Evaluation of an improved Giemsa staining technique for blood borne parasite in thick and thin blood film from dogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 001-005
Author(s):  
Ibeh Nnanna Isaiah ◽  
Moses-Otutu Ifueko Mercy ◽  
Omorodion Nosa Terry
Keyword(s):  
Anhydrous Methanol ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Trypanosoma Evansi ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Giemsa Staining ◽  
Veterinary Clinic ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Thin Smear ◽  
Thick Smear

Many a times the use of rapid diagnostic tests for blood borne parasites like trypanosomiasis and Babesiosis is increasingly being used, but the gold standard for its detection is still the use of microscopy both as reference and confirmatory diagnosis. To determine the effectiveness of the adjusted stock giemsa staining technique over the conventional methods. Venous Blood samples were collected from 10 dogs in EDTA and then used for the simultaneous preparation of two thin and thick smear slides, one stained according to Giemsa 1:20 dilution for 30 mins while the other was stained using the Stock Solution for 30seconds the diluted with buffered saline for 20seconds and rinsed. Fixation of the thin smear was done in a covered staining jar containing anhydrous methanol for 1 to 2 min, after which the slides were air-dried. From the result obtained from 10 dogs blood samples gotten from the veterinary clinic, the adjusted giemsa staining technique showed a positive differentiation when compared to the 1:20 dilution, a total of 7 blood samples tested positive for blood borne parasites, Trypanosoma evansi, Babesiosis cani and Heart worm. The highest percentage occurrence was T.evansi (40%), Babesiosis cani(20%) and Heart worm (10%).The adjusted Giemsa staining technique serves as a fast, easy and less complex alternative to the 1:20 dilution, where the solution has to be diluted from the stock solution and then stained, although the only disadvantage to this technique would be easy contamination of the stock solution, but the advantages here is that it saves time, quicker result output and better differentiation microscopically.

scholarly journals Comparison of capillary, venous and buffy coat blood samples in detecting Plasmodium species among malaria suspected patients attending at Hamusite health center. A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Getu Abeje ◽  
Woyneshet Gelaye ◽  
Getaneh Alemu
Keyword(s):  
Health Center ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Samples

Abstract Background Both capillary and venous blood samples have been interchangeably used for the diagnosis of malaria in Ethiopia. However, Plasmodium parasites are thought to be more concentrated in capillary than in venous blood. Hence, selecting a sample source where parasites are more concentrated is indispensable approach in order to maximize the accuracy of blood film microscopy. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the detection rate and the parasitemia level of Plasmodium species from conventional capillary and venous blood films, and buffy coat preparations. Methods A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted from Feburary to March 2020 among 210 febrile patients attending Hamusite health center, northwest Ethiopia. Capillary and venous blood samples were collected and buffy coat was prepared from each sample. Thin and thick blood films were prepared, stained, and examined microscopically following standard protocol. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences Software version 20 and Med-Calc software version 19.3. Results Capillary blood buffy coat (61/210, 29.0%) had significantly higher detection rate as compared to capillary (48/210, 22.9%) and venous (42/210, 20.0%) blood films (p < 0.001). However, no significant difference was observed between capillary and venous blood films (p = 0.070) in detecting Plasmodium species. The highest and the lowest mean asexual stage parasite counts were found in capillary blood buffy coat (4692.88) and venous blood (631.43) films, respectively showing significant variations (p < 0.001). Mean gametocyte count was also highest in capillary blood buffy coat (3958.44). As compared to capillary blood buffy coat, the sensitivity of venous blood buffy coat, capillary blood film and venous blood film were 73.8, 78.7, 68.9%, respectively. Conclusion Capillary blood buffy coat samples showed the highest sensitivity in detecting and quantitating malaria parasites that its use should be promoted in clinical settings. However, conventional capillary and venous blood films could be used interchangeably.

Markers of Hemostatic Activation in Affected Coronary Arteries during Angioplasty

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (05) ◽  
pp. 672-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas W Shammas ◽  
Michael J Cunningham ◽  
Richard M Pomearntz ◽  
Charles W Francis
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Balloon Inflation ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Hemostatic System ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hemostatic Markers ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
High Doses

SummaryTo characterize the extent of early activation of the hemostatic system following angioplasty, we obtained blood samples from the involved coronary artery of 11 stable angina patients during the procedure and measured sensitive markers of thrombin formation (fibrino-peptide A, prothrombin fragment 1.2, and soluble fibrin) and of platelet activation ((3-thromboglobulin). Levels of hemostatic markers in venous blood obtained from 14 young individuals with low pretest probability for coronary artery disease were not significantly different from levels in venous blood or intracoronary samples obtained prior to angioplasty. Also, there was no translesional (proximal and distal to the lesion) gradient in any of the hemostatic markers before or after angioplasty in samples obtained between 18 and 21 min from the onset of the first balloon inflation. Furthermore, no significant difference was noted between angioplasty and postangioplasty intracoronary concentrations. We conclude that intracoronary hemostatic activation does not occur in the majority of patients during and immediately following coronary angioplasty when high doses of heparin and aspirin are administered.

