scholarly journals Relationship Between Shift Work and the Risk of Prostate Cancer: An Evidence Base Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Irwan Suhadi ◽  
Indah Widyahening ◽  
Muhammad Ilyas
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Light At Night ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Manufacture Company

Prostate cancer has been associated with jobs that involve some degree of work at night. In 2007, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) concluded that shift work involving circadian disruption was probably carcinogenic in humans. Exposure to artificial LAN (Light at Night) suppresses pineal melatonin secretion and subsequently leads to an increase of sex hormones, which in turn could increase the susceptibility to hormone-dependent cancers. Disruption of the circadian rhythm regulated by several clock genes controlling apoptosis and cell proliferation, repeated phase shifting leading to internal desynchronisation and defects in the regulation of the circadian cell cycle, and also sleep deprivation alters immune function. In this case, the authors assessed the relationship between workers in a manufacture company who had worked shift work for 30 years and an increased risk of prostate cancer. This case takes evidence base from several journals that support this hypothesis while doing a critical appraisal to determine its validity and applicability.

scholarly journals Shift Work and Prostate Cancer: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Rivera-Izquierdo ◽  
Virginia Martínez-Ruiz ◽  
Elena Mercedes Castillo-Ruiz ◽  
Miriam Manzaneda-Navío ◽  
Beatriz Pérez-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Current Data ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Case Control Studies

The International Agency of Research in Cancer (IARC) has recently confirmed shift work as a type 2A carcinogen. The results presented in published epidemiological studies regarding prostate cancer are inconsistent and the association remains controversial. The aims of this study were: (a) to investigate the possible association between shift work and prostate cancer incidence, identifying possible sources of heterogeneity; and (b) to analyze the potential effect of publication bias. A search for cohort and case-control studies published from January 1980 to November 2019 was conducted. The quality of the articles was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Pooled OR were calculated using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was evaluated using Cochran’s Q test and data were stratified by potential sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias was analyzed. Eighteen studies were included. No association was found between rotating/night-shift work and prostate cancer, pooled OR 1.07 (95%CI 0.99 to 1.15), I2 = 45.7%, p = 0.016. Heterogeneity was eliminated when only cohort studies (pooled OR 1.03; 95%CI 0.96 to 1.10; I2 = 18.9%, p = 0.264) or high-quality studies (pooled OR 0.99; 95%CI 0.89 to 1.08; I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.571) were considered. A publication bias was detected. An association between shift work and prostate cancer cannot be confirmed with the available current data. Future analytical studies assessing more objective homogeneous exposure variables still seem necessary.

scholarly journals Shift Work and Breast Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9544
Author(s):  
Sarah Gehlert ◽  
Mark Clanton ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Sleep Cycle ◽  
Light At Night ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Rotating Shift Work ◽  
Normal Sleep

The rates of shift work outside of daylight hours have increased in recent years, and nighttime shift work is now considered a potential carcinogenic occupational exposure. Light at night exposure, lower melatonin production, and the production of stress-related mediators disrupt normal sleep–wake cycles. Women who work lower-wage jobs and part-time workers whose shifts are determined entirely by their supervisors (rotating shifts) may be subject to stress related to efforts to align childcare and other needs with the unpredictable nature of rotating shift work. The causal link between breast cancer and the sleep cycle or circadian disruption are yet to be established; however, disruption of the circadian cycles by light at night exposure or chronic exposure to stress-related mediators have all been linked to the increased risk of breast cancer. We review the existing literature on shift work and breast cancer, identify knowledge gaps, and suggest future directions for research.

scholarly journals Diet, Lifestyles, Family History, and Prostate Cancer Incidence in an East Algerian Patient Group

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somia Lassed ◽  
Cláudia M. Deus ◽  
Nuno Lourenço ◽  
Abderrezak Dahdouh ◽  
Albert A. Rizvanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Family History ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Algerian Population ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

Prostate cancer (PC) is the fourth most common cancer in men and the sixth leading cause of death in Algeria. To examine the relationship between lifestyle factors, including diet, and family history and PC risk, a case-control study was performed in an eastern Algerian population, comprising 90 patients with histologically confirmed PC and 190 controls. Data collection was carried out through a structured questionnaire and statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the different variables. The data showed that consumption of lamb and beef meat and high intake of animal fat and dairy products increased PC risk. Seven to thirteen vegetables servings per week and fourteen or more servings decreased PC risk by 62% and 96%, respectively. Seven to fourteen fruit servings per week decrease PC risk by 98%. Green tea consumption reduced the risk of PC but the results were statistically borderline. Increased risk was observed for individuals with family history of PC in first and in second degree. A positive strong association was also found for alcohol and smoking intake and a dose-response relationship existed for quantity and history of smoking. This study suggests that dietary habits, lifestyle factors, and family history have influence on the development of PC in Algerian population.

