The effects of selenium in the prevention and treatment of Coronavirus disease 2019: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1540-1544
Author(s):  
Y. Hekmatnia ◽  
M. Naghdipour ◽  
P. Valiollahi ◽  
F. Ebrahimzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Selenium Supplementation ◽  
Serum Selenium ◽  
Selenium Status ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Antiviral Drug Resistance ◽  
Respiratory Droplets ◽  
Serum Selenium Level

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is an ongoing global pandemic and caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is transmitted between people through respiratory droplets. Because of antiviral drug resistance and virus mutation, the treatment of covid-19 disease is facing a new challenge. Therefore, have been proposed that micronutrients can be used for strengthen the immune system as new antiviral strategies. Selenium plays an important role in immune function through its incorporation in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. There is a very strong evidence that is link between selenium status and susceptibility of humans to a viral infection. Recently published studies demonstrates that serum level of selenium was lower in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to in healthy individuals. Also, the results of these study demonstrated that the serum selenium level deficiency increased the mortality rate of COVID-19. Thus, selenium supplementation can possibly be used for the prevention or treatment of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in selenium-deficient status. Key words: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Selenium, Selenium-deficient, Mortality rate

Outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its manifestation

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bikash Debnath ◽  
Waikhom Somraj Singh ◽  
Kuntal Manna
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
World Health ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Pregnant Mother ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
The World ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) first outbreak in Wuhan, China, and the infection is intense worldwide. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for COVID-19. The World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed total deaths had noted 4.20% globally (March 21, 2020). Between the intervals of four months (July 21, 2020), confirmed total deaths had recorded 4.17%, globally. In India, 909 confirmed cases and 19 deaths were reported by Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, March 28, 2020. Between the intervals of 123 days In India, 1638870 confirmed cases and 35684 deaths. COVID-19 can potentially spread from person to person through direct contact or respiratory droplets from coughing and sneezing. The most common symptoms are fever, dry cough, difficulty in breathing, and fatigue. A pregnant mother with COVID-19 has fewer chances to transfer this infection of her newborn babies. Children have less affected than an adult. A specific antiviral drug or vaccine has not been developed to cure the disease. Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir, ritonavir, nafamostat, nitazoxanide, and remdesivir have effective drugs to treat COVID-19. Many vaccine candidates are under pre-clinical and clinical studies. In this review, we highlight the epidemiology, sign-symptoms, pathogenesis, mode of transmission, and effects of a pregnant mother with newborns, children, prevention, and drugs affective to COVID-19.

Low Selenium Status in the Elderly Influences Thyroid Hormones

1995 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 637-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliviero Olivieri ◽  
Domenico Girelli ◽  
Margherita Azzini ◽  
Anna Maria Stanzial ◽  
Carla Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Serum Selenium ◽  
Selenium Status ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo

1. Iodothyronine 5′-deiodinase, which is mainly responsible for peripheral triiodothyronine (T3) production, has recently been demonstrated to be a selenium-containing enzyme. In the elderly, reduced peripheral conversion of thyroxine (T4) to T3 and overt hypothyroidism are frequently observed. 2. We measured serum selenium and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (as indices of selenium status), thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone in 109 healthy euthyroid subjects (52 women, 57 men), carefully selected to exclude abnormally low thyroid hormone levels induced by acute or chronic diseases or calorie restriction. The subjects were subdivided into three age groups. To avoid conditions of undernutrition or malnutrition, dietary records were obtained for a sample of 24 subjects, randomly selected and representative of the whole population for age and sex. 3. In order to properly assess the influence of selenium status on iodothyronine 5′-deiodinase type I activity, a double-blind placebo-controlled trial was also carried out on 36 elderly subjects, resident at a privately owned nursing home. 4. In the free-living population, a progressive reduction of the T3/T4 ratio (due to increased T4 levels) and of selenium and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity was observed with advancing age. A highly significant linear correlation between T4, T3/T4 and selenium was observed in the population as a whole (for T4, R = −0.312, P < 0.002; for T3/T4 ratio, R = 0.32, P < 0.01) and in older subjects (for T4, R = −0.40, P < 0.05; for T3/T4 ratio, R = 0.54, P < 0.002). 5. The main result of the double-blind placebo-controlled trial was a significant improvement of selenium indices and a decrease in the T4 level in selenium-treated subjects; serum selenium, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity and thyroid hormones did not change in placebo-treated subjects. 6. We concluded that selenium status influences thyroid hormones in the elderly, mainly modulating T4 levels.

