EFFECT OF OESTRONE-PELLET IMPLANTATION ON PLASMA LEVELS OF PROLACTIN

1970 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. van der Gugten ◽  
M. Sala ◽  
H. G. Kwa
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Primary Break

ABSTRACT Eight female and eight male rats were castrated at the age of 8 to 10 weeks. Four spayed and four orchidectomized rats received one oestrone/cholesterol pellet (200 μg oestrone) on the day of operation (day 0), a second pellet on day 11 and a third on day 23. The remaining animals received four oestrone/cholesterol pellets at these times. The fluctuations in the prolactin levels in the circulation induced by the oestrogen challenges in these animals were followed during 31 days by radioimmunoassays performed on days 3, 7, 9, 14, 15, 17, 23, 24, 25, 28 and 31. The results suggested that the homoeostatic mechanism regulating plasma levels of prolactin was capable of withstanding the three time-spaced oestrogen challenges only in the spayed animals receiving the lower doses of oestrogen, since it allowed the mean values of the prolactin levels to remain fairly constant during the first 4 weeks. The levels in this group rose to much higher levels only on day 31. The higher doses of oestrone in the spayed rats and both dose levels of oestrone in the orchidectomized animals apparently resulted in a primary break-down of the homoeostatic mechanism, since the prolactin levels in the animals of these groups rose to much higher levels either on day 7 or on day 9. This was followed by a period during which the prolactin levels appeared to be more or less under control, until a second and probably definitive failure of the homoeostatic mechanism allowed the mean levels to rise sharply again.

scholarly journals Sex and Age Differences in the Distribution of 14C-Sterigmatocystin in Immature and Mature Rats

1985 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Walkow ◽  
G. Sullivan ◽  
D. Maness ◽  
G. J. Yakatan
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Total Radioactivity ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Wheat Germ Oil ◽  
Tissue Levels ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sex And Age Differences ◽  
Age And Sex

Sterigmatocystin, a mycotoxin produced by several fungi, is carcinogenic when injected subcutaneously in rats. The potential of sterigmatocystin as a contaminant to human foodstuffs makes understanding its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion characteristics desirable. Single doses (8 mg/kg) of 14C-sterigmatocystin were dissolved in wheat germ oil and administered orally to immature (50–150 g) and mature (200–300 g) rats of both sexes. Five rats of each sex and age group were sacrificed at 3, 6, 12, 48, and 96 hours after dosing. Biological specimens were collected and analyzed for total radioactivity. The differences in tissue levels of 14C-sterigmatocystin due to age and sex were examined using Tukey's paired comparison procedure for the mean area under the tissue level vs. time curves. Statistically significant differences in the gastrointestinal tract tissue levels were observed in 70% or more of these tissues when comparing mature males vs. mature females and immature females vs. mature females. Age and sex differences were also observed in 30% or less of the organ tissues in the other comparisons made. The sterigmatocystin plasma levels vs. time curves for each group have at least two distinct peaks that may be indicative of enterohepatic recirculation. The plasma levels obtained in the male rats are consistently higher than those in the females.

Capecitabine plus docetaxel (XT): A first line, phase II clinical trial in metastatic breast cancer

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10624-10624
Author(s):  
C. L. Vogel ◽  
E. Tan-Chiu ◽  
F. Gokce
Keyword(s):  
Phase Ii ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Toxicity Profile ◽  
Nail Changes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Dose Reductions

10624 Background: The XT combination originally published at (X) dosed at 1250 mg/m2 bid po x 14 days and (T) at 75 mg/m2 q3 weeks I.V. respectively yielded good response rates and an overall survival advantage compared with single agent docetaxel at 100 mg/m2. However, the toxicity profile of this regimen has led to major dose and schedule modifications by most oncologists. Methods/Results: We initiated a Phase II trial at doses of X at 900 mg/m2 bid po x 14 days and T at 36 mg/m2 d 1 and 8. Three responded and the mean no. of cycles for these patients was 3.8. Since four of 6 went off study because of toxicity two additional dose levels were studied in 6 patients each. A second cohort received X at 650 mg/m2 bid and T at 30 mg/m2. With 6 evaluable patients, four of 6 responded but all 4 required further dose reductions. Mean no. of cycles received was 4.2. A third cohort of 6 patients received X at 825 mg/m2 plus the lower T at 30mg/m2 who received a mean no. of cycles of 6. While only 1/6 responded 3 additional patients had stable disease with marked decreases in CEA or CA 15–3 suggestive of anti-tumor response. Only 1/6 required a dose reduction. Among the 18 patients, epiphora was described by 5 (28%). Only 3 patients developed significant leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia was not seen. T-induced nail changes were uncommon but were severe in one patient. Two patients at the first dose level, but only one at lower levels developed mucositis. Grade 1 anemia was common but managed easily with growth factor support. Conclusions: The response rate of 44% is encouraging with these lower doses of XT. We recommend further studies using X at 825 mg/m2 and T at 30mg/m2 since these doses were associated with encouraging response rate and a better toxicity profile than higher doses. Even at this higher dose of X dose reductions may well be needed. (Supported by a grant from Roche Laboratories, Inc.) No significant financial relationships to disclose.