Influence of age on incident diabetes (DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) among prostate cancer survivors receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 31-31
Author(s):  
Alicia Katherine Morgans ◽  
Kang-Hsien Fan ◽  
Tatsuki Koyama ◽  
Peter C. Albertsen ◽  
Michael Goodman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Androgen Deprivation Therapy ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Androgen Deprivation ◽  
Age At Diagnosis ◽  
Prostate Cancer Survivors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

31 Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes (DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), though this is controversial, particularly for CVD. We prospectively assessed the relationship between ADT and incident DM and CVD in the Prostate Cancer Outcomes Study (PCOS), a population-based cohort of prostate cancer survivors followed longitudinally for 15 years from diagnosis. Methods: We identified men in the PCOS with non-metastatic prostate cancer diagnosed from 1994 to 1995 and followed through 2009 to 2010. We used multivariable logistic regression models to compare groups receiving short-term ADT (less than 2 years), prolonged ADT (2 years or more) and no ADT to assess the relationship between ADT exposure and subsequent diagnoses of DM and CVD (determined by patient report and cause of death data). We evaluated the effects of age at diagnosis, race, stage, and comorbidity on the development of DM and CVD. Results: Among 3,526 men with comorbidity and treatment data, 2,985 men without baseline DM and 3,112 men without baseline CVD constituted the DM and CVD cohorts, respectively. Regardless of duration of ADT exposure, there was not an increased risk of DM or CVD in men younger than 70 at diagnosis. Compared to no ADT exposure, prolonged ADT was associated with an increased risk of DM and CVD that increased steadily over age 76 at diagnosis for DM (OR 2.11 at age 74, 95% CI 1.02 – 4.36; OR 2.65 at age 80, 95% CI 1.09 – 6.47) and age 74 at diagnosis for CVD (OR 1.89 at age 74, 95% CI 1.02 - 3.49; OR 3.19 at age 80, 95% 1.25 – 8.17). Increasing comorbidity burden modified risk of DM and CVD (for 3 or more comorbidities vs. no comorbidities; for DM, OR 4.25, 95% CI 2.3 - 7.9; and for CVD, OR 8.1, 95% CI 4.3 -15.5 P<0.001). Conclusions: The relationship between ADT and development of CVD and DM may be dependent upon age at diagnosis in addition to length of ADT administration, with longer ADT exposure predominantly increasing risk among older men only. Men with greater comorbid burden had increased risk of developing DM and CVD. Closer monitoring for development of DM and CVD may be most important among older men receiving prolonged ADT, especially those with other comorbidities.

Circadian dysrhythm and advanced prostate cancer.

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 199-199
Author(s):  
Lorelei A. Mucci ◽  
Sarah Markt ◽  
Lara Sigurdardottir ◽  
Steven W. Lockley ◽  
Katja Fall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Advanced Prostate Cancer ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
P Value ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Falling Asleep

