scholarly journals The Initial Impact of the Open Scholarship Policy Observatory

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Sarah Milligan ◽  
Kimberly Silk ◽  
Alyssa Arbuckle ◽  
Ray Siemens
Keyword(s):  
Diverse Group ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Digital Scholarship ◽  
International Policies ◽  
Production Distribution ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Critical Issues

In September 2016, members of the Implementing New Knowledge Environments (INKE) Partnership—a broad, diverse group working to advance understanding of, and resolve critical issues in, the production, distribution and widespread engagement of digital scholarship in Canada and beyond—met to discuss future directions and focus areas. One of the resulting initiatives is the Open Scholarship Policy Observatory. The Open Scholarship Policy Observatory tracks national and international policies and policy changes in order to assist INKE partners with developing timely and responsive policies. This paper describes the development of the initiative, and reports on the initial impacts the project has had to date.

Perinatal Depression as an Early Stress

2018 ◽  
pp. 286-312
Author(s):  
Sherryl H. Goodman ◽  
Meeka S. Halperin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Perinatal Depression ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Causal Relations ◽  
Early Stress ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Per Se

This chapter provides a review of research and a description of the central issues regarding the stressor of depression in mothers during pregnancy and the postpartum periods in relation to risk for the development of psychopathology in offspring. Where evidence allows, causal relations are emphasized; otherwise, limitations are noted, especially those regarding being able to draw causal conclusions from the correlational approaches typically taken in this area of study. Evidence for mechanisms in the transmission of risk is also described, given the potential for understanding causal relations. With the developmental psychopathology perspective of depression as a stressor for offspring, the focus is on vulnerabilities to and early signs of disorder as well as mental health outcomes per se. The chapter concludes with suggested critical issues in the field and recommendations for future directions for research.

scholarly journals Teamwork, Edison Style

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (02) ◽  
pp. 46-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Miller Caldicott
Keyword(s):  
Team Member ◽  
Beating Heart ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Critical Component ◽  
Knowledge Assets ◽  
Textile Worker ◽  
Instrument Maker ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Electric Light

This article discusses Thomas Edison’s concept of teamwork and collaborations. Edison fundamentally viewed collaboration as a connecting force, a transformational force that facilitated and made possible the development of new knowledge. Edison’s innovations were generated through focused approaches to teamwork and collaboration. He viewed collaboration as the beating heart of his laboratories, a sustaining resource that fueled the knowledge assets of his innovation. Edison designed a process of collaboration that was used across his entire enterprise of more than 200 companies worldwide. Because Edison believed that individuals are vital to collaborative success, he placed emphasis on the contributions of each team member as a critical component of the team’s joint efforts. Because he believed that a diverse group of individuals offered the best chance for collaborative success, Edison consistently created teams that had members from several disciplines. The famous group that drove the breakthrough thinking behind the incandescent electric light consisted of a glassblower, a machinist, a chemist, a mathematician, an instrument maker, and a textile worker, along with Edison himself.

scholarly journals Cystatins — Inhibitors of Cysteine Proteinases

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libuse A. Bobek ◽  
Michael J. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Proteinase Inhibitors ◽  
Cysteine Proteinase ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Cysteine Proteinases ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors ◽  
Physicochemical And Functional Properties

The cystatin superfamily of proteins, derived from a common ancestor, is comprised of a diverse group of potent cysteine proteinase inhibitors and antibacterial/viral agents grouped into several families. This review concentrates on family 2 cystatins, namely, the human salivary cystatins and cystatin C. Emphasis is given to their physicochemical and functional properties at both the protein and the molecular level. The role of cystatins in disease processes, including those in the oral cavity, is also discussed. Finally, future directions for cystatin research in oral biology are presented.

scholarly journals State-of-the-art review: preventing child and youth pedestrian motor vehicle collisions: critical issues and future directions

2020 ◽  
pp. injuryprev-2020-043829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Soleil Cloutier ◽  
Emilie Beaulieu ◽  
Liraz Fridman ◽  
Alison K Macpherson ◽  
Brent E Hagel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
English Language ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Intersectoral Collaboration ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
The Road ◽  
Vehicle Collision ◽  
Critical Issues

AimTo undertake a comprehensive review of the best available evidence related to risk factors for child pedestrian motor vehicle collision (PMVC), as well as identification of established and emerging prevention strategies.MethodsArticles on risk factors were identified through a search of English language publications listed in Medline, Embase, Transport, SafetyLit, Web of Science, CINHAL, Scopus and PsycINFO within the last 30 years (~1989 onwards).ResultsThis state-of-the-art review uses the road safety Safe System approach as a new lens to examine three risk factor domains affecting child pedestrian safety (built environment, drivers and vehicles) and four cross-cutting critical issues (reliable collision and exposure data, evaluation of interventions, evidence-based policy and intersectoral collaboration).ConclusionsResearch conducted over the past 30 years has reported extensively on child PMVC risk factors. The challenge facing us now is how to move these findings into action and intervene to reduce the child PMVC injury and fatality rates worldwide.

