Analysis of Fungicide Prochloraz in Platycodi Radix by GC-ECD

Abstract In Platycodi Radix (root of Platycodon grandiflorum), there are a number of platycosides that consist of a pentacyclic triterpenoid aglycone and two sugar moieties. Due to the pharmacological activities of platycosides, it is critical to assess their contents in PR, and develop an effective method to profile various platycosides is required. In this study, an analytical method based on ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) with an in-house library was developed and applied to profile various platycosides from four different Platycodi Radix cultivars. As a result, platycosides, including six isomeric pairs, were successfully analyzed in the PRs. In the principal component analysis, several platycosides were represented as main variables to differentiate the four Platycodi Radix cultivars. Their different levels of platycosides were also represented by relative quantification. Finally, this study indicated the proposed method based on the UPLC-QTOF/MS can be an effective tool for identifying the detail characterization of various platycosides in the Platycodi Radix.

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Quantitative and Chemical Fingerprint Analysis for the Quality Evaluation of Platycodi Radix Collected from Various Regions in China by HPLC Coupled with Chemometrics

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23071823 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (7) ◽

pp. 1823 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Haiyang Lu ◽

Mengzhen Ju ◽

Shanshan Chu ◽

Tao Xu ◽

Yuzhe Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Evaluation ◽

Southern China ◽

Pulmonary Diseases ◽

Evaporative Light Scattering Detection ◽

Fingerprint Analysis ◽

Light Scattering Detection ◽

Platycodi Radix ◽

Evaporative Light Scattering ◽

Long Time

Platycodi Radix (PR) is the root of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC., which has been used for a long time in China to treat pulmonary diseases. The present study aimed to evaluate the quality of PR samples collected from 23 regions of 11 provinces in China. Eight saponins were quantified using HPLC coupled with evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD). The samples with the highest total contents of saponins were from southern China, such as Yunnan, Guangxi, Jiangxi, and Guangzhou. The fingerprint analysis of PR samples was conducted by HPLC-UV method. Nineteen common peaks were selected and the similarity values varied from 0.607 to 0.921. These findings indicated that the saponins contents of PR from different regions varied significantly, with PR samples from southern China having the highest contents of saponins. These comprehensive methods were successful in evaluating the quality of PR samples from northern and southern China, which will serve as a guide for the development of PR as a clinical medication.

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Platycodi Radix Beverage Reduced the Postprandial Lipemia Response to a High-fat Load in Randomized Controlled Trials of Healthy Subjects (P12-009-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz035.p12-009-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Inhye Lee ◽

Hansol Lee ◽

Seunghee Kang ◽

Soo-yeon Park ◽

Yeni Lim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Dose ◽

Lipoprotein Lipase ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Postprandial Lipemia ◽

High Fat ◽

Cooperative Research ◽

Design Study ◽

Beverage Consumption ◽

Platycodi Radix ◽

Lpl Mass

Abstract Objectives High postprandial lipemia is a characteristic of metabolic abnormality recognized as a risk factor inducing cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Platycodi radix (PR) beverage on postprandial lipemia response after challenging with a high-fat/sugar load using both single-dose cross-over and 8-week repeated paralleled designs in healthy subjects. Methods A total of 52 and 96 subjects were included in the two studies, respectively. Postprandial blood samples were collected at designated time points from 0 to 6 hours after a high-fat load at each visit to determine triglyceride (TG) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and mass in plasma, chylomicron and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). A general linear mixed-effect model analysis of time point values and area under the curves (AUCs) was performed to estimate the effect of PR beverage on postprandial lipemia response. Results In a single-dose cross-over design study, PR beverage consumption significantly increased lipoprotein lipase mass (P = 0.011, β estimate = 4.295) and reduced TG concentration in VLDL (P = 0.038, β estimate = −52.69) at 6-hour as compared to those in placebo consumption with a high-fat load. Postprandial TG responses as measured by AUC for 6 hours were significantly correlated with a high-fat dietary score MEDFICTS in chylomicron (r = 0.276, P = 0.008) and VLDL (r = 0.213, P = 0.040). In a 8-week repeated parallel design study, postprandial lipemia responses were compared considering the interaction between group and week. PR beverage consumption decreased postprandial serum TG response (AUCn, P = 0.039; total AUC, P = 0.088). In addition, PR increased plasma LPL mass (AUCn, P = 0.076) that is a clearing factor that hydrolyzed TG of chylomicron and VLDL in the lipoprotein metabolism. Conclusions In both of single and long-term intake, PR beverage consumption improved the degradation of postprandial TG level with increasing postprandial LPL mass. However, detail LPL mechanisms of PR consumption should be further analyzed. Funding Sources This work was carried out with the support of “Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development” Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea and the BK21 PLUS program of the Ministry of Education.