scholarly journals A chronicle of SARS-CoV-2: Seasonality, environmental fate, transport, inactivation, and antiviral drug resistance

2020 ◽  
pp. 124043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Kumar ◽  
Payal Mazumder ◽  
Sanjeeb Mohapatra ◽  
Alok Kumar Thakur ◽  
Kiran Dhangar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Antiviral Drug Resistance

scholarly journals Arginase 1 (Arg1) as an Up-Regulated Gene in COVID-19 Patients: A Promising Marker in COVID-19 Immunopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afshin Derakhshani ◽  
Nima Hemmat ◽  
Zahra Asadzadeh ◽  
Moslem Ghaseminia ◽  
Mahdi Abdoli Shadbad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Cdna Synthesis ◽  
Arginase 1 ◽  
Global Pandemic

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been declared a global pandemic. It is well-established that SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to dysregulated immune responses. Arginase-1 (Arg1), which has a pivotal role in immune cells, can be expressed in most of the myeloid cells, e.g., neutrophils and macrophages. Arg1 has been associated with the suppression of antiviral immune responses. Methods: Whole blood was taken from 21 COVID-19 patients and 21 healthy individuals, and after RNA extraction and complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesis, gene expression of Arg1 was measured by real-time PCR. Results: The qPCR results showed that the expression of Arg1 was significantly increased in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy individuals (p < 0.01). The relative expression analysis demonstrated there were approximately 2.3 times increased Arg1 expression in the whole blood of COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed a considerable diagnostic value for Arg1 expression in COVID-19 (p = 0.0002 and AUC = 0.8401). Conclusion: Arg1 might be a promising marker in the pathogenesis of the disease, and it could be a valuable diagnostic tool.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Antiviral Drug Resistance in Untreated Patients with Cytomegalovirus Retinitis

2000 ◽  
Vol 182 (4) ◽  
pp. 1234-1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiqun Liu ◽  
Carol Shum ◽  
Daniel F. Martin ◽  
Baruch D. Kuppermann ◽  
Anthony J. H. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Retinitis ◽  
Antiviral Drug Resistance

Sticking Together Six Feet Apart: Testing the Effects of Social Distancing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoli Ediriweera ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Isolation Techniques ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Centers For Disease Control ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

Social distancing - like many other precautions taken during a global pandemic, it is easier said than done. COVID-19 is spread by respiratory droplets through coughing or sneezing (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020, para. 1). These droplets can land on someone nearby, so experts recommend practicing social distancing or self-isolation techniques to prevent contracting coronavirus. These methods include staying six feet apart from other individuals and staying home from work, school, and other large gatherings.

Prognostic value of serum selenium level in cutaneous melanoma

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
B. Dréno ◽  
C. Deffuant ◽  
P. Célérier ◽  
H. L. Boiteau ◽  
P. Litoux
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Melanoma ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Selenium Level ◽  
Serum Selenium ◽  
Serum Selenium Level

LncRNA MIAT regulated by selenium and T-2 toxin increases NF-κB-p65 activation, promoting the progress of Kashin-Beck Disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 096032712097512
Author(s):  
Min Shi ◽  
Ying He ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Xiaobo Guo ◽  
Jing Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Serum Selenium ◽  
Sirna Transfection ◽  
Pathway Activation ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Selenium Treatment ◽  
Low Selenium ◽  
Serum Selenium Level ◽  
Beck Disease

LncRNA myocardial infarction associated transcript (MIAT) has been shown to be involved in osteoarthritis (OA), but its role in Kashin-Beck Disease (KBD) has rarely been reported. In this study, rats were administered with low selenium and/or T-2 toxin for 4 weeks to establish a KBD animal model. The serum selenium level, TNF-α and IL-1β contents, phosphorylated p65 (p-p65) and MIAT expression were increased in each intervention group. Next, we isolated the primary epiphyseal chondrocytes, and found that selenium treatment reversed the effects of T-2 toxin on chondrocyte injury, p-p65 and MIAT expression. In addition, MIAT overexpression or T-2 toxin treatment led to increased cell death, apoptosis, inflammation, NF-κB-p65 pathway activation and MIAT expression, which was rescued by selenium treatment or MIAT siRNA transfection. Our results suggested that lncRNA MIAT regulated by selenium and T-2 toxin increased the activation of NF-κB-p65, thus being involved in the progress of KBD. [Formula: see text]

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