Learning and Conditioning in Chronic Pain

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan W. S. Vlaeyen
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Associative Learning ◽  
Operant Conditioning ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Knowledge Representations ◽  
Inhibitory Processes ◽  
Rapid Acquisition ◽  
Observable Change ◽  
New Knowledge

This chapter highlights the ways that individuals learn to adapt to changes due to painful experiences. Learning is the observable change in behavior due to events in the internal and external environment, and it includes non-associative (habituation and sensitization) and associative learning (Pavlovian and operant conditioning). Once acquired, new knowledge representations remain stored in memory and may generalize to perceptually or functionally similar events. Moreover, these processes are not just a consequence of pain; they may also modulate the perception of pain. In contrast to the rapid acquisition of learned responses, their extinction is slow, fragile, and context-dependent, and it only occurs through inhibitory processes. The chapter reviews features of associative forms of learning in humans that contribute to pain, pain-related distress, and disability. It concludes with a discussion of promising future directions.

scholarly journals Glycemic modulation in neuro-oncology: experience and future directions using a modified Atkins diet for high-grade brain tumors

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy E. Strowd ◽  
Mackenzie C. Cervenka ◽  
Bobbie J. Henry ◽  
Eric H. Kossoff ◽  
Adam L. Hartman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Glycolytic Metabolism ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Modified Atkins Diet ◽  
Atkins Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies

Dietary glycemic modulation through high-fat, low-carbohydrate diets, which induce a state of systemic ketosis and alter systemic metabolic signaling, have been incorporated into the clinical management of patients with neurological disease for more than a century. Mounting preclinical evidence supports the antitumor, proapoptotic, and antiangiogenic effects of disrupting glycolytic metabolism through dietary intervention. In recent years, interest in incorporating such novel therapeutic strategies in neuro-oncology has increased. To date, 3 published studies incorporating novel dietary therapies in oncology have been reported, including one phase I study in neuro-oncology, and have set the stage for further study in this field. In this article, we review the biochemical pathways, preclinical data, and early clinical translation of dietary interventions that modulate systemic glycolytic metabolism in the management of primary malignant brain tumors. We introduce the modified Atkins diet (MAD), a novel dietary alternative to the classic ketogenic diet, and discuss the critical issues facing future study.

Transatlantic Television Drama

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Hilmes ◽  
Matt Hills ◽  
Roberta Pearson
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Audience Reception ◽  
Fan Fiction ◽  
Television Drama ◽  
Global Partnerships ◽  
Transatlantic Exchange ◽  
Production Distribution ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

A tide of high-quality television drama is sweeping the world. The new transnational television series has developed not only global appeal but innovative new modes of production, distribution, and reception. Nowhere is the transnational exchange of television drama more vital than between Britain and the United States, where it builds on more than sixty years of import, adaptation, coproduction, and fandom. This edited volume explores the transatlantic flow of television drama, focusing on key programs, industry strategies, critical debates, and audience reception, from an international roster of scholars and researchers. The chapters explore some of the most widely discussed programs on the transatlantic circuit. The book's first part focuses on media industries, tracing the history of transatlantic exchange and investigating contemporary practices such as coproduction, digital distribution, global partnerships, promotion, and branding. The second part concentrates on specific television texts and their negotiation of meaning across cultural contexts, exploring critical issues in the creation of transnational drama, such as heritage, proximity, performance, and self-reflexivity. Part III turns to the lively sphere of transatlantic fandom and commentary, including fan conventions, fan fiction, the role of both traditional and social media, and fan strategies for negotiating cultural differences. Transatlantic Television Drama provides a wide-ranging analysis of a phenomenon at the forefront of today’s television universe. It is focused on the serial dramatic programs that have gained the bulk of critical and popular attention and is particularly concerned with the impact of digital technologies on the production, distribution, and reception of television drama.

Opioid Substitution: Critical Issues and Future Directions

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Marsden ◽  
Michael Gossop ◽  
Michael Farrell ◽  
John Strang
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Services ◽  
Dose Administration ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Treatment Providers ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Injectable Form ◽  
Opioid Substitution

Opioid substitution with oral methadone is the most widely implemented treatment for heroin dependence. In Britain, a complex array of specialist and generic health care services have evolved to deliver this treatment modality. Several minority aspects of British substitution practices receive enduring international interest, including the use of heroin itself as a substitute and the prescribing of methadone in an injectable form. This paper focuses on six linked dimensions that characterize substitution services: (1) treatment providers and settings, (2) prescribing regimes and treatment goals, (3) substitute drugs, (4) dose administration, (5) dose levels, and (6) substitute formulations. Against a background of increasing central and local accountability for the quality and efficiency of specialist providers and critical attention toward their effectiveness, the strengths and weaknesses of the British approach are considered and key issues and future directions are discussed.

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