The Effect of Venous Occlusion on the Sequestration of Blood Platelets

1972 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 383-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Hladovec ◽  
Z Koleilat ◽  
I Přerovský
Keyword(s):  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Pronounced Decrease ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Opposite Change

SummaryThe venous occlusion of all four legs in rats caused a highly significant decrease of platelet counts in venous blood especially after the correction for an opposite change in haematocrit. A very pronounced decrease in platelets was observed in human volunteers after a venostasis in one arm in the blood drawn from the occluded limb just before the release of occlusion. Similar decreases were found after a venostasis of both legs in postocclusion blood samples. The decrease in blood platelets results from temporary sequestration in the occluded limbs. The decreases of platelets after a 10 min occlusion of both legs are more pronounced in patients with post thrombotic states.

Arterio-Venous Differences in the Components of the Fibrinolytic Enzyme System

1966 ◽  
Vol 16 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 032-037 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Ogston ◽  
C. M Ogston ◽  
N. B Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Fibrinolytic Enzyme ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Activator Concentration ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Male Subjects

Summary1. The concentration of the major components of the fibrinolytic enzyme system was compared in venous and arterial blood samples from male subjects.2. The plasminogen activator concentration was higher in venous blood and the arterio-venous difference increased as its concentration rose, but the ratio of the arterial to venous level remained constant.3. No arterio-venous difference was found for anti-urokinase activity, antiplasmin, plasminogen and fibrinogen.4. It is concluded that venous blood determinations of the components of the fibrinolytic enzyme system reflect satisfactorily arterial blood levels.

ADRENAL 17-HYDROXYCORTICOSTEROID SECRETION IN THE DOG IN RESPONSE TO ETHANOL

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 736-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Suzuki ◽  
R. Higashi ◽  
T. Hirose ◽  
H. Ikeda ◽  
K. Tamura
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACT Conscious dogs were infused intravenously with ethanol in doses of 0.7 and 1.0 g/kg. The adrenal venous blood samples were collected before and after the infusion of ethanol and analysed for 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS). After the infusion of 0.7 g/kg (subanaesthetic dose) of ethanol the adrenal 17-OHCS secretion rate showed either a slight increase or no change. After the infusion of 1.0 g/kg (anaesthetic dose) of ethanol the adrenal 17-OHCS secretion rate increased markedly and reached 1.21±0.15 (mean±sem) μg/kg/min, while it was 0.09±0.023 μg/kg/min before the infusion.

scholarly journals POS1398 RHEUMATOLOGICAL PATIENTS PERFORMING BLOOD SELF-SAMPLING FOR DMARD THERAPY SAFETY: A PROOF OF CONCEPT STUDY COMPARING WITH VENOUS BLOOD SAMPLES

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 982.1-982
Author(s):  
S. A. Just ◽  
P. Toftegaard ◽  
U. Jakobsen ◽  
T. R. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Automated Analysis ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Differential Count ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Dmard Treatment ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Venous Sample ◽  
Treatment Safety

Background:Regular blood sampling is a requirement for rheumatological patients receiving csDMARD, bDMARD or tsDMARD therapies (1). The frequent blood sampling affects the patient’s life as they use a substantial amount of time at hospitals or by the general practitioner. Often visits are time-consuming with transport, waiting time, and for some patient’s costly long travels. Giving patients the option of taking the blood samples themself in their own home, as part of a patient-centred monitoring approach, could provide the patient much higher degree of independence. Further, it may increase the quality of life, cause higher compliance with taking the control samples and possibly reduce health care costs.Objectives:1. To investigate if rheumatological patients can take capillary blood samples and describe patient-reported outcomes (PRO) about the procedure. 2. Compare the venous and capillary samples’ results. 3. Test if the laboratory automated analysis equipment can handle the small capillary samples.Methods:21 rheumatological patients, underwent capillary and venous blood sampling at up to 4 occasions (1-2 months between). Instructions were available on a pictogram. PRO data were assessed by questionnaires. The patient performed blood extraction to the capillary samples from a finger after using a device making a small incision (2 mm depth and 3 mm width). Two capillary tubes (one Microtainer K2-EDTA and one Microtainer lithium heparin with gel) were filled with a total volume of approximately 1.0 mL blood. A phlebotomist took the venous sample. Blood samples were analyzed for alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), albumin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium, C-reactive protein (CRP), creatinine, potassium, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), urate, hemolysis index, erythrocyte corpuscular volume (MCV), haemoglobin, leukocytes, differential count and platelets.Results:A total of 53 paired capillary (C) and venous (V) samples were taken. The average perceived pain of the procedure of C sampling was VAS: 10.3 (SD:14.4) (0-100) versus V sampling VAS: 8.5 (SD:11.7). 90% of patients would accept it as a future form of blood sampling.Differences in blood samples (C versus V) were: CRP (-3.4%); Hemoglobin (-1.4%); Creatinine (-4.4%), ALAT (-2.9%), neutrophils (1.43%), platelets (-16.9%).The index of hemolysis was on average 128.9 mg/dL (SD: 203) in C versus 6.7 mg/dL (SD: 4.6) in V. Results was evaluated by a rheumatologist, and 92.5% of capillary samples could be used to evaluate the safety of DMARD treatment based on the most critical samples for this: ALAT, creatinine, neutrophils and platelets (1). The 7.5 % not accepted were all due to aggregated platelets leading to low platelet count. There was hemolysis in 18% of the samples, but the analysis results could be used despite this.Conclusion:In the majority of rheumatological patients, capillary self-sampling is well tolerated.We show that it is possible to extract the needed results from the capillary samples to evaluate DMARD treatment safety, despite higher hemolysis index. Using capillary samples taken at home could be a central instrument in future rheumatological patient-centred monitoring.References:[1]Rigby WFC et al. Review of Routine Laboratory Monitoring for Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Receiving Biologic or Nonbiologic DMARDs. Int J Rheumatol. 2017Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Recovery-Stress Response of Blood-Based Biomarkers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5776
Author(s):  
Sebastian Hacker ◽  
Thomas Reichel ◽  
Anne Hecksteden ◽  
Christopher Weyh ◽  
Kristina Gebhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Recovery Stress ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Time Points ◽  
S100 Calcium Binding Protein ◽  
Stress States