STUDIES ON THE PATTERN OF CIRCULATING STEROIDS IN THE NORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLE

1977 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Aedo ◽  
M. Nuñez ◽  
B.-M. Landgren ◽  
S. Z. Cekan ◽  
E. Diczfalusy
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Circadian Variation ◽  
Circadian Variations ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Menstruating Women ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACT Circadian variations of the plasma levels of dehydroepiandrosterone, 17-hydroxypregnenolone, pregnenolone and testosterone were investigated by radioimmunoassay in 10 normally menstruating women during the periovulatory period. In seven of the subjects it was also possible to estimate androstenedione and dihydrotestosterone levels. Blood was withdrawn continuously over a period of 48 h at a rate of 4 ml/h by means of a non-thrombogenic pump. The circadian rhythm was studied during 13 3-hour sampling periods (39 h) which were identical in all subjects. Dehydroepiandrosterone, 17-hydroxypregnenolone and pregnenolone showed a marked circadian rhythm with highest mean levels in the morning between 06.00 and 09.00 h and lowest mean levels during the night between 21.00 and 24.00 h. The peak levels of individual subjects coincided completely with the highest mean levels in the case of dehydroepiandrosterone, in 9 out of 10 cases with regard to 17-hydroxypregnenolone and in 8 of 10 cases as far as pregnenolone levels were concerned. The lowest individual levels were more dispersed around the means than were the individual peaks. The difference between the highest (morning hours: 06.00–09.00) and lowest (evening hours: 21.00–24.00) geometeric mean values was 404% for 17-hydroxypregnenolone, 163 % for dehydroepiandrosterone and 71 % for pregnenolone. The mean testosterone levels also exhibited an elevation between 06.00 and 09.00 h which was significant (P < 0.05). However, the individual peak values were scattered from 21.00 h of the first day to 18.00 h of the second day. The mean concentrations of androstenedione showed a significant increase between 06.00 and 18.00 h. The individual peaks were widely dispersed. Hence a uniform circadian rhythm correlated to the levels of the Δl5-steroids mentioned above could not be demonstrated in the case of testosterone and androstenedione. An analysis of variance indicated no significant differences between sampling periods as far as dihydrotestosterone levels were concerned. The extent and regularity of the circadian variation in the plasma levels of the Δl5-steroids studied makes it mandatory to standardize very carefully the exact time of blood withdrawal in any longitudinal study. In view of the sharp changes in the plasma levels during the morning hours, it is suggested that sampling during the afternoon period may provide more constant values.

THE EFFECT OF STRESS AND ADRENALECTOMY ON THE RESPONSE TO DICUMAROL IN RATS

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
G. J. Mogenson ◽  
L. M. Fisher ◽  
L. B. Jaques
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Dose Level ◽  
Ether Anesthesia ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Tail Vein ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

The prothrombin time was followed in a large number of rats receiving daily doses of dicumarol. Prothrombin times, using the Schwager–Jaques method, were determined on blood samples obtained from the tail vein. It was found that rats, like rabbits, showed a wide variation in their response to dicumarol at dose levels of 10 and 20 mg./kg. body weight per day but, unlike rabbits, they seemed to develop a tolerance to the drug. This began after a peak prothrombin time was reached and occurred later in rats having a higher prothrombin time, or receiving the higher dose of the drug. Stress, in the form of electroshock or sound-induced seizures, increased the variability of the prothrombin time and significantly increased the mean values with 20 mg./kg. dicumarol. These changes persisted in some rats for at least 48 hours. They were prevented by ether anesthesia. Adrenalectomized rats fed dicumarol showed a marked increase in prothrombin time, did not develop tolerance to the drug after a few days, and died of hemorrhage. An analysis of blood samples obtained by cardiac puncture from adrenalectomized, sham-operated, and normal rats fed dicumarol at a dose level of 10 mg./kg. body weight for 5 days showed that values for the Quick one-stage prothrombin times of the adrenalectomized group were elevated significantly above those of the sham-operated and normal groups. No significant differences, however, were noted in the values for the two-stage tests for prothrombin, hematocrit, or plasma dicumarol levels of these animals.

