scholarly journals ESTADO MINERAL DE BOVINOS DE CORTE EM REBANHOS SUPLEMENTADOS NO CENTRO-OESTE DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.S. PRESTES ◽  
A.R. FILAPPI ◽  
M. CECIM
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Mineral Mixture ◽  
Native Pastures

O presente estudo objetivou analisar os níveis plasmáticos de cálcio (Ca), fósforo inorgânico (Pi), cobre (Cu) e zinco (Zn) em vacas de corte primíparas e multíparas, mantidas em campo nativo e suplementadas com misturas minerais comerciais completas, em rebanhos na região Centro-Oeste do Rio Grande do Sul. Amostras sangüíneas foram colhidas nos períodos de Final de Gestação (FG), Pico da Lactação (PL) e Entoure (E). As médias plasmáticas dos elementos minerais analisados estiveram conforme as referências, com exceção do Pi, nas vacas primíparas, no período de E. Entre períodos, nas vacas primíparas, houve diferença significativa nos níveis de Ca, sendo maiores no PL do que no FG; quanto ao Cu, os níveis foram significativamente maiores no E em relação ao FG; no Zn os níveis foram significativamente menores no PL. Nas multíparas, os níveis de Zn foram significativamente menores no período de PL em relação FG. Entre categorias, os níveis de Ca foram significativamente maiores nas primíparas, no PL; quanto ao Cu, os níveis foram significativamente maiores nas primíparas, no período de PL e E. Nas condições em que o estudo foi conduzido, conclui-se que a suplementação mineral completa provém níveis plasmáticos marginais de cálcio, fósforo inorgânico e cobre em ambas as categorias e em todos os períodos produtivos. Mesmo com suplementação mineral irrestrita, o período produtivo exerce influência sobre os níveis plasmáticos de cálcio, cobre e zinco, nas vacas primíparas. Mineral status of supplemented beef herds in Mid-West Rio Grande do Sul State Abstract The objective of the present study was to analyze plasma levels of calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorus (Pi), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in heifers and mature cows maintained in native pastures with free access to a complete mineral mixture. Blood samples were collected at the end of gestation (FG), at peak of lactation (PL) and during breeding season (E). The mean values for all minerals were around the lower limit of international reference ranges, with exception of Pi in first calf heifers during breeding. Among periods in heifers, Ca was higher during PL than in FG. Copper levels were higher in E than in FG while zinc values were lowest in PL than in the other two periods. Between categories, Ca levels were higher in PL heifers, and Cu was higher during PL and E than in FG. The present results suggest that supplementation with a complete mineral mix sustained only marginal plasma levels of Ca, Pi, and Cu in both groups in all periods studied. Even with free access to mineral supplement, the period of the productive cycle has an influence on plasma levels of Ca, Cu and Zn in first calf heifers.

scholarly journals Characterization and Frequency of Histological Changes in Bovine Livers from Slaughterhouses in Brazil kept on Brachiaria spp.

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Rebekah Rank Araújo ◽  
Rayane Chitolina Pupin ◽  
Renata Cunha Madureira ◽  
Luiz Gustavo de Morais ◽  
Lucas De Souza Quevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Steroidal Saponins ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Native Pastures ◽  
Foamy Macrophages

