Misvaluation: On the Bulgarian Verbs подценявам ‘Underestimate’ and надценявам ‘Overestimate’, their Semantic Structure and Translation into Russian

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 620-626
Author(s):  
Elena Ivanova ◽  
◽  
Alexandra Eremchenko
Keyword(s):  
Target Language ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Semantic Typology ◽  
National Corpus

The article examines the semantic structure of the two Bulgarian verbs of misvaluation, подценявам ‘underestimate’ and надценявам ‘overestimate’. Attention is drawn to the ambivalence of their position in the semantic typology of predicates, notably their features/traits stemming from the presence of an interpretive component. With reference to the Bulgarian National Corpus, the article outlines the most common options for filling the positions of the participants and the main contexts in which the verbs occur. Some issues in translation into Russian are shown, which exist despite the availability of full equivalents in the target language.

scholarly journals Semantic Modulation of the English Verbs of Leaving in Terms of the Space of Sets (On the Example of the Verbs Leave, Depart)

2020 ◽  
pp. 323-330
Author(s):  
A.S. Dautova
Keyword(s):  
American English ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Semantic Group ◽  
Surrounding World ◽  
Research Hypothesis ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
National Corpus ◽  
Linguistic Reality

The article presents the experience of studying the semantic structure of the English verbs with the meaning of leaving. The author focuses on the problem of modulating the meaning of the English verbs “leave”, “depart” and their transition into another lexical and semantic group. The urgency of the study lies in addressing the category of space as one of the basic linguistic forms of conceptualization and interpretation of extra-linguistic reality, which man operates in the process of cognition, interpretation of the surrounding world. The problem of research is solved by describing the modulation of meaning in terms of the concept of space of sets, as one of the factors contributing to the change of meaning. The verification of the research hypothesis is based on the analysis of lexicographical data sources of the British National Corpus and the Corpus of Modern American English.

scholarly journals Corpus-based methods in stylistic studies: reshitel’nyi/reshitel’no in Fedor Dostoevskii’s individual style

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 400-416
Author(s):  
Ekaterina V. Sharapova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Lexical Item ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Writing Style ◽  
Lexical Function ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Individual Style ◽  
National Corpus

The article discusses the idiolectic features of the adjective reshitel’nyi and the adverb reshitel’no in Fedor Dostoevskii’s writing style. Conceived as one lexical item, reshitel’nyi and reshitel’no have a semantic structure that includes three blocks of meanings: quality/mode of action; discursive meaning; intensity (corresponding to the lexical function Magn). The dictionary definitions suggest that all of them were common to reshitel’nyi/reshitel’no in Russian language of the 19th century. Ноwever, a corpus-based study shows that reshitel’nyi/reshitel’no in discursive or intensifying use is one of Dostoevskii’s idiolectic patterns. The study comprises 1219 contexts from Dostoevskii’s five great novels and from Leo Tolstoy’s, Mikhail Saltykov Shchedrin’s, Ivan Turgenev’s and Ivan Goncharov’s literary texts accessible in the Russian National Corpus. The analysis reveals the closeness of intensification tо discursive meanings up to nondistinction. Almost half of the contexts extracted from Dostoevsky’s texts are discursive or intensifying uses of reshitel’nyi/reshitel’no. This share is much smaller for the texts of other authors (12%, 22%, 15% and 14% respectively). The article considers some types of contexts and constructions that refer to discursive or intensifying uses of reshitel’nyi/reshitel’no in Dostoesvskii’s literary texts.

Approaching secondary term formation through the analysis of multiword units

Terminology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Sanz Vicente
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Strong Preference ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Dominant Language ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
Multiword Units ◽  
Noun Compounds

Secondary term formation is a process of undeniable importance in modern specialised communication due to the dominance of English. However, empirical works and methodologies to approach this issue on specialised neology are scarce. This paper describes a contrastive study that proposes to tackle secondary term formation by addressing the most productive units in term formation in the dominant language, syntagmatic noun compounds. It describes and compares these multiword units in an English-Spanish comparable corpus containing research papers in the field of remote sensing. The compounds originating in the language of primary term formation are analysed first and then compared to the resulting units in the target language, with special attention paid to their morphosyntactic and semantic structure. Finally, the influence of English in the Spanish equivalents is assessed through the identification of the transferring procedures used to import them. The results show a strong preference for loan translations in this process.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Mother Tongue on the Use of Metaphor in English as a Second Language

