Statistical Analysis of Growth and Amylase Production by Aspergillus flavus grown on Different Carbon Sources

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M O Oyewale
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
Optimum Growth ◽  
Amylase Production ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Cassava Peel

The mycelial dry weight and dinitrosalicylic acid (D.N.S.A.) method was used to determine growth and amylase production by Aspergillus flavus grown on different carbon sources. Growth of the fungus was determined at 24 h intervals over a period of six days by the dry mycelial weight methods, while the amylase activity in the culture filtrates of A. flavus was determined by the D.N.S.A method. A total of 45 samples were prepared to determine growth and amylase activity of Aspergillus flavus grown on different carbon sources. The concentration of the various carbon sources ranges between 0.4 to 2% W/V. Duncan’s multiple range test was used to determine the level of significance of the different carbon sources for effective growth and amylase production by Aspergillus flavus. Aspergillus flavus demonstrated the capability to produce significant growth and amylase activities in the medium containing soluble starch, sorghum and cassava peel as sole carbon source. The amount of mycelial dry weight produced from soluble starch, sorghum and cassava peel is significantly higher than those produced from other carbon sources. The data revealed that there is a correlation between growth and amylase production by Aspergillus flavus. The available data from this study showed that soluble starch is the best carbon source for optimum growth and amylase production by A flavus while sorghum and cassava peel are close substitute for optimum growth and amylase production by Aspergillus flavus. Keywords: Growth, amylase activity and Aspergillus flavus

scholarly journals High Amylase Production by a Novel Strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens M37 Isolated from Can Gio Mangrove Forest, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 4675-4685
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Shake Flask Culture ◽  
Amylase Production ◽  
Can Gio Mangrove

Amylases are one of the most important industrial enzymes and find applications in many areas such as textiles, chemicals, food, and pharmaceuticals. Most of the amylases are derived from microbes. The objective of the present study was to evaluate amylase production by a bacterium isolated from the Can Gio mangrove forest. The bacterium was identified as a species of genus Bacillus based on morphological and biochemical characteristics. The analysis of 16S rRNA sequences was then confirmed that this strain belonged to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens species (100% similarity). The effect of culture conditions such as temperature, pH, and carbon sources on amylase production through shake-flask culture was investigated. Maximum amylase activity of 904 IU/mL was obtained after 24 h of cultivation in LB medium containing 1% soluble starch at 35oC and pH 7.0. The highest enzyme activity of 1279 IU/mL was achieved in the bioreactor after 30 h of cultivation at optimum conditions. In addition, B. amyloliquefaciens M37 can grow on soybean meal medium. The high bacterial cell number of 456 × 109 CFU/g and amylase activity of 1039 IU/g were obtained after 36 h of cultivation. This newly isolated B. amyloliquefaciens M37 could be a potential producer for industrial amylase production and probiotics with commercial implications.

Use of Cassava Peel as Carbon Source for Production of Amylolytic Enzymes by Aspergillus niveus

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Marcio Silva ◽  
Ricardo Fernandes Alarcon ◽  
Andre Ricardo de Lima Damasio ◽  
Michele Michelin ◽  
Alexandre Maller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Amylolytic Enzymes ◽  
Agricultural Residue ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Aspergillus Niveus ◽  
Static Conditions ◽  
Cassava Peel

Aspergillus niveus produced high levels of ?-amylase and glucoamylase in submerged fermentation using the agricultural residue cassava peel as a carbon source. In static conditions, the amylase production was substantially greater than in the agitated condition. The optimized culture conditions were initially at pH 5.0, 35°C during 48 hours. Amylolytic activity was still improved (50%) with a mixture of cassava peel and soluble starch in the proportion 1:1 (w/w). The crude extract exhibited temperature and pH optima approximately 70°C and 4.5, respectively. Amylase activity was stable for 1 h at 60°C, and at pH values between 3.0 and 7.0. The enzyme hydrolysed preferentially maltose, starch, penetrose, amylose, isomaltose, maltotriose, glycogen and amylopectin, and not hydrolysed cyclodextrin (? and ß), trehalose and sucrose. In the first hour of reaction on soluble starch, the hydrolysis products were glucose and maltose, but after two hours of hydrolysis, glucose was the unique product formed, confirming the presence in the crude extract of an ?-amylase and a glucoamylase.

