scholarly journals The Effects of Different Exercise Intensities and Modalities on Cortisol Production in Healthy Individuals: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Torres ◽  
Panagiotis Koutakis ◽  
Jeffrey Forsse
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Muscle Catabolism ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Significant Health ◽  
Intensity Training

Cortisol is a hormone that is secreted in response to physiological stress. Exercise contributes significantly to changes in circulating cortisol concentrations. With exercise, there is increased activation of the sympathetic system to stimulate the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone, which releases cortisol into the blood. Current research has predominately studied the effects that aerobic exercise and resistance training have on cortisol production. Prolonged aerobic exercise, especially at higher intensities, significantly elevates cortisol concentrations when compared to similar duration and intensities of resistance exercise. Age, gender, physical fitness level, exercise intensity, training status, and modality are all variables that influence the production of cortisol. Elevated cortisol concentrations are highly indicative of muscle catabolism, increasing the loss of lean muscle tissue. This is a significant health concern for the growing elderly population. The rate of cortisol production changes as an individual ages and has been observed to have differing responses to exercise intensities in males and females. Cortisol production is correlated with exercise intensity and duration but does not increase the same across all exercise intensities. Higher exercise intensities and duration appear to be the main contributing factors that influence the production of cortisol, increasing the potential for muscle catabolism and muscle loss.

scholarly journals Efficacy and Safety of Different Aerobic Exercise Intensities in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: Design of a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial (HF-EI Trial)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Shen ◽  
Xiaoling Liu ◽  
Bo Zhuang ◽  
Qian Luo ◽  
Yishan Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽  
Clinical Events ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
Intensity Training

Background: Heart failure (HF) is one of the major causes of mortality worldwide, representing the terminal stage of several cardiovascular diseases. Exercise-based rehabilitation is a beneficial therapy for patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). However, there is a lack of specific guidance on clinical decision-making regarding optimal exercise intensity. It is necessary to optimize the clinical recommendations for HF exercises. We will evaluate the efficacy and safety of different aerobic exercise intensities in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF): the HF-EI trial. This trial aims to assess the appropriate exercise intensity for patients with HFrEF.Methods: After a baseline assessment to determine the safety of exercise, 180 patients will be randomly assigned to supervised high-intensity exercise training (ET) group, supervised moderate intensity training (MIT) group, and control group at a ratio of 1:1:1. Patients randomly receiving high intensity training (HIT) undergo supervised ET (3 times/week, 30 min) for aerobic endurance at 70% peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2) intensity for 12 weeks. The MIT patients will perform supervised aerobic ET (3 times/week, 35–42 min) at the anaerobic threshold (AT) intensity for 12 weeks. The control group will continue to maintain their daily activities and will not receive ET. During the baseline and follow-up period, physical examination, laboratory tests, cardiology diagnostic tests, cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPET), 6-min walk distance (6MWD), scale scores, exercise steps, medications, and clinical events will be monitored. Throughout the research, sport bracelets and patient diaries will be used to monitor and record overall physical activity, training courses, and compliance.Discussion: The HF-EI trial will evaluate the effects of different aerobic exercise intensities on peak VO2, quality of life (QoL), and clinical events among patients with HFrEF. The findings of this trial will provide a basis for formulating exercise prescriptions for patients with HFrEF.Clinical Trial Registration:http://www.chictr.org.cn/, identifier: ChiCTR2000036381.

Differences in Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among Three Racial Groups

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-178
Author(s):  
Brooke A. Ammerman ◽  
Martha K. Fahlgren ◽  
Kristen M. Sorgi ◽  
Michael S. McCloskey
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors

Abstract. Background: Despite being a major public health concern, it is unclear how suicidal thoughts and behaviors differentially impact separate racial groups. Aims: The aim of the current study was to examine the occurrence of nonlethal suicide events, in addition to suicide attempt characteristics and factors contributing to suicide attempts. Method: A final sample of 7,094 undergraduates from a large northeastern university, identifying as members of three racial groups (White [67.30%], Black [17.30%], and Asian [15.40%]), completed online questionnaires. Results: White participants reported increased likelihood of endorsing lifetime suicidal ideation and plan, whereas Black participants reported decreased likelihood of these events; no differences were found in rates of lifetime suicide attempts. Black participants' suicidal behavior may involve greater ambivalence of intent. A higher proportion of Asian participants endorsed interpersonal factors as contributing to their suicide attempts, whereas a greater percentage of White participants reported internal contributing factors. Limitations: Findings are limited by the sample size and assessment of lifetime suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Conclusion: The findings present a more nuanced look at attitudes and actions related to suicidal thoughts and behaviors that may inform future research and risk assessment procedures.