Background: Brachiaria spp. is the main pasture for ruminant productions in Brazil, but the limiting factor for its use is the toxicity due to the presence of steroidal saponins. Chronic ingestion of Brachiaria spp. by cattle may cause liver changes such as fibrosis, bile duct proliferation and clusters of foamy macrophages in the hepatic parenchyma. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the most frequent histological changes and their frequencies in livers collected in abattoirs in Brazil from beef cattle raised exclusively on Brachiaria spp. and compare them with those observed in animals kept in Andropogon spp. grass and native pastures in Rio Grande do Sul.Materials, Methods & Results: Liver samples without macroscopic changes were collected in abattoirs from 561 healthy Nelore and Nelore crossbred cattle raised in Brachiaria spp. pastures from Mato Grosso (MT), Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Minas Gerais (MG) and Pará (PA) States. Liver samples from 84 Angus cattle (Bos taurus) kept on native pastures in Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and from 60 Nelore and Nelore crossbreed cattle raised in Andropogon spp. pastures in Tocantins State (TO) were collected as control. Semi-quantitative analysis of the histopathological changes were proceeded: (-) = no change; (+) = slight or discreet change; (++) = moderate change and (+++) = marked change. The main histopathological changes evaluted in the liver samples were the presence of foamy macrophages and its location, parenchymal fibrosis and its location, proliferation of bile ducts, periportal mononuclear infiltrate, presence of crystals in macrophages and within the bile ducts. Foamy macrophages clusters in the liver parenchyma were the most frequent histological changes exclusively observed in samples of animals kept in Brachiaria spp. and it was more frequent in cattle from MS State (P < 0.0001). The periportal hepatic fibrosis was another relevant finding in cattle kept in Brachiaria spp. and was also more frequent in MS animals (P ≤ 0.0001), and was not present in control groups. Proliferation of the bile ducts rate was similar between animals raised in Brachiaria spp. (P > 0.05), though it was higher in cattle kept on native pasture in RS (P < 0.0001). The mononuclear periportal inflammatory infiltrate was more frequent in MS and MG samples than in MT and PA (P < 0.0002).Discussion: The most significant histopathological changes observed in liver samples of cattle from the states of MT, MS, PA and MG kept in Brachiaria spp. pastures from the birth to slaughter, was the presence of foamy macrophages in quantities and variables distribution showing the strengthen association between clusters of foamy macrophages in the liver parenchyma and grazing on this grass. These macrophages could be found in healthy animals kept in Brachiaria spp. pastures and in intoxicated animals. This change was considered frequent and characteristic in animals kept in pastures containing steroidal lithogenic saponins in its composition, and it was frequently observed in ruminants that growed in Brachiaria spp. pastures. Beef cattle kept in Andropogon spp. grass pastures in the state of Tocantins and native pastures in Rio Grande do Sul did not showed foamy macrophages in liver samples. On the other hand, in susceptible sheep kept in Andropogon spp. grass pastures that  contains low amount of lithogenic steroidal saponins, are insufficient to induce toxicity and morphological changes in the liver, including aggregates of foamy macrophages.

Earthworm diversity in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4496 (1) ◽  
pp. 562 ◽  
Author(s):  
GERUSA PAULI KIST STEFFEN ◽  
RICARDO BEMFICA STEFFEN ◽  
MARIE LUISE CAROLINA BARTZ ◽  
SAMUEL WOOSTER JAMES ◽  
RODRIGO JOSEMAR SEMINOTTI JACQUES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
First Record ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Earthworm Species ◽  
Aporrectodea Trapezoides ◽  
Native Pastures

The knowledge regarding earthworm species richness in subtropical Brazil is limited, particularly in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), where only a few sites have been sampled. In this study we assessed earthworm richness in different ecosystems of RS, prioritizing un-sampled regions. Fifteen ecosystems, including native vegetation and other ecosystems with variable levels of disturbance were sampled in 30 counties in RS, totaling 77 sampling points, mainly in the Pampa biome. Qualitative sampling was performed by handsorting soil monoliths and fixing the earthworms in 4% formalin solution. Species identification was based on morphological characters, and species richness and Shannon (H) and McIntosh (U) diversity indices were calculated for each ecosystem. Twenty-one earthworm species were identified, belonging to seven families: Glossoscolecidae (8), Rhinodrilidae (2), Ocnerodrilidae (4), Megascolecidae (4), Acanthodrilidae (1), Lumbricidae (1) and Criodrilidae (1). From these, ten are new species belonging to the genera: Glossoscolex (6), Fimoscolex (1), Kerriona (1), Eukerria (1), and one aquatic species of the Criodrilidae family, belonging to a new genus. Most of the native species (Urobenus brasiliensis, Fimoscolex n.sp.1 and the Glossoscolex spp.) predominated in ecosystems little altered by human activity, while exotic (Amynthas gracilis, Amynthas rodericensis, Metaphire californica, Aporrectodea trapezoides) and peregrine species (Pontoscolex corethrurus) predominated in areas with more human disturbance. Native ecosystems with lower disturbance, particularly forests and native pastures had higher diversity than disturbed sites. This is the first record of A. rodericencis for Brazil and most sites represent new collection records for the known species in RS.

