Problemele demografice ale Republicii Moldova în perioada independenței statale

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantin Matei ◽  
◽  
Maia Postica ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Transition ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Demographic Evolution

The demographic situation in the Republic of Moldova during the years of state independence has changed considerably in the sense of its aggravation to the socio-demographic indicators. The economic transition also had negative consequences on the demographic evolution. The geodemographic trends are similar to the states in the region and have negative or positive values for most demographic indicators attesting to demographic insecurity.

scholarly journals Ensuring human security by optimizing the decision-making process in the Republic of Moldova

Moldoscopie ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serghei Sprincean ◽  
◽  
Tudorița-Sanda Sohotchi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International System ◽  
Human Security ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Global Crisis ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
The Republic

The term human security arose mainly from the need to change the concept of security by emphasizing the special role of a person in the process of ensuring it. Another main reason in the process of emerging and substantiating the concept of human security was the need to find viable solutions to the current global crisis and the crisis of protecting and promoting human rights, initiating a change in security as a fundamental element in the relationship between the individual, society and nature. From a practical point of view, human security contributes to solving a problem of major global importance: determining the prospects for the international system and human civilization as a whole to counter the negative consequences of the global crisis associated with new needs in the field of human rights. In the Republic of Moldova, security issues, in addition to the other roles and functions they play in the political sphere, are becoming more and more acceptable ways and means of influencing the process of making strategic political decisions.

scholarly journals The influence of criminal deviation on the demographic processes in the Republic of Bashkortostan

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-101
Author(s):  
S. V. Egoryshev
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Social Economic Development

The current demographic situation in most regions of Russia is characterized by a number of negative trends associated with population decline, aging, low birth rate, high mortality, redistribution of migration flows and outflow of population, mainly of its young and working-age part, to the most economically developed regions, cities and abroad. Numerous factors influence the state and trends of demographic processes; this influence is studied and taken into account when the strategies of the demographic and social-economic policies of the country as a whole and its regions are considered. The social-economic development and its specific components including demographic processes are also determined by social deviations of a delinquent and criminal nature. The destructive consequences of criminal deviation for demographic processes are not obvious or critical, but they are manifested both directly (human losses) and indirectly (material and financial costs, increased mortality from alcohol, drugs, suicides, social exclusion of people who are sick or isolated due to deviations). Criminal deviation as a type of destructive social deviations is manifested mainly in crime and in those deviations that are its cause and corpus delicti. Based on the analysis of statistical and sociological data on the Republic of Bashkortostan, the author considers negative consequences of criminal deviation for the demographic situation and insists on the need to find effective measures to reduce them to a socially acceptable level (a criterion of such measures effectiveness).

scholarly journals Natural Reproduction of the Population of Russia during the Coronavirus Pandemic: Risks and Consequences (The Case of the Republic of Tatarstan)

REGIONOLOGY ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 686-708
Author(s):  
Alisa A. Ibragimova ◽  
Chulpan I. Ildarhanova
Keyword(s):  
Natural Population ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
Natural Reproduction ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic

Introduction. The study is of relevance due to the decline in the population of the Russian Federation since 2018 and the aggravation of the demographic situation since 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the results of analyses of demographic indicators of natural population growth in the Russian Federation, in the Volga Federal District, and in the Republic of Tatarstan, the article identifies the factors affecting such indicators during the spread of coronavirus infection. Materials and Methods. The study analyzed operational data from the Federal State Statistics Service and the Unified Interdepartmental Information and Statistical System on the demographic indicators (birth rate, mortality, marriage rate, and divorce rate). The comparative, cross-sectional, correlation, and regression methods of analysis were employed, which made it possible to reveal significant factors affecting the demographic situation and identify the general trend of demographic processes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results. On the basis of the official statistics, an analysis of the demographic situation in terms of natural reproduction of the population of Russia, exemplified by the case of the Republic of Tatarstan has been carried out; the main factors in natural population decline during the COVID-19 pandemic have been identified; the need for the introduction of new measures aimed at improving health and reducing the mortality rate and overcoming the demographic crisis in marriage and family relations has been substantiated. Discussion and Conclusion. Conclusions have been drawn about the possibility of increasing the negative impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the future demographic situation, which is a threat to the national security of Russia. The significance of the research materials consists in a comprehensive analysis of the demographic situation caused by the natural population change. The results of the study can be used by the authorities in the development and adjustment of regional and federal demographic and social policies.

MEDICAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC SITUATION IN THE UDMURT REPUBLIC: REPRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-12
Author(s):  
N.N. Bushmeleva ◽  
◽  
Yu.N. Vakhrusheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Federal District ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic

Significance. The demographic crisis in Russia, registered since 2016, has deteriorated again and the forecast remains unfavorable, substantiating the need for reserves to protect the reproductive potential. Assessment of medical and demographic processes and the possibility of managing them is an important scientific and practical task, the solution of which is relevant for the Udmurt Republic against the background of the existing unfavorable trends in the socio-economic situation. Purpose of the study. To evaluate medical and demographic situation in the Udmurt Republic. Material and method. Medical and demographic indicators for 2012-2019 were studied on the basis of the Rosstat official statistics and materials of the Territorial Body of the State Statistics Service of the Udmurt Republic (according to the information support schemes approved by the Ministry of Health of the Udmurt Republic). Data of the federal statistical observation forms No. 13 for the period 2012 - 2019 were used as the research material. To compare the analyzed indicators in the Udmurt Republic, the Volga Federal District and the Russian Federation as a whole, the authors used materials available from the website of the Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (https://mednet.ru). To assess dynamics in the analyzed indicators, the growth rate index (%) was calculated. Results. The study has analyzed and evaluated major health and demographic indicators of the Udmurt Republic and compared them with similar indicators of the Russian Federation and the Volga Federal District. Results of the study include as follows: a steady decline in the Republic population; the reproduction indicators in the Republic are below the replacement level; low level of health across all age groups; the gynecological morbidity among females is 1.5-2-fold higher than in Russia and the Volga Federal District; high morbidity among females during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period.

scholarly journals Analysis of the demographic situation in Gomel region (2008–2019)

2020 ◽  
pp. 114-121
Author(s):  
A. M. Ostrovsky ◽  
I. N. Koliada ◽  
T. M. Sharshakova
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Sex Structure ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
The Republic

Objective: to analyze the medical and demographic indicators in Gomel Region between 2008 to 2019 in dynamics.Material and methods. The source of initial information was the materials of the annual reports of the National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus for the period from 2008 to 2019. The calculation and assessment of the demographic indicators were made according to the generally accepted method. The 95 % probability of differences (α = 0.05) was considered to be statistically significant.Results. The performed analysis has showed that an unfavorable demographic situation still persists in Gomel Region. Thus, the average population in 2019 decreased by 5.8 thousand people compared to 2008 and made up 1409.9 thousand people. The number of urban dwellers in the region made up 1095.4 thousand people and increased by 0.5 thousand people, the rural population decreased by 6.3 thousand people and made up 315.5 thousand people. The share of the rural population in the total population of the region is currently 23.3 %. On the whole, there is a negative natural increase. The natural decline remains stable and long-term, and in the year of 2019 it was — 3.8 ‰. The general mortality rate increased by 3.8 %, and the birth rate decreased by 4.9% compared to the previous year. The mortality rate among the working-age population remains high. The study has found the stabilization and even a decrease of child and infant mortalities over the past years.Conclusion. The analysis of the demographic processes in Gomel Region between 2008 and 2019 indicates their direct and significant negative impact on the population size and its age and sex structure. This tendency is not temporary, as it is associated with the current historical process. The number of residents in the region is constantly decreasing, which is mainly related to the stable natural decline. Taking into account the current demographic crisis not only in Gomel Region but also in other regions of the Republic of Belarus, health promotion and enhancement among the population should be the most important priorities of the state policy.

scholarly journals The Influence of International Migration on Demographic Indicators in the Republic of Moldova at the Current Stage

2018 ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Tatiana Daud
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Integration ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
The Republic ◽  
European Standards

