutting fourteen times over a 3-year period.The possibility that the mixture produced a greater yield than swards of pure species (after taking into account that the three species are not present in equal proportions in herbage harvested from the mixture) was examined using the concept of ‘the sum of the relative yields’. There was no evidence of a beneficial or antagonistic effect of one species on another; rather, the species seemed to be ‘mutually exclusive’ (de Wit & van den Bergh, 1965).The botanical composition of the mixture changed through the course of the experiment, e.g. cocksfoot became increasingly dominant, particularly at the highest level of nitrogen. Changes in composition accounted for any tendency for the yield of the mixture to deviate from the mean of the pure-sown swards.Some of the advantages and disadvantages of using mixtures are discussed and it is concluded that a rational approach to grassland husbandry should be based on swards sown to a single grass variety.

The effect of nitrogen, phosphate and potash fertilizers on three grass species

1968 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Margaret Wolton ◽  
J. S. Brockman ◽  
D. W. T. Brough ◽  
P. G. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Nutrient Yield ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Large Response

SUMMARYThe effects of annual applications of up to 300 lb/acre of N, 100 lb/acre of P2O5 and 200 lb/acre of K2O on cut swards of S. 24 ryegrass, S. 37 cocksfoot and S. 215 meadow fescue were measured in an experiment lasting 3 years.There were some differences between species in their dry-matter and nutrient yield response to nitrogen and potash applications, but not to phosphate. These differences were inconsistent and over the 3-year period were negligible.A large response to nitrogen was only fully maintained when phosphate and potash were also applied. There was no response above 50 lb/acre of P2O5 in any year. In the second year, 100 lb/acre of K2O was sufficient, but more than this was necessary in the other years. Symptoms of phosphate and potash deficiency were seen where high rates of nitrogen were applied without phosphate and potash respectively.

scholarly journals Yield and botanical composition of four dryland pastures at Ashley Dene Research Farm over 8 years

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breanna Taylor ◽  
Anna Mills ◽  
Malcolm Smith ◽  
Richard Lucas ◽  
Derrick Moot
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Spring Yield

Dry matter yield and botanical composition of four grazed dryland pasture types were compared over 8 years in summer-dry conditions at Ashley Dene, Canterbury, New Zealand. The experiment was sown in March 2013 to evaluate cocksfoot (CF)- or meadow fescue/ryegrass hybrid (RG)-based pastures established with either subterranean (Sub) or subterranean and balansa (S+B) clovers. Plantain was included in all pasture types. Perennial ryegrass established poorly on the low soil moisture holding capacity Lismore soil and in Year 2 was re-broadcast into the RG pastures. Despite this, plantain was the main sown species in RG pastures beyond Year 3. Total spring yield was greatest in Year 5 at 6720 kg DM/ha and varied with spring rainfall. Cocksfoot-based pastures had 60% of sown species present in the spring of Year 8, compared with 28% in RG-based pastures. Balansa clover was only present up to Year 5 after a managed seeding event in the first spring. White clover did not persist in the dryland environment past Year 2. Sub clover yield depended on the time and amount of autumn rainfall but contributed up to 45% of the spring yield. Cocksfoot-sub clover pastures appear to be most resilient in this summer-dry environment with variable spring rainfall.

Productivity and Level of Weed Infestation of Legume Meadow Grasses Depending On Grass Species and Fertilization

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (08) ◽  
pp. 4739
Author(s):  
Boryana Churkova ◽  
Tatyana Bozhanska*
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Favorable Influence ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Positive Effect

The experiment was conducted in the period of 2013-2015 in the experimental field of RIMSA-Troyan. The influence of bio-fertilizers, such as boron humate and molybdenum humate at doses of 1600 ml/ha, was studied.  They were applied in the beginning of bud-formation period on legumes, such as bird's-foot-trefoil, sainfoin, and red clover. The highest positive effect of studied bio-fertilizers over productivity was found in the treatment of grassland of sainfoin. Its yield increased, after the application of boron humate, in comparison with the control by 8.3%, and molybdenum humate increased the productivity of red clover by 4.0%. Both bio-fertilizers showed a negative effect in relation to dry matter yield of bird's-foot trefoil. Foliar treatment with boron and molybdenum humate of bird's-foot-trefoil, red clover and sainfoin decreased the level of weed infestation of crops and had an influence over the biological characteristics of grass species and meteorological conditions. As a result of the influence of bio-fertilizers, the stem height of sainfoin and red clover increased, which had a favorable influence over productivity of their grasslands.   

The effect of cutting interval and associate grass species on the growth of Stylosanthes species near Ingham, north Queensland

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (93) ◽  
pp. 546 ◽  
Author(s):  
JG McIvor
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
First Year ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Stylosanthes Guianensis ◽  
Cutting Interval