scholarly journals Hydatidosis, cysticercosis, and tuberculosis rates in bovine slaughtered under state sanitary inspection in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roque Fernando Pinheiro Bica ◽  
Marina Venturini Copetti ◽  
Mário Celso Sperotto Brum
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Diagnosis Rate ◽  
Tuberculosis Diagnosis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Condemnation Data

ABSTRACT This study sought to evaluate the occurrence of lesions suggestive of hydatidosis, cysticercosis, and tuberculosis in animals slaughtered under sanitary inspection of the Divisão de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal (DIPOA), in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Condemnation data between the years 2009 and 2017 were obtained from Secretaria da Agricultura Pecuária e Irrigação (SEAPI) and presented according to the administrative regions established by SEAPI. In that period, 7,509,544 cattle were slaughtered and condemnations occurred in all regions of the state at varying levels. The mean condemnation values showed the presence of hydatidosis in 523,399 (6.97%), cysticercosis in 92,277 (1.23%), and tuberculosis in 10,595 (0.14%) cattle carcasses. The mean values of hydatidosis diagnoses were higher in the regions of Alegrete (14.19%), Bagé (19.62%), and Pelotas (17.71%). The regions of Osório (1.86%), Santa Maria (2.10%), and São Luiz Gonzaga (1.83%) had highest rates of cysticercosis condemnations. All regions maintained an average bovine tuberculosis diagnosis rate of less than 1% and Estrela region had the highest index (0.70%). Results showed that the three diseases occurred in all regions of the state, the average prevalence rates in each region are variable, and distribution seems to be regionalized. This knowledge contributes to the plans for controlling these diseases, which are zoonoses that cause economic losses to the productive sector.

Amphicarpy in Trifolium argentinense: morphological characterisation, seed production, reproductive behaviour and life strategy

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ionara Fatima Conterato ◽  
Maria Teresa Schifino-Wittmann ◽  
Divanilde Guerra ◽  
Miguel Dall'Agnol
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Life Strategy ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Mode Of Reproduction ◽  
Native Pastures

Trifolium argentinense Speg. is an amphicarpic species that occurs naturally in native pastures of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Amphicarpy is a rare mode of reproduction in which aerial and subterranean seeds are produced by the same individual. In the present paper, we compare morphology, anther number, pollen viability, seed production and mode of reproduction of T. argentinense flowers, and comment on the life strategy of the species. Plants grown from aerial seeds and from the regrowth of storage roots of aerial plants had longer stolons and a larger plant diameter than did those grown from subterranean plants. Plants grown from seeds were also taller than plants grown from storage roots. More resources were allocated to subterranean reproduction in plants of subterranean origin than in those of aerial origin. Aerial flowers produced more seeds, presented more anthers and produced more pollen grains than did the subterranean ones. T. argentinense is a versatile species, self- and cross-pollinated, consistent with the values of high polymorphism information content. T. argentinense adopts the ‘pessimistic strategy’ (early allocation of energy to large subterranean propagules), common in amphicarpic species when growing in disturbed habitats, such as the native pastures of Rio Grande do Sul, where intense grazing and trampling, as well as long seasonal dry spells, may periodically destroy the aerial plants, thus assuring survival by germination of subterranean seeds and regrowth of storage roots.

scholarly journals Listeriosis Outbreak in Sheep Raised in Feedlots in the Southern Region of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

2022 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiza Soares Ribeiro ◽  
Haide Valeska Scheid ◽  
Lucas Dos Santos Marques ◽  
Fabiano Da Rosa Venancio ◽  
Elisa Rocha Da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Domestic Birds ◽  
Solar Orientation