The study of international migration effects has become essential at this stage. Thus, the Republic of Moldova was touched by the massive migration phenomenon, being hit by a huge wave of emigration, the main cause being the economic situation in the country. In this article, the author correlates three complex phenomena: migration, demographic indicators and socio-economic stability in the Republic of Moldova. The study will analyze the demographic consequences from the historiographical and theoretical-methodological perspective, all the more so since the category of emigrants for economic reasons in recent years is composed of young people (around the age of 35). Consequently, the Republic of Moldova faces an accelerated process of its own population aging. The most serious problem, however, is the temporary abandonment of minors by migrant parents, and national authorities must develop policies to monitor them, which are often inefficient or do not meet European standards. The multidimensional approach is taken to the concept of migration in terms of its impact on the demographic indicators and the prospects for settlement. The tendency to remain definitive in the destination country is well known and leads to considerable losses among the population. This loss results in a decrease in the economic growth rate, but at the same time social one, because the human factor is the most important source of economic growth. It is estimated that by 2040 more than one billion inhabitants of the planet will leave their place of origin to seek their place elsewhere. Such an evolution is objective and corresponds to advanced economic and social characteristics, especially in European areas. Developed economy, guaranteed jobs, respected human rights, full affirmation, especially among women, as well as a cultured society have contributed to the increase of Moldovan citizens' emigration. The article aims at a preliminary analysis of the relations between the components of international migration and the dynamics of the Republic of Moldova's population. In conclusion, the author points out the dependence on the economic, social, cultural and political advantages of Moldovan citizens, as well as the achievements and reforms of the national authorities in the process of European integration. In the absence of the political actors' awareness of the demographic crisis in the Republic of Moldova, the negative demographic forecasts for the coming years will be difficult to alleviate. To this end, to take the necessary actions and measures or to promote policies to stop this phenomenon, the negative effects identified in the emigration can be corrected and resolved. Keywords: demographic indicators, the Republic of Moldova, migration and European integration

scholarly journals Historiography and empirical base of ethnodemographic studies of Ukrainians in the Republic of Moldova at the end of the XX – beginning of the XXI century

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Victor Kozhukhar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Current Accounting ◽  
Demographic Study ◽  
Research Population ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
The Republic

The article presents studies on demography in the Republic of Moldova in the late XX – early XXI century. It is noted that after 1991 the close attention of researchers, journalists, public organizations is focused on the problems of demography. The authors trace the dynamics of demographic processes in Moldova, determine the causes and possible consequences of negative processes, offer solutions to improve the situation. Conventionally, we can divide all publications into three categories: 1) works that consider the demographic situation and its dynamics in the country as a whole; 2) work on migration issues; 3) works on ethnodemography, i.e. dedicated to demographic processes in the environment of ethnic communities. However, there are not many special ethno-demographic studies on Ukrainians in Moldova. The article also discusses the main sources for ethnodemographic research: population censuses, current accounting of demographic events, special sample surveys, lists and registers of the population. An analysis of each group of sources is given from the point of view of their informativeness for a full-fledged ethno-demographic study of Ukrainians in Moldova

scholarly journals Dry periods impact on the surface water quality

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gheorghe Duca ◽  
Hong Xiao ◽  
Maria Nedealcov ◽  
Violeta Ivanov ◽  
Anatol Tarita
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
The Republic

Abstract Current changes of the environment represent the major threats to the sustainable development and are one of the biggest problems, with negative consequences on the national economy. The accelerated pace of these changes is shareholder and by the manifestation of extreme events, which in recent years become more intense and frequent. The drought events frequent manifestation over the Republic of Moldova territory, in the context of climate change, requires a scientific monitoring adjusted. The dry period’s manifestation is greatly conditioned by increasing daytime temperatures (above 25°C) and the lower relative humidity (below 30%). At present, on the background of climate change, there is an increase of dry days. Over the Republic of Moldova territory, their occurrence during growth and development of crops particularly damaging role in obtaining low yields. Meanwhile, prolonged dry periods, may possibly cause fires, at the same time can determine lands’ irrigation and surface water quality. In this context, there is a need to estimate the evaporation’s spatial and temporal variability, the number of dry days and their correlation to Dry Periods Index (Izu), the index developed at regional level.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF ECONOMIC-FINANCIAL EXPERTISE IN THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (6(18)) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Gheorghe Avornic ◽  
Cristina Copaceanu
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Economic Stress ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Financial Expertise ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
The Republic

Any economic stress in itself carries a particular risk, since it creates problems in different areas, influencing individual incomes/expenditures, as well as incomes/ expenditures in the healthcare sector. The imbalance in the healthcare system can be understood as an unexpected phenomenon that occurs outside of the healthcare system but leads to negative consequences of access to resources in the healthcare system; in terms of access to medical services. The healthcare system in the Republic of Moldova is perceived as unproductive, which diminishes its prioritization. Therefore, the healthcare system is poorly funded, with few efficient regulations, which made it extremely sensitive during times of crisis, being unpredictable for new challenges. The authors consider that a method of anticipating the crisis in the healthcare system could be the application of economic and financial expertise.

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