Relationship between carbon source and susceptibility of Cephalosporium acremonium to selected amino acid analogues

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 818-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Mehta ◽  
C. H. Nash
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
Cephalosporium Acremonium ◽  
Specific Amino Acid ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Amino Acid Analogues ◽  
Resistant Mutants

The susceptibility of Cephalosporium acremonium to selected amino acid analogues was markedly influenced by the carbon source used in the test media. Lysine hydroxamate, β-hydroxy norvaline, and hexafluorovaline were toxic when tested with ribose, ribose or fructose, and ribose or galactose, respectively. In contrast, thialysine and thiaisoleucine inhibited C. acremonium with glucose, fructose, galactose, sucrose, mannitol, sorbitol, and soluble starch. Neither of these analogues was toxic at levels tested when glycerol was used as a carbon source. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of thialysine, homoserine, and α-methylserine were > 1000, > 1000, and 250 μg/mL, respectively, with glycerol. In contrast, the MIC values for the same three analogues were 31, 62, and 125 μg/mL, respectively, with mannitol. The matching of the carbon sources with the specific amino acid analogues expands the number of analogues useful for selecting derepressed mutants. Thialysine-resistant mutants (tlysR) of C. acremonium which excrete lysine were isolated on a medium containing mannitol.

The assimilation of bicarbonate by Neocosmospora vasinfecta

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 389-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Budd
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
End Products ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Exogenous Nitrogen

The assimilation of 14C-bicarbonate under controlled conditions was examined in midlog-phase mycelium grown on dextrose as sole carbon source. Sustained assimilation depended on the presence of exogenous nitrogen and carbon sources. When these were provided, assimilation rates of 20–30 μmoles/hour per 100 mg dry weight were maintained for at least 4 hours. After the second hour, almost all of the assimilated bicarbonate-C entered the 80% ethanol-insoluble fraction. Amino acids, especially aspartic and glutamic, were the main destination of assimilated bicarbonate-C; nucleic acids and acids of the tricarboxylic acid cycle accounted for smaller amounts of this carbon. The apparent Km for overall assimilation was 1.4 – 2.2 × 10−4 M with respect to bicarbonate.Assimilation was inhibited by inhibitors of protein synthesis, especially actidione and p-fluorophenylalanine. Evidence was obtained for regulation of assimilation by its end products, and also by the carbon source on which the mycelium was grown. It is concluded that assimilation of bicarbonate or CO2 has an anaplerotic function during protein synthesis in this organism.

scholarly journals Factors responsible for production of amylases from Aspergillus fumigatus Fresenius

2013 ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munira Akhter ◽  
Md Towhid Hossain ◽  
MN Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
Culture Ph ◽  
Enzyme Substrate ◽  
Amylase Production ◽  
Initial Culture

Aspergillus fumigatus Fresenius showed maximum amylase production at 27°C with an initial culture pH of the medium 6.0 after 72 h. of incubation. One per cent soluble starch and 0.15% ammonium nitrate in the medium supported the highest amylase activity. During enzyme-substrate reaction maximum enzyme activity was observed at 50°C and pH 4.0 with 2% starch. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cujbs.v3i1.13402 The Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci.,Vol. 3(1&2):11-20, 2008

scholarly journals Inducers of Aflatoxin Biosynthesis from Colonized Maize Kernels Are Generated by an Amylase Activity from Aspergillus flavus

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Woloshuk ◽  
J. R. Cavaletto ◽  
T. E. Cleveland
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Starch Degradation ◽  
Aflatoxin Biosynthesis ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Gus Reporter ◽  
Maize Kernels

Aflatoxin biosynthesis was induced by compounds in filtrates (EF) obtained from cultures consisting of ground maize kernels colonized by Aspergillus flavus. The inducing activity increased to a maximum at 4 days of incubation and then decreased. Amylase activity was detected in the EF, suggesting that the inducers are products of starch degradation (glucose, maltose, and maltotriose). Analysis of the enzyme by isoelectric focusing electrophoresis indicated a single α-amylase with a pI of 4.3. No maltase or amyloglucosidase was detected in the EF. High-pressure liquid chromatography analysis of the EF indicated the presence of glucose, maltose, and maltotriose in near-equal molar concentrations (about 15 mM). With a β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter assay consisting of A. flavus transformed with an aflatoxin gene promoter-GUS reporter gene fusion to monitor induction of aflatoxin biosynthesis, the minimum concentration of glucose, maltose, or maltotriose that induced measurable GUS activity was determined to be 1 mM. These results support the hypothesis that the best inducers of aflatoxin biosynthesis are carbon sources readily metabolized via glycolysis. They also suggest that α-amylase produced by A. flavus has a role in the induction of aflatoxin biosynthesis in infected maize kernels.