Background: A listeriosis outbreak in a sheep fattening feedlot in the Southern Region of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil is described. This disease is caused by Listeria monocytogenes and represents a risk to public health since it affects not only ruminants but also humans. This agent is widely spread in the environment, such as in the soil and water. It is also found in decaying vegetable matter and the feces and fluids of domestic animals. The aim of this study was to describe a listeriosis outbreak in sheep raised in feedlots, its epidemiology, and to establish the importance of this disease in this type of sheep management system, evaluate the possible sources of infection, and suggest ways to control it.Cases: Sheep were kept in a 2-sector shed, one with east solar orientation and the other with west solar orientation, the latter with free access to domestic birds. Sheep were fed silage and concentrate. Seven sheep were affected, 5 died and 2 recovered. Clinically, the sheep displayed loss of balance, excessive drooling, and tremors; one exhibited circling, head deviation, apathy, nystagmus, lateral recumbency, paddling, and labored breathing. At necropsy, macroscopic lesions were not found, and histologically several micro-abscesses and perivascular cuffs with lymphocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils were present in the brain stem. Listeria monocytogenes suspected colonies were observed in the microbiological culture, and the bacteria was identified by biochemical analysis. The immunohistochemistry test in brain stem sections was positive for the antibody BD DifcoTM Listeria O Antiserum Poly Serotypes 1 and 4.Discussion: A listeriosis outbreak in a feedlot sheep was confirmed through epidemiological findings, histological lesions, bacterial culture, and immunohistochemistry analysis. This infection is frequent in sheep fed silage of poor quality or other food with improper storage and lack of hygiene. In the present outbreak, the bacteria were isolated from silage. However, it is likely that domestic birds, which were raised in the same place and had free access to the west sector of the feedlot, were the initial source of infection, because the sheep from the opposite sector (east) did not get ill. The disease caused by environmental contamination or through contact with fluids and feces of ducks, chickens, cattle, and pigs has already been described in outbreaks that occurred in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul. Sheep aggregation in feedlot systems is also a favorable factor for the development of the bacteria and the occurrence of outbreaks because the accumulation of feces and urine cause humidity on the stalls. This allows outbreaks to occur in other seasons of the year, such as in the outbreak reported herein. The exchange of silage that served as food for sheep was another control measure, and new cases were not reported 8 months after these procedures were taken. In the outbreak studied, 2 sheep that exhibited clinical signs were treated with oxytetracycline and recovered. Some authors report that treatment for listeriosis is inefficient because neurological lesions are irreversible. Nonetheless, other studies have reported the recovery of some animals when they were treated with oxytetracycline or a combination of oxytetracycline and dexamethasone or ampicillin and gentamicin like in the outbreak described in this paper.Keywords: Listeria monocytogenes, central nervous system, silage, feedlot, ovine.

scholarly journals Análise Estatística da Concentração de Potássio Obtida por Aerolevantamentos Geofísicos em Diferentes Formações Geológicas na Região de Santa Maria (RS)

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOÃO EDUARDO DA SILVA PEREIRA ◽  
JOSÉ LUIZ SILVÉRIO DA SILVA ◽  
ADELIR JOSÉ STRIEDER ◽  
CARLOS ALBERTO DA FONSECA PIRES
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Spatial Relation ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Thematic Map ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Santa Maria