199 Background: The circadian rhythm regulates diverse biologic pathways including tumor oncogenes, metabolism, and cell proliferation. Dysregulation of the circadian rhythm arises from faulty input signals such as exposure to light at night, variability in core circadian rhythm genes, and variation in outputs that regulate circadian behavior including melatonin. There is compelling biologic rationale, but little human data, on circadian dysrhythm and advanced prostate cancer. Methods: We undertook an integrative molecular epidemiology study of circadian dysrhythm and advanced prostate cancer among men in the Icelandic AGES-Reykjavik cohort and the U.S. Health Professionals Follow-up Study, which allowed integration of questionnaire data, biorepositories, and long-term follow-up. We characterized circadian dysrhythm using complimentary approaches: information on sleep problems from questionnaires, prediagnostic melatonin (6-sulfatoxymelatonin) measured on first morning void urine samples, and genetic variation across twelve circadian clock genes. We used multivariable regression models to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of associations with advanced prostate cancer, adjusted for potential confounders. Results: Twenty percent of men reported sleep problems. Men who had trouble falling asleep (RR = 2.1; 95% CI 0.7-6.2) and staying asleep (RR=3.2, 95% CI 1.1-9.7) had an increased risk of developing advanced prostate cancer. Men with sleep problems had significantly lower melatonin levels compared to those without. Low melatonin levels were associated with a statistically significant 4-fold higher risk of advanced prostate cancer compared to those with high levels (95% CI: 1.25-10.0). Variant alleles in two SNPs in cryptochrome (CRY1), involved in generating and maintaining circadian rhythms, were significantly associated with risk of advanced prostate cancer in both cohorts, with a gene-level p-value<0.01. Conclusions: Our results suggest there are multiple nodes in the circadian rhythm that are associated with an increased risk of advanced prostate cancer. As such, there is the potential for complimentary strategies to target circadian disruption and reduce the risk of advanced prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Associations Between Serum Vitamin D and Adverse Pathology in Men Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1345-1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaw A. Nyame ◽  
Adam B. Murphy ◽  
Diana K. Bowen ◽  
Gregory Jordan ◽  
Ken Batai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Radical Prostatectomy ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Cancer Aggressiveness ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Lower serum vitamin D levels have been associated with an increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer. Among men with localized prostate cancer, especially with low- or intermediate-risk disease, vitamin D may serve as an important biomarker of disease aggression. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between adverse pathology at the time of radical prostatectomy and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH D) levels. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out from 2009 to 2014, nested within a large epidemiologic study of 1,760 healthy controls and men undergoing prostate cancer screening. In total, 190 men underwent radical prostatectomy in the cohort. Adverse pathology was defined as the presence of primary Gleason 4 or any Gleason 5 disease, or extraprostatic extension. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the relationship between 25-OH D and adverse pathology at the time of prostatectomy. Results Eighty-seven men (45.8%) in this cohort demonstrated adverse pathology at radical prostatectomy. The median age in the cohort was 64.0 years (interquartile range, 59.0 to 67.0). On univariate analysis, men with adverse pathology at radical prostatectomy demonstrated lower median serum 25-OH D (22.7 v 27.0 ng/mL, P = .007) compared with their counterparts. On multivariate analysis, controlling for age, serum prostate specific antigen, and abnormal digital rectal examination, serum 25-OH D less than 30 ng/mL was associated with increased odds of adverse pathology (odds ratio, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.25 to 5.59; P = .01). Conclusion Insufficiency/deficiency of serum 25-OH D is associated with increased odds of adverse pathology in men with localized disease undergoing radical prostatectomy. Serum 25-OH D may serve as a useful biomarker in prostate cancer aggressiveness, which deserves continued study.

scholarly journals Meta-Analysis of the Relationship between XRCC1-Arg399Gln and Arg280His Polymorphisms and the Risk of Prostate Cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Yan ◽  
Xiantao Wang ◽  
Hui Tao ◽  
Zengfu Deng ◽  
Wang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Recessive Model ◽  
Dominant Model ◽  
Xrcc1 Arg399gln ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Arg399gln Polymorphism ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Prostate cancer is one of the most common noncutaneous malignancies in Western countries. Because there has been a debate regarding the relationship between the XRCC1-Arg399Gln and Arg280His polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk, we therefore performed this meta-analysis. The electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE and Medline were searched prior to October 1, 2014. An odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were used to calculate association. Heterogeneity was tested by both a chi-square test and I2statistic. Funnel plots and Egger’s test were used to assess publication bias. All statistical analyses were performed using STATA 12.0 software. A significant association between the XRCC1-Arg399Gln polymorphism and prostate cancer risk was found under a homozygote model and a recessive model. A significant association between XRCC1-Arg280His and prostate cancer risk was found under a heterozygote model and a dominant model. Overall, the results of this meta-analysis show that the XRCC1-Arg399Gln polymorphism may be associated with an increased risk for prostate cancer under the homozygote model and the recessive model. And XRCC1-Arg280His polymorphism is likely to be related with prostate cancer risk under the heterozygote model and the dominant model. Additional larger well-designed studies are needed to validate our results.

scholarly journals Skin Melanoma and Subsequent Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Lithuanian Cancer Registry Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 3915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ausvydas Patasius ◽  
Vincas Urbonas ◽  
Giedre Smailyte
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cancer Registry ◽  
Registry Study ◽  
Skin Melanoma ◽  
Expected Number ◽  
Melanoma Diagnosis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Subsequent Risk

