scholarly journals International Real Estate Review

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-156
Author(s):  
Raymond J. Struyk ◽  
◽  
Nilesh Patel ◽  

The incidence of taking a mortgage loan from a commercial bank or cooperative for home purchase is sharply lower in developing than industrialized countries. Indeed, the common approach for achieving good quality housing is for a family to construct and improve a dwelling over a number of years. At the same time, it may be possible for formal lenders to expand the volume of mortgage lending by marketing mortgage loans better tailored to those more prone to seek them. This analysis is based on a representative survey of households intending to purchase a dwelling in the next three years with a final sample size of 1,281 conducted in 2008 in Indonesia’s seven largest metropolitan areas. We find that those more likely to seek such loans are families who already have an established relationship with a bank or cooperative, professionals and those with higher permanent incomes, and those with greater knowledge of mortgage loans. These factors all contain important ideas to assist lenders in targeting mortgage lending marketing campaigns.

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grażyna A. Olszewska

The aim of the study was to answer the question whether and to what extent foreign currency loans may pose a threat to the stability of the banking system in Poland. The reason for exploring this problem is the situation in which Swiss franc mortgage loan parties found themselves. The problem concerned not only Poland, but also appeared in Hungary, Spain and Ukraine. The aforementioned countries have adopted various strategies in order to solve this issue. Currently, there is a discussion in Poland over the form of solution to the situation in which the Swiss franc debtors have found themselves. This article presents the following hypotheses: (1) The credit policy of banks, which includes mortgage lending in Swiss francs, was a typical action in terms of risk management which in this case was two-way in nature. In addition, banks did not have the opportunity to significantly impose its policies on customers, as evidenced by the degree of market development and market competition. (2) Conversion of mortgage loans according to the CHF historic exchange rate can affect the stability of the banking system. The article presents the main types and sources of bank risks with particular emphasis on credit risk and foreign exchange risk. In addition, the paper shows the importance of this kind of risk in the context of the systemic stability of the banking sector in a situation of exchange rate stability disturbances. Verification of the research hypothesis was based on literature studies and analysis of statistical data.


This article reveals the concept of "mortgage lending", defines the subject of mortgage lending, determines the percentage of buyers from the total population in the region who bought a mortgage loan in Ukraine and analyzes items related to the concept of mortgage.The work studies the factors that affect the demand for mortgage bank lending in Ukraine. Uneven demand for mortgages in different regions of Ukraine has been revealed. Among the reasons for the decline in mortgage lending, the level of per capita income in the regions of Ukraine was analyzed, the migration of the population was studied, and the cost of one square meter of housing in the regions of Ukraine was determined. The dynamics of the change in the exchange rate of the US dollar against the hryvnia was also analyzed. The US dollar in 2010-2020 was not stable, which became a huge lever in the development of mortgage lending. Graphically shows the change in inflation indices for 2017-2020 in percent. This article examines the dynamics of mortgage loans over the past 10 years and their share in the total loan portfolios of households. Due to this, it is determined that in Ukraine mortgage loans make up only a small share of all loans in general. The concept of "fraud" is also analyzed and its types are defined, in particular those related to mortgage bank lending. Examples of the most high-profile mortgage lending scams in Ukraine are given, such as the Elite Center, Wojciechowski's new buildings, Villa Sofia Residential Complex, and Kotsyubynsky Residential Complex. The most common mortgage fraud schemes are highlighted. Scams have been analyzed in terms of the subjects of fraudulent schemes. Based on the study, the main measures to avoid negative consequences from various parties to the loan agreement were identified.