The present work was developed in outcrops of Santa Maria region, southern Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul State. Statistic evaluations were applied in different rock types. The possibility to distinguish different geologic units, sedimentary and volcanic (acid and basic types) by means of the statistic analyses from the use of airborne gamma-ray spectrometry integrating potash radiation emissions data with geological and geochemistry data is discussed. This Project was carried out at 1973 by Geological Survey of Brazil/Companhia de Pesquisas de Recursos Minerais. The Camaquã Project evaluated the behavior of potash concentrations generating XYZ Geosof 1997 format, one grid, thematic map and digital thematic map files from this total area. Using these data base, the integration of statistics analyses in sedimentary formations which belong to the Depressão Central do Rio Grande do Sul and/or to volcanic rocks from Planalto da Serra Geral at the border of Paraná Basin was tested. Univariate statistics model was used: the media, the standard media error, and the trust limits were estimated. The Tukey’s Test was used in order to compare mean values. The results allowed to create criteria to distinguish geological formations based on their potash content. The back-calibration technique was employed to transform K radiation to percentage. Inside this context it was possible to define characteristic values from radioactive potash emissions and their trust ranges in relation to geologic formations. The potash variable when evaluated in relation to geographic Universal Transverse Mercator coordinates system showed a spatial relation following one polynomial model of second order, with one determination coefficient. The statística 7.1 software Generalist Linear Models produced by Statistics Department of Federal University of Santa Maria/Brazil was used.

EFFECT OF OESTRONE-PELLET IMPLANTATION ON PLASMA LEVELS OF PROLACTIN

1970 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. van der Gugten ◽  
M. Sala ◽  
H. G. Kwa
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Primary Break

ABSTRACT Eight female and eight male rats were castrated at the age of 8 to 10 weeks. Four spayed and four orchidectomized rats received one oestrone/cholesterol pellet (200 μg oestrone) on the day of operation (day 0), a second pellet on day 11 and a third on day 23. The remaining animals received four oestrone/cholesterol pellets at these times. The fluctuations in the prolactin levels in the circulation induced by the oestrogen challenges in these animals were followed during 31 days by radioimmunoassays performed on days 3, 7, 9, 14, 15, 17, 23, 24, 25, 28 and 31. The results suggested that the homoeostatic mechanism regulating plasma levels of prolactin was capable of withstanding the three time-spaced oestrogen challenges only in the spayed animals receiving the lower doses of oestrogen, since it allowed the mean values of the prolactin levels to remain fairly constant during the first 4 weeks. The levels in this group rose to much higher levels only on day 31. The higher doses of oestrone in the spayed rats and both dose levels of oestrone in the orchidectomized animals apparently resulted in a primary break-down of the homoeostatic mechanism, since the prolactin levels in the animals of these groups rose to much higher levels either on day 7 or on day 9. This was followed by a period during which the prolactin levels appeared to be more or less under control, until a second and probably definitive failure of the homoeostatic mechanism allowed the mean levels to rise sharply again.

Estudo da Dispersão do Monóxido de Carbono Associado a Emissão Veicular na Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre com o Sistema de Modelagem Numérica CCATT - BRAMS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Leandra ávila da Silva ◽  
Marcelo Félix Alonso ◽  
Sabrina Feltes de Moura ◽  
Túlio Felipe Verdi Filho
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Porto Alegre

Resumo O monitoramento contínuo da qualidade do ar local é extremamente importante para a gestão ambiental de uma cidade, mas nem sempre viável pelo alto custo dos equipamentos. Por conta disso, investe-se muito na utilização da modelagem numérica no estudo da qualidade do ar, que é altamente dependente de inventários de emissões dos poluentes e seus precursores. Nesse contexto o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um estudo da dispersão do monóxido de carbono (CO) na Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, utilizando o sistema de modelagem numérica CCATT-BRAMS, com ênfase nas fontes veiculares. Foram analisados dois períodos - janeiro de 2009 e janeiro de 2016 - utilizando-se as informações dos inventários de gases precursores elaborados pela FEPAM para os anos base de 2009 e 2013, respectivamente, distribuídos espacialmente com o auxílio do pré-processador de emissões PREP-CHEM-SRC utilizado pelo CCATT-BRAMS. No geral, as simulações representaram coerentemente os dados observados pela rede de monitoramento, com RMSE abaixo de 0,3 na maioria das estações avaliadas. Análises de sensibilidade também revelaram que, para o período avaliado, aproximadamente 40% da concentração de CO sobre a cidade de Porto Alegre foi devido ao transporte de larga escala, proveniente das cidades localizadas ao norte, dentro da Região Metropolitana.

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