Emerging data indicates that melanoma may be linked to prostate cancer. We evaluated if the incidence of melanoma was associated with subsequent risk of prostate cancer (PC). We extracted data from the Lithuanian cancer registry from 1993 to 2012. We calculated the standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for PC as a ratio of observed number of cancer cases in people with previous melanoma diagnosis to the expected number of cancer cases in the underlying general population. Therein, 95% confidence intervals for the SIRs were estimated assuming the number of observed cancer cases follows the Poisson distribution. Overall, 65 PCs were observed versus 52.5 expected (SIR 1.24; 95% CI: 0.97–1.58) within a period of 24 years. A significantly increased risk of PC was found in patients with melanoma diagnosis over 70 years (SIR 1.62; 95% CI: 1.11–2.39) and in two periods of diagnosis (SIRs 1.76 and 1.62 in 1993–1997 and 2009–2012, respectively). A significantly increased risk was also found five to nine years after melanoma diagnosis (SIR 1.58; 95% CI: 1.05–2.38). Further studies are needed to evaluate the relationship between melanoma and subsequent risk of prostate cancer.

CLOCK GENES VS. BREAST CANCER

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-55
Author(s):  
Aleksey Golubev ◽  
Andrey Panchenko ◽  
Yekaterina Gubareva ◽  
Galina Kireeva ◽  
Viktor Anisimov
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Light At Night ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Clock genes (CG) are responsible for adapting body to diurnal changes in environmental conditions (circadian cycles, CC). Discordances caused by changes in both environmental СС (shift work, excess light at night, or jet lag) and bodily CC, in particular due to changes in CG expression, increase the risk of cancer, the breast being the most vulnerable site. The present discussion is based on the reviews of relevant epidemiological and experimental findings, including meta-analyses, mainly published within the last five years. The conclusions related to translational medicine are, with regard to prevention, that shift work is a significant risk factor of breast cancer and, with regard to treatment, that melatonin properties make it feasible to develop regimens of its administration able to synchronize tumor and body CC so that cancer becomes most sensitive to treatment when body is least vulnerable to its side effects.

Cardiovascular mortality following short-term androgen deprivation in clinically localized prostate cancer: An analysis of RTOG 94-08.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 18-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Alexander Efstathiou ◽  
Rebecca Paulus ◽  
Matthew R. Smith ◽  
Christopher U. Jones ◽  
Mark H. Leibenhaut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Androgen Deprivation ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Localized Prostate Cancer ◽  
Disease Specific Survival ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Disease Specific

18 Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is associated with greater risk of diabetes and coronary heart disease in men with prostate cancer but there is significant controversy surrounding its potential impact on cardiovascular mortality especially among men with lower rates of cancer-specific death. We assessed the relationship between ADT and mortality in a large randomized trial of men treated with or without short-course ADT and radiation therapy (RT) for clinically-localized prostate cancer. Methods: Between 1994-2001, 1979 eligible men (median age 71) with clinically-localized (T1-2, PSA<20) prostate cancer were enrolled on a phase III trial (RTOG 94-08) and randomized to RT and 4 months of neoadjuvant/concurrent ADT or RT alone. Fine-Gray proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the relationship between treatment arm and mortality (disease-specific and cardiovascular). Covariates included PSA, Gleason score, T-stage, age, race, weight, prevalent cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes (DM), and hypertension. Results: After a median follow-up of 8.2 years, use of ADT improved overall and disease-specific survival but there was no ADT-related increase in cardiovascular mortality or non-prostate cancer death. There were a total of 191 cardiovascular-related deaths. At 10-years, cardiovascular mortality for men treated with RT+ADT was 9.8% vs 10.7% for men treated with RT alone. In multivariate analyses, treatment arm was not significantly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality [adjusted hazard ratio (HR)=0.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69-1.26, p=0.64]. Traditional cardiac risk factors, including prevalent CVD and DM, were significantly associated with greater cardiovascular mortality. Results were similar when limiting analyses to patient subsets at high risk for cardiovascular mortality and at low risk for disease-specific mortality. Conclusions: Use of short-course ADT improves overall and disease-specific survival but does not appear to increase cardiovascular mortality in men with clinically-localized prostate cancer. Supported by RTOG grant U10 CA21661 and CCOP grant U10 CA37422 from NCI.

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