Author(s):  
Ekaterina Vladimirovna Sokolova ◽  
Tatyana Vladimirovna Kotova ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Chernikina

The article highlights the problem of digital transformation of the insurance sector, which can facilitate the effective interaction of all participants, increase information transparency and improve the quality of analytical data, optimize the business processes of insurers, and involve a wider range of insurance services in the online environment. To simplify the work with customer data in the processes of automated data collection, analysis and storage, it is necessary to create a single database. Such a base can be an insurance history bureau. The development strategy of the insurance industry of the Russian Federation for 2019-2021 provides for the creation and use of insurance histories for various types of insurance by analogy with credit histories. Given that in recent years, along with traditional types of lending, mortgage lending has developed, it is proposed to create a mortgage insurance history bureau. Based on the data on issued and prematurely repaid mortgage loans for 2012-2018, the volumes of this information bureau were determined and a forecast was made for 2019-2023 on the number of existing mortgage loans. A business model for the creation and functioning of a mortgage insurance history bureau is proposed, and a cost-effectiveness calculation is made, confirming the feasibility of this proposal. The process of creating and operating a mortgage insurance history bureau is illustrated, which includes two stages: a preparatory stage for development of a regulatory document of the Central Bank establishing an access procedure and a list of information provided by insurers, amendments and additions to the relevant federal law, software development and definition of a bureau administrator insurance histories; an operation stage for the transfer of the client's dossier with the main parameters of the loan to the credit history bureau after acquiring a mortgage, transfer of the insurance company information about the concluded insurance contract for insurance bureau, storing information during the term of the loan, and five years after his retirement.


Author(s):  
Sergey Ovanesyan ◽  
Irina Starostacheva

The article covers the consideration of the issues of analysis and development of mathematical models to improve the efficiency of the mortgage lending system. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the current mechanisms of mortgage lending in Russia do not correspond to global trends: by interest rates level; in terms of the volume of loans issued and other conditions. However, it is one of the main tools that allows to improve the population’s living conditions and, as a result, to release the socio-economic tension caused by this factor, as well as to attract additional input in the investment and construction sector, which in modern conditions is one of the most important problems. As a result of the research carried out, the article offers a mathematical model for calculating the parameters of the bank and the borrower, in order to form the most acceptable conditions for the loan. In the mathematical model, such parameters of the borrower and the lender as the price of the apartment, the percentage of the down payment from its price, the mortgage loan rate, the total debt and the loan term, as well as the share of the borrower's income allocated to monthly payments are interconnected. This model will allow the bank to determine the most suitable loan conditions regarding the payment amount, term, and available credit limit, and the borrower to calculate the parameters of the loan in order to make an informed decision on attracting it. All this, in the end, will allow banks to reduce the level of risk on issued mortgage loans, and the borrower — confidence in the ability to pay off the mortgage loan.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
Yu. A. DVORETSKAYA ◽  
◽  
K. S. MAKHNOVSKAYA ◽  

In connection with the transition to market principles for solving the issues of housing provision, one of the significant problems of the socio-economic development of Russia has become the multiple gap between the size of current monetary receipts of citizens and the high cost of residential real estate. This article examines the features of the mortgage lending market in Russia, the problems and prospects of its development, provides and analyzes the statistics of mortgage loans.


Author(s):  
A.V. Velegurov ◽  
◽  
V.S. Istomin ◽  

The article examines the problem of fertility in Russia, the impact of mortgage lending on it, as well as methods of influence to stabilize the birth rate


Author(s):  
V. A. Mozharova ◽  
◽  
T. M. Lavrik ◽  

Bankruptcy refers to the procedure for declaring an individual or legal entity financially insolvent. To launch this procedure, it is necessary to fulfill clearly regulated conditions concerning the volume of debt obligations, the duration of their default and the insufficiency of assets for the full repayment of creditors' claims. The analysis of the grounds for starting the bankruptcy procedure associated with the mortgage lending procedure is presented.