Exercise intensity, training, diet, and lactate concentration in muscle and blood

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIP D. GOLLNICK ◽  
WARWICK M. BAYLY ◽  
DAVID R. HODGSON
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Intensity Training

scholarly journals Evaluation of African American Adolescent Health Status With Gender Comparison

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy L. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Health Status ◽  
African American Adolescents ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
African American Adolescent ◽  
Healthy People 2010

The goals of Healthy People 2010 are to increase the quality of life and life expectancy, and eliminate health disparities. There is no clear picture, however, if these goals are being addressed by African American adolescents. This study was conducted to evaluate health status of African American adolescents aged 13-19 in Florida’s Big Bend Region. Healthy People 2010 objectives were consulted for the evaluation. Responses from a convenience sample of 35 participants (63% female, 34% male) who completed a survey comprised of questions based on Likert scale are summarized here. The results show that the African American adolescents are engaging in some physical activity; however, only about half of them reported maintaining a healthy body weight. The majority of the adolescents reported avoiding smoking, but fewer adolescents reported avoiding drinking alcohol. Only a small percentage of the adolescents reported that their friends carried a gun or knife to school within the last 30 days; the percentage increased when the adolescents were asked if their friends got into a fist fight within the last 30 days. The adolescents sampled in this study have only achieved the Healthy People 2010 objectives in one of the health concern areas examined herein. It is also important to note that there are substantial gender-based disparities. In order to meet all Healthy People 2010 objectives, health education and promotion must be increased. Future research should explore different aspects of health status of adolescents in general, and further examine gender disparities and contributing factors.

scholarly journals A fuzzy control system for fitness service based on genetic algorithm during COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 8805-8812
Author(s):  
Zhihui He ◽  
Xiaofeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Control System ◽  
Fuzzy Control ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Fuzzy Membership Function ◽  
Fuzzy Control System ◽  
Intensity Control ◽  
Epidemic Period

During the COVID-19 epidemic period, it is essential to strengthen physical exercise and improve the health of the whole people. In this paper, based on genetic algorithm, a fuzzy control system is proposed to dynamically adjust the exercise ability of the bodybuilders under the comprehensive consideration of parameters. Through experiments and data processing, the system obtains bioelectric information related to heart rate, heart rate variability and muscle fatigue of the fitness people in the three states of not fatigue, moderate fatigue and extreme fatigue, establishes fuzzy membership function, and thus establishes personalized fitness information feedback control strategy to maintain moderate fitness intensity. By narrowing the gap between the predicted RPE value based on objective information and the measured RPE, the method provides a unified subjective and objective exercise intensity for the bodybuilders, effectively expands the time of aerobic exercise, and enhances the effect of aerobic exercise. In addition, in order to expand the scope of application of the exercise intensity control model, the service-oriented transformation is carried out to enable it to provide fitness content combinations of interest to fitness practitioners and instructors.

Physiological stress of basketball referees during a national competition

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramiro Marques Inchauspe ◽  
Pablo Morales Barbian ◽  
Gregório Aguiar Lélis ◽  
Flávia Renata de Almeida ◽  
Alejandro Vaquera
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Relative Intensity ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Relative Exercise Intensity ◽  
National Competition ◽  
Physiological Demands ◽  
Playing Time

abstract The aim of this study was to examine the physiological demands of seven referees during a national basketball competition. We recorded heart rate (HR), relative exercise intensity as a percentage of age – predicted maximum HR (HRmax), proportion of playing time within the exercise intensity categories defined by the ACSM during each of the tournament matches for each referee per period, as well as the entire game. None of the variables shows significant differences between periods. Based on a format of three referees per match, referees worked with an average HR of 150 bpm (range 110-181 bpm) for each quarter of the match, which equals a relative intensity> 70% of HRmax for most (∼76%) of each quarter. Other studies will assist in developing appropriate training programs for elite basketball referees to maintain and / or maximize performance.

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