Partial Purification of Amylase from the Culture Filtrates of Aspergillus flavus Grown on Cassava Peels

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M O Oyewale
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate Precipitation ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
Cassava Peels ◽  
Cassava Peel

Amylase from a Cassava peel culture of Aspergillus flavus was partially purified by Ammonium Sulphate precipitation as well as dialysis. The dialysed 60% (NH4)2 SO4 precipitated enzyme had an activity of 1.087 mg T.R.S released/ min/mg protein which was two folds of the activity of the crude culture filtrate. Hydrogen ion concentration as well as temperature had profound influence on enzyme activity of the partially purified enzyme while Amylase activity increased progressively as pH was increased from 3 to 7 reaching a maximum of 1.68 mg T.R.S released/min/mg/protein at PH 7.0. A rapid decrease in amylase activity was observed as pH was increased from 7 to 9 while the amylase activity increased with increase in temperature from 300C to 450C and reached a maximum of 1.15 mg T.R.S. released/min/mg/protein at 450C. Subsequent increase in temperature resulted into decrease in activity of the amylase enzyme.

The Influence of Different Carbon Sources for Polyhydroxyalkanoates Storage

2015 ◽  
Vol 1088 ◽  
pp. 587-590
Author(s):  
Yan Ping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sodium Propionate ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Pha Production

The influence of different carbon sources such as glucose, sodium acetate, sodium propionate and ethanol for polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) storage were studied in details. It was shown that both the cell content and composition of PHA synthesized by microorganisms in activated sludge were different when different carbon sources were used. PHB (polyhydroxybutyrate) was the main PHA if sodium acetate was used as carbon source, while PHV (polydroxyvalerate) become the main PHA when sodium propionate was used. Sodium acetate and sodium propionate as carbon source had higher PHA production, which reached to 40.89% and 40.96% sludge dry weight, respectively . When ethanol used as carbon source, PHA content was 25.69% sludge dry weight. The minimal PHA storage was 20.14% sludge dry weight when glucose was used.

scholarly journals Rapeseed Post-Frying Oil from Fish Fillets as a Carbon Source in Microbial Oil Synthesis

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Agata Fabiszewska ◽  
Katarzyna Wierzchowska ◽  
Agnieszka Górska ◽  
Bartłomiej Zieniuk
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Frying Oil ◽  
Microbial Oil ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
Fish Fillets ◽  
Single Cell Oils ◽  
Unconventional Method

Microbial oils, also called single-cell oils, are lipids synthesized by microorganisms exceeding 20% of the dry weight of the cell. The aim of this work was to investigate the possibility of applying a rapeseed post-frying oil from fish fillets as a carbon source in growth medium for Yarrowia lipolytica oleaginous yeast species in order to synthesize a microbial oil. The key contribution of this work is that the solution provides a sustainable method for valorization of post-frying waste oil. Shaken batch cultures were provided and the influence of triacylglyceride hydrolysis on yeast growth was evaluated. In conclusion, post-frying rapeseed oil seems to be an easily utilizable carbon source by yeast. Regardless of the method of lipid substrate pretreatment, the yeast strain preferentially accumulated oleic acid (C18: 1) from 52.07% to 66.62% and linoleic acid (C18: 2) from 12.98% to 24.10%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of using the oxygen nanobubbles as an unconventional method of aerating the culture medium containing lipid carbon sources. The use of water oxygenated with nano-sized bubbles to prepare culture media resulted in obtaining a higher yield of biomass compared to the biomass yield in distilled water-based medium.

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) production using wastewater as carbon source and activated sludge as microorganisms

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Yan ◽  
R.D. Tyagi ◽  
R.Y. Surampalli
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
High Concentration

Activated sludge from different full-scale wastewater treatment plants (municipal, pulp and paper industry, starch manufacturing and cheese manufacturing wastewaters) was used as a source of microorganisms to produce biodegradable plastics in shake flask experiments. Acetate, glucose and different wastewaters were used as carbon sources. Pulp and paper wastewater sludge was found to accumulate maximum concentration (43% of dry weight of suspended solids) of polyhydroxy alkanoates (PHA) with acetate as carbon source. Among the different wastewaters tested as a source of carbon, pulp and paper industry and starch industry wastewaters were found to be the best source of carbon while employing pulp and paper activated sludge for maximum accumulation of PHA. High concentration of volatile fatty acids in these wastewaters was the probable reason.

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