Author(s):  
Anis Muhtarom

This study discusses about how the implementation of the murabahah bil wakalah contract theory on mortgage products in the Bank Syariah Mandiri KC Bojonegoro is seen from the perspective of Sharia Economic Law. The scope of this research is limited to the following issues: (1) How is the implementation of the murabahah contract on mortgage loans in Bank Syariah Mandiri KC Bojonegoro? (2) How is the implementation of the murabahah contract on mortgage loan products in the Bojonegoro KC Mandiri Syariah Bank according to the Sharia Economic Law? This research includes the type of field research. Because this research was conducted at Bank Syariah Mandiri KC Bojonegoro. This research is a qualitative descriptive study because in this study the author will focus the discussion on legal facts in the form of the implementation of financing between banks and customers with murabahah contracts which will then be continued with a comparative analysis of the legal facts referred to as sharia economic law theories. This is intended to test the compatibility between legal theory and the legal practice in question.The results of this research include: (1) The mechanism that must be taken to be able to receive financing for Public Housing Loans from Bank Syariah Mandiri KC Bojonegoro, is carried out through predetermined stages including: (a) submission; (b) BI checking / IDeb (debtor information); (c) the implementation of collateral estimates; (d) determination of ceilings; (e) Imputing data into a computer system; (f) approval of the official for mortgage loans; (g) Issuance of SP3 (Letter of Notification of Financing Approval); (h) Implementation of the contract which is attended by prospective customers, banks and notaries; (i) Disbursement. As for the agreements made between prospective customers and banks, there are elements as follows: (a) Contracting parties; (b) Sighat or iqab qabul akad murabahah; (c) Contract object. The object of the contract referred to in the housing loan product is a new or used house; (d) Nature of contract. Agreements are made clearly, both concerning objects, ceilings, time periods, contract places, financing nominal, margin obtained by the bank, and principal installments. In the event of default or bad credit where the customer is late in paying the installments, the bank's contribution will take the following steps: (a) Intensive billing; (b) Provision of Warning Letters 1, 2 and 3; (c) A restructuring offer (if the customer is pleased), ie installments are adjusted to the customer's ability and large at the end; (d) Voluntary guarantee selling offers; (e) Guaranteed auction. In a condition where the customer is not willing to carry out a contract restructuring, the bank offers that the auction of assets is a guarantee of the akah murabahah. As for the auction, the bank cooperates with a secret auction agency. (2) The implementation of housing loan financing with a murabahah contract in Bank Syariah Mandiri KC Bojonegoro is not in accordance with Sharia Economic Law originating from Law Number 21 of 2008 concerning Islamic Banking, MA Regulation Number 2 of 2008 concerning Compilation of Sharia Economic Law and DSN-MUI fatwa Number 4 of 2000 concerning Murabahah. Keywords: Contract, Murabahah bil Wakalah, KPR, BSM, Sharia Economic Law. 


2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-296
Author(s):  
Eduard J. Alvarez-Palau ◽  
Jordi Martí-Henneberg

Transport infrastructure played a key role in redefining Finland’s economic geography. An empirical investigation involving new gis databases that combine data about railways, population, and administrative boundaries at the municipal level between 1870 and 2000 permits the identification of three main phases of railway expansion: The first phase was a concentration of railways around Helsinki; the second, the construction of a grid-based national railway network, which coincided with a spread of the population into rural areas; and the third, an expansion of the railway into local networks when Finland’s industry began to coalesce around metropolitan areas.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Seheryeli Yılmaz ◽  
Osman Sabuncuoglu

Family building (FB) is a building where residents of different flats are close relatives. Being quite common in metropolitan areas, these unique psychosocial environments remain underexamined. We aimed to research into the interactions within the family and psychosocial features of FBs. One hundred and one children living in FBs and FB-experiences of their parents were assessed by semi-structured interviews using K-SADS-PL. Mothers scored their satisfaction from FB-lifestyle in the scale of 0-100. The sample consisted of 35 girls and 66 boys. Mean age was 108±37.4 months. ADHD and anxiety disorders were the common diagnoses. Eighty-two families lived with paternal relatives. Number of relative-neighbors in the building changed between 2-10. Forty-one mothers scored ?50 for their satisfaction; 58% believed FBs affected their children's symptoms negatively. Examining the perceived advantages and disadvantages of FBs, ‘extreme criticism' and ‘social support' were the decisive items to predict mothers' satisfaction levels. Having both positive and negative effects, FB-lifestyle seem to complicate interpersonal relations within the family. This study has revealed some preliminary findings, but further studies are required in the field.


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