THE EFFECT OF STRESS AND ADRENALECTOMY ON THE RESPONSE TO DICUMAROL IN RATS

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Mogenson ◽  
L. M. Fisher ◽  
L. B. Jaques
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Dose Level ◽  
Ether Anesthesia ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Tail Vein ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

The prothrombin time was followed in a large number of rats receiving daily doses of dicumarol. Prothrombin times, using the Schwager–Jaques method, were determined on blood samples obtained from the tail vein. It was found that rats, like rabbits, showed a wide variation in their response to dicumarol at dose levels of 10 and 20 mg./kg. body weight per day but, unlike rabbits, they seemed to develop a tolerance to the drug. This began after a peak prothrombin time was reached and occurred later in rats having a higher prothrombin time, or receiving the higher dose of the drug. Stress, in the form of electroshock or sound-induced seizures, increased the variability of the prothrombin time and significantly increased the mean values with 20 mg./kg. dicumarol. These changes persisted in some rats for at least 48 hours. They were prevented by ether anesthesia. Adrenalectomized rats fed dicumarol showed a marked increase in prothrombin time, did not develop tolerance to the drug after a few days, and died of hemorrhage. An analysis of blood samples obtained by cardiac puncture from adrenalectomized, sham-operated, and normal rats fed dicumarol at a dose level of 10 mg./kg. body weight for 5 days showed that values for the Quick one-stage prothrombin times of the adrenalectomized group were elevated significantly above those of the sham-operated and normal groups. No significant differences, however, were noted in the values for the two-stage tests for prothrombin, hematocrit, or plasma dicumarol levels of these animals.

Articulatory Behavior Pre and Post Full-Mouth Tooth Extraction and Alveoloplasty

1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 630-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Zimmermann ◽  
J.A. Scott Kelso ◽  
Larry Lander
Keyword(s):  
Control Subject ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Articulatory Movements ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Subjects ◽  
Normal Speech

High speed cinefluorography was used to track articulatory movements preceding and following full-mouth tooth extraction and alveoloplasty in two subjects. Films also were made of a control subject on two separate days. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of dramatically altering the structural dimensions of the oral cavity on the kinematic parameters of speech. The results showed that the experimental subjects performed differently pre and postoperatively though the changes were in different directions for the two subjects. Differences in both means and variabilities of kinematic parameters were larger between days for the experimental (operated) subjects than for the control subject. The results for the Control subject also showed significant differences in the mean values of kinematic variables between days though these day-to-day differences could not account for the effects found pre- and postoperatively. The results of the kinematic analysis, particularly the finding that transition time was most stable over the experimental conditions for the operated subjects, are used to speculate about the coordination of normal speech.

Plasma Thrombospondin as an Indicator of Intravascular Platelet Activation in Patients with Vasculitis

1987 ◽  
Vol 58 (03) ◽  
pp. 850-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
M B McCrohan ◽  
S W Huang ◽  
J W Sleasman ◽  
P A Klein ◽  
K J Kao
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Activation Marker ◽  
Fibrin Degradation Products ◽  
The Mean

SummaryThe use of plasma thrombospondin (TSP) concentration was investigated as an indicator of intravascular platelet activation. Patients (n = 20) with diseases that have known vasculitis were included in the study. The range and the mean of plasma TSP concentrations of patients with vasculitis were 117 ng/ml to 6500 ng/ml and 791±1412 ng/ml (mean ± SD); the range and the mean of plasma TSP concentrations of control individuals (n = 33) were 13 ng/ml to 137 ng/ml and 59±29 ng/ml. When plasma TSP concentrations were correlated with plasma concentrations of another platelet activation marker, β-thromboglobulin (P-TG), it was found that the TSP concentration inei eased exponentially as the plasma β-TG level rose. A positive correlation between plasma levels of plasma TSP and serum fibrin degradation products was also observed. The results suggest that platelets are the primary source of plasma TSP in patients with various vasculitis and that plasma TSP can be a better indicator than β-TG to assess intravascular platelet activation due to its longer circulation half life.