Five Stylosanthes guianensis accessions (cvv. Schofield, Cook and Endeavour, CPI 33706 and 40294), four S. scabra accessions (cv. Seca, CPI 34925,40205 and 40289), two S. viscosa accessions (CPI 33941 and 40264 B) and Centrosema pubescens (Common centro) were grown in small, fertilized swards with either Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk or Panicummaximum near lngham in northern Queensland. The swards were cut every 4,8,12 or 16 weeks to 10 cm above the ground for three years and herbage yield and botanical composition measured. Herbage yields of all Stylosanthes accessions declined over the three years while those of C. pubescens and the sown grasses increased after the first year. In the final year S, viscosa accessions yielded 200 kg ha-1 of dry matter or less, S. scabra accessions less than 2000 kg ha-1 and S. guianensis accessions and C. pubescens more than 2000 kg ha-1. The yields and proportions of legume and miscellaneous species were lower in B, decumbens plots than P. maximum plots. After the first year, cutting interval had no effect on legume yield. Grass yields were similar with cutting intervals of 12 or 16 weeks, but when plots were cut every 4 or 8 weeks B. decumbens outyielded P. maximum. The legume content of the S, guianensis plots cut every 12 or 16 weeks was higher than that of those cut every 4 or 8 weeks. The proportion of C, pubescens in the swards increased linearly as cutting interval increased. S. guianensis cvv. Schofield and Cook, and CPI 40294 had high growth rates early in the growing season while S. guianensis cvv. Schofield, Cook and CPI 33706 had high growth rates late in the season. B, decumbens had a higher growth rate than P. maximum during both the early and late growing season periods. S. guianensis cv. Cook was the best legume accession but S. guianensis CPI 40294 and S. scabra require further testing. None of the new accessions was more compatible with B. decumbens than existing cultivars.

scholarly journals Specific features of formation of grass-legume mixtures of the first and second year of life in the conditions of the European North of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-384
Author(s):  
A. A. Shamanin ◽  
L. A. Popova
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
First Year ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
The North ◽  
European North ◽  
Second Year Of Life ◽  
Second Year

The studies were carried out in a field experiment in the north of the Arkhangelsk region. Under study were twocomponent grass stands of the first and second year of life, composed of cereal (meadow fescue, reed fescue) and legume grasses (meadow clover and blue alfalfa ). It has been established that in the climatic conditions of the Northern region the studied perennial grasses do not go through the full life cycle during the first year of life: meadow clover develops up to the root rosette phase, blue alfalfa – up to the branching phase, cereals ‒ to the tillering phase. In the first year, the yield is formed due to the legume component, especially meadow clover, which occupies 73 % of the structure. In the second year of life, cereal grasses increase their influence on the yield formation up to 93 %. The most productive variant in the second year was the “reed fescue + meadow clover” variant. With a higher ratio of the cereal component (67 %) in total for two mowings in comparison with the control variant "meadow fescue + meadow clover", the increase in dry matter yield was 2.81 t/ha (LSD05 = 1.46 t/ha), the output of exchange energy was 30.56 GJ/ha higher, crude protein yield increased by 0.22 t /ha. Agrophytocenoses of reed fescue and meadow clover in the first year of intensive use make it possible to obtain green fodder with the protein content in 1 kg of dry matter at the level of 114.28 g ‒ 153.33 g and sugars 133.54 g ‒ 154.65 g depending on the mowing. High loss of blue alfalfa in the grass stand is due to its weak winter hardiness and the effect of low spring temperatures during the period of the beginning of regrowth. Thus, in the conditions of the European North of Russia among legume-cereal grass stands during the first two years of life the grass mixture of meadow clover and reed fescue has been identified as perspective. There has been noted a potential for regulation the feed nutritional value (protein, sugars and fiber content) by means of grass mixture components selection.

scholarly journals The composition of pasture grasses at the university farm Viik

1965 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-147
Author(s):  
Maija-Liisa Salo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Pasture Grasses ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Heading Stage

During the grazing seasons of the years 1961—63 determinations were made on the contents of monosaccharides, sucrose, fructosan, crude protein and ash in various grass species. In 1961 cocksfoot and meadow grass were investigated, in 1962 meadow fescue was included and in 1963 also timothy. Weather observations were also made during the seasons. The following results were established: At the beginning of the grazing season the contents of water-soluble carbohydrates in all the grasses were at a high level, reaching a maximum of slightly over 20 % of the dry matter. This high-sugar level lasted from one to four weeks, depending on the temperature, until the plants began to form flowering heads. At the heading stage the total amount of water-soluble carbohydrates decreased to nearly half of the previous level. During the remainder of the grazing season, or for 3—3 ½ months, the total sugar content was about 8—13 % of the dry matter, dropping sometimes, however, to as low as 6 %. At the end of the dry summer of 1963, higher contents than usual were determined. There were no great differences in the total contents of water-soluble carbohydrates between the different grass species. From the highest to the lowest sugar content, the species were: meadow fescue, meadow grass, cocksfoot. In fact timothy should be ranged as the first but this grass was not sampled from the pasture paddocks. Of the various water-soluble carbohydrates, the sucrose fraction was the largest in most of the samples. Cocksfoot contained less fructosan than the other grasses, and at the heading stage its content of monosaccharides was very high. Of the three years of the study, two were rainy and one was dry. In spite of the differing weather conditions, however, no noteworthy differences in the water-soluble carbohydrate contents were observed. The crude protein content was found to be dependent upon the growth stage. No appreciable differences were observed between cocksfoot, meadow grass and meadow fescue. Timothy, on the other hand, had a lower content of both protein and ash than the three pasture grasses. Contents of cell-wall substances were generally alike during the pasture season. Notable exceptions were evident only in the cases where the samples represented grass at an early growth stage. Meadow grass contained slightly more cell-wall constituents than cocksfoot, e. g. its xylan and crude lignin contents were somewhat higher. Furthermore, the solubility of such constituents in weak acid was slightly less for meadow grass than for cocksfoot.

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