10.29007/3mn2 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksandra Iaroslavtseva ◽  
Hanna Skorczynska
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
The Other ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
Central Tool ◽  
National Corpus

Metaphor has been widely recognized as a central tool of our cognitive apparatus, motivating the widespread use of metaphorical words and expressions in language and discourse. Therefore, it is important for language learners to use metaphors in the target language appropriately. The influence of the mother tongue on the use of metaphors in essays written by Spanish learners of English was analysed. Three corpora were used for this study: the experimental corpus contained 100 essays of Spanish-speaking learners of English, 50 with B2 level and 50 with C1 level (CEFR). The other two corpora were used as reference corpora: the British National Corpus (BNC) and the Corpus de Referencia del Español Actual (CREA). MIPVU method (Steen et al., 2010) was used to identify metaphors in the experimental corpus. The quantitative analysis showed that the influence of Spanish on errors in metaphors is higher at B2 level than at C1 level. The results of the analysis are especially helpful for learners and teachers of English as a Foreign Language as well as for testing researchers.

Etymology and sememe analysis in translation

Babel ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-164
Author(s):  
Hu Zhengmao
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
English Word ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Semantic Proximity ◽  
Semantic Evolution ◽  
Dictionary Definitions

It is common to see various Chinese translations of a single English word/phrase in practice. Etymological tracing attempts to diachronically study the origin and its historical successive changes in both form and meaning of a given word/phrase, the purpose of which is acquisition of a comprehensive understanding of its core information. Sememe analysis is atomization of semantic components and deep semantic structure of both source language and target language to examine the semantic proximity and possible affinity between the two. This paper takes “stakeholder” and its Chinese translations as a case in point, for which there occurred a diplomatic and linguistic stir between the U. S. and China. By studying its origin, semantic evolution and dictionary definitions, and conducting a contrastive sememe analysis upon its various Chinese versions against the original word, this paper expounds the operationality of the qualitative method of etymological tracing and the quantitative one of sememe analysis and concludes that both etymological tracing and sememe analysis are viable approaches to tackling similar issues as seen in the case of “stakeholder”.

scholarly journals Chope dos Mortos – a tradução de jogos de palavras em um estudo direcionado pelo corpus / Beer Hall of the Dead – the translation of puns in a corpus-driven study

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-42
Author(s):  
Nilson Roberto Barros da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
English Language ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Formal Structure ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Beer Hall

RESUMO: Este trabalho discute a tradução de jogos de palavras (JPs) na direção português-inglês, mais especificamente o JP intitulado ‘Chope dos Mortos’, que faz parte do romance O xangô de Baker Street (SOARES, 1995). O artigo é o recorte de nossa tese de doutorado, e tem como objetivo analisar a tradução do JP citado para a língua inglesa. Utiliza-se da abordagem teórico-metodológica da Linguística de Corpus para selecionar o JP como dado a ser analisado na pesquisa e identifica-se como um estudo direcionado pelo corpus, conforme discutido por Tognini-Bonelli (2001). A análise baseia-se principalmente nas estratégias de tradução de JPs apresentadas por Delabastita (1996) e considera, dentre outras, as postulações de Raskin (1985) e Attardo (1994). Como resultado, verifica-se que as estratégias de tradução usadas para recriar (traduzir) o JP em inglês são compatíveis com a estratégia JP → JP, em que um JP é traduzido por outro na língua-alvo, sendo permitidas diferenças em termos de estrutura formal, estrutura semântica ou função textual.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: tradução; jogos de palavras; Linguística de Corpus. ABSTRACT: This study discusses the translation of puns in the Portuguese-English direction, more specifically the pun 'Beer hall of the dead', which is part of the novel O xangô de Baker Street (SOARES, 1995), translated into English as 'A samba for Sherlock'. The article derives from our doctoral thesis, and aims to analyze the translation of the pun into the English language. It uses the theoretical-methodological approach of Corpus Linguistics to select puns as data to be analyzed and is characterized as a 'corpus-driven approach' as discussed by Tognini-Bonelli (2001). The analysis is based mainly on the strategies of pun translation presented by Delabastita (1996) and takes into account theoretical conceptions of Raskin (1985) and Attardo (1994). As a result, it verifies that the translation strategies used to recreate the pun in English are compatible with the PUN → PUN strategy, in which a pun is translated by another one in the target language, being allowed differences in terms of formal structure, semantic structure, or textual function.KEYWORDS: translation; puns; Corpus Linguistics.