The purpose of this study was to investigate blood-based biomarkers and their regulation with regard to different recovery-stress states. A total of 35 male elite athletes (13 badminton, 22 soccer players) were recruited, and two venous blood samples were taken: one in a ‘recovered’ state (REC) after a minimum of one-day rest from exercise and another one in a ‘non-recovered’ state (NOR) after a habitual loading microcycle. Overall, 23 blood-based biomarkers of different physiologic domains, which address inflammation, muscle damage, and tissue repair, were analyzed by Luminex assays. Across all athletes, only creatine kinase (CK), interleukin (IL-) 6, and IL-17A showed higher concentrations at NOR compared to REC time points. In badminton players, higher levels of CK and IL-17A at NOR were found. In contrast, a higher value for S100 calcium-binding protein A8 (S100A8) at REC was found in badminton players. Similar differences were found for BDNF in soccer players. Soccer players also showed increased levels of CK, and IL-6 at NOR compared to REC state. Several molecular markers were shown to be responsive to differing recovery-stress states, but their suitability as biomarkers in training must be further validated.

Effects of Different Methods Used to Take Blood Samples on Blood Glucose Measurements

2021 ◽  
pp. 105477382110247
Author(s):  
Eda Ergin ◽  
Ayten Zaybak
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Quasi Experimental

The purpose of this study is to compare whether or not there is a difference between venous and capillary blood samples in blood glucose measurements and investigate the effects of different aseptic methods used in skin cleaning before collecting blood samples on measurement results. This quasi-experimental study was conducted with 109 patients. The capillary first and second blood drop values taken from the patients after fasting and at 2 hours following 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and capillary and venous blood glucose values were compared. There was no significant difference between the median venous blood glucose value and the capillary second blood drop value taken after wiping the finger with alcohol. There was no significant difference between the first and second blood drop values of capillary blood glucose 2 hours after OGTT.

scholarly journals Endocrine and Electrolyte Balances during Periovulatory Period in Cycling Mares

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katiuska Satué ◽  
Esterina Fazio ◽  
Ana Muñoz ◽  
Pietro Medica
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Competitive Elisa ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
Plasma Acth ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Stimulation Of

In cycling females, the periovulatory period is characterized by stimulation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis. The aim of present study was to analyze the pattern and interrelationships among adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol (CORT), aldosterone (ALD) and electrolytes (sodium—Na+, potassium—K+ and chloride—Cl−) during periovulatory period in cycling mares. Venous blood samples were obtained daily from a total of 23 Purebred Spanish broodmares, aged 7.09 ± 2.5 years, from day −5 to day +5 of estrous cycle, considering day 0, the day of ovulation. Plasma ACTH was measured by a fluorescent immunoassay kit, serum CORT and ALD by means of a competitive ELISA immunoassay, and plasma Na+, K+ and Cl− were quantified by an analyzer with selective electrodes for the three ions. ACTH showed higher concentrations at day 0 compared to days −5 to −1 and +1 to +3 (p < 0.05). CORT showed higher concentrations at day 0 compared to days −5 to −2 and +1 to +5 (p < 0.05). ALD showed higher concentrations at day 0 compared to days −5 to −2 (p < 0.05) and +2 (p < 0.05). Na+ and Cl− showed higher concentrations at day 0, compared to day −5 and +5. K+ showed lower concentrations at day 0 compared to day +1 (p < 0.05). The significant correlations obtained between ACTH and CORT (r = 0.20) and between ACTH and ALD (r = 0.32) suggest that although ACTH may have an effect both on CORT and ALD, there are other very important determinants that could be considered. Hence, it is possible to presume that the pituitary adrenocortical response and ALD may be involved in the ovulatory mechanisms without a direct relation with electrolyte pattern.

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