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An HPLC-MS/MS method for the quantitative determination of platycodin D in rat plasma and its application to the pharmacokinetics of Platycodi Radix extract

Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines ◽

10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60026-1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 154-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Qin ZHAN ◽

Feng ZHANG ◽

Shou-Hong GAO ◽

Fei CAI ◽

Bo JIANG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Determination ◽

Rat Plasma ◽

Platycodin D ◽

Platycodi Radix

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A Study on the Antioxidant Activity and Tissues Selective Inhibition of Lipid Peroxidation by Saponins from the Roots of Platycodon grandiflorum

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x09007375 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 37 (05) ◽

pp. 967-975 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Xian-Jun Fu ◽

Hong-Bing Liu ◽

Peng Wang ◽

Hua-Shi Guan

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Selective Inhibition ◽

Antioxidant Systems ◽

Platycodon Grandiflorum ◽

Platycodi Radix ◽

Antioxidant Effects ◽

Different Tissues ◽

Selective Effects

Platycodi Radix is the root of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC and has been used as a traditional medicine in China. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, Platycodi Radix (PR) possesses the character of lung meridian tropism (Guijing) and has selective effects on the lung and respiratory system. The aim of this study was to confirm the antioxidant effects of saponins from Platycodi Radix (PRS), with emphasis on its selective inhibition of lipid peroxidation in different tissues. The hydroxyl radical scavenging activity was determined by a H2O2/Fe2+ system; a modified thiobarbituric acid reactive species assay was used to measure the lipid peroxide in rats' tissues. These antioxidant activities were compared to ascorbic acid (Vc). The results showed that PRS had antioxidant activities in various antioxidant systems. And the inhibition capability of lipid peroxidation of PRS and Vc were excellent, but differed greatly in different tissues. These results suggested that PRS had antioxidant effects and selective inhibition of lipid peroxidation. It indicated that the mechanism of Platycodi Radix to treat some diseases might be related to its antioxidant activity, especially its tissue selective effects. However, further study is needed.

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Platycodi radix beverage ameliorates postprandial lipemia response through lipid clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein: A randomized controlled study in healthy subjects with a high-fat load

Nutrition Research and Practice ◽

10.4162/nrp.2018.12.5.371 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 371 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hansol Lee ◽

Yeni Lim ◽

Soo-yeon Park ◽

Soo-Muk Cho ◽

Jeong-Sook Choe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healthy Subjects ◽

Postprandial Lipemia ◽

Randomized Controlled Study ◽

Controlled Study ◽

High Fat ◽

Lipoprotein A ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Platycodi Radix ◽

Triglyceride Rich Lipoprotein

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Enzymatic Biotransformation of Balloon Flower Root Saponins into Bioactive Platycodin D by Deglucosylation with Caldicellulosiruptor bescii β-Glucosidase

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20163854 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (16) ◽

pp. 3854 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tae-Geun Kil ◽

Su-Hwan Kang ◽

Tae-Hun Kim ◽

Kyung-Chul Shin ◽

Deok-Kun Oh

Keyword(s):

Pharmacological Activity ◽

Plant Root ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

The Other ◽

Root Extract ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Platycodin D ◽

Caldicellulosiruptor Bescii ◽

Platycodi Radix ◽

Biotransformation Process

Platycodin D (PD), a major saponin (platycoside) in Platycodi radix (balloon flower root), has higher pharmacological activity than the other major platycosides; however, its content in the plant root is only approximately 10% (w/w) and the productivities of PD by several enzymes are still too low for industrial applications. To rapidly increase the total PD content, the β-glucosidase from Caldicellulosiruptor bescii was used for the deglucosylation of the PD precursors platycoside E (PE) and platycodin D3 (PD3) in the root extract into PD. Under the optimized reaction conditions, the enzyme completely converted the PD precursors into PD with the highest productivity reported so far, increasing the total PD content to 48% (w/w). In the biotransformation process, the platycosides in Platycodi radix were hydrolyzed by four pathways: deapiosylated (deapi)-PE → deapi-PD3 → deapi-PD, PE → PD3 → PD, polygalacin D3 → polygalacin D, and 3″-O-acetyl polygalacin D3 → 3″-O-acetyl polygalacin D.

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