scholarly journals Comparison as a Method for Explication of the Semantic Structure of Concepts (Taking the Image of a Child as an Example)

2021 ◽  
Vol 163 (4–5) ◽  
pp. 97-108
Author(s):  
S.K. Alfalke ◽  
◽  
N.A. Iliukhina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Entire Volume ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Comparative Constructions ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus

The functioning of the image of a child/children in Russian comparative constructions is analyzed as a means of figurative description of adults by analogy with children. Particular attention is paid to the embodiment of this image in the structure of the following constructions: kak rebenok ‘like a child’, kak deti ‘like children’, rebyacheskii ‘childish’, rebyacheski ‘in a puerile way’, (po-)detski ‘childlike’, kak mal’chik ‘like a boy’, kak mal’chishka ‘like a little boy’, mal’chisheskii ‘boyish’, (po-)mal’chisheski ‘mischievously’, kak devochka ‘like a girl’, kak devchonka ‘like a little girl’, devchonochii ‘girly’, (po-)devchonoch’i ‘girlishly’. The capacity of the above-listed comparative constructions in the explication of the semantic structure of the analyzed concept when it is used as a means of figurative description is considered using the materials of the National Corpus of the Russian Language. Based on the results obtained, conclusions are drawn about a wide range of semantic variations of the image of a child in the Russian speech, as well as about the universal capacity of the comparative constructions under study in the embodiment of the semantic structure of the concept in its entire volume. All the comparative constructions are based on the following four aspects of the concept structure: features of children’s appearance, psychological and intellectual qualities of children, features of their behavior, and their role in interaction with adults. The study is of relevance and crucial importance for further research on possible embodiment of the semantic structure of the concept by means of metaphor and comparison.

The Lexical Transfer of Arabic Non-core Lexicon: Sura 113 of the Qur'an – al-Falaq (The Splitting)1

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afnan H. Fatani
Keyword(s):  
Target Language ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Arabic Linguistics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Semantic Errors ◽  
Core Lexicon ◽  
Linguistic Approach ◽  
Lexical Transfer ◽  
Theories Of Meaning

This paper is an attempt to stimulate a more scientific and linguistic approach to Qur'an-translation than has hitherto been undertaken. Various theories of meaning widely employed in semantics are mobilised to illustrate the referential versatility of Arabic non-core lexemes and to highlight the semantic errors of transfer that this versatility generates. Recent advances in the field of descriptive semantics have greatly enhanced our interlingual ability to translate texts, especially the more difficult texts that rely heavily on ‘non-core lexicon’, the formal, learned and less familiar lexemes of a language-system. However, it is clear from a reading of recent research in Arabic linguistics that serious problems still remain for researchers interested in transferring the non-core lexicon of Arabic into English, basically because of the wide range of referential meanings that Arabic non-core lexemes can exhibit. My approach is based on the premise that the referential versatility of Arabic non-core lexicon can be better appreciated when the hidden errors of lexical transfer inscribed in existing target language (TL) texts are exposed and clearly explicated. In order to expose the semantic gaps between source language (SL) and TL lexicon, this study adopts a multi-level or glossed procedure of translation that would more faithfully reproduce the morpho-semantic structure of the SL text.

scholarly journals PRZYIMKI W WYROKACH UNIJNYCH I KRAJOWYCH – ANALIZA KORPUSOWA DYSTRYBUCJI I FUNKCJI PRZYIMKÓW PROSTYCH, ZŁOŻONYCH I WTÓRNYCH

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 89-119
Author(s):  
Dariusz KOŹBIAŁ
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
National Court ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Simple Complex ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu ◽  
National Corpus

The article aims to examine the distribution of simple, complex and secondary prepositions in EU judgments (based on a corpus of judgments of the Court of Justice and the General Court) and domestic judgments (based on a corpus of judgments of the Polish Supreme Court) against general Polish (based on a balanced version of the Polish National Corpus), and to analyze the functions of complex and secondary prepositions. The results confirmed the hypothesis that the high distribution of prepositions in judgments against a representative sample of general Polish is a generic feature of judgments. In addition, it was established that the phraseological profile of EU judgments differs from the profile of national judgments in terms of the distribution of prepositions and their specific functions. This may be the result of the impact of the translation process on target language texts and the scope of jurisdiction of the EU courts and the national court, both of which affect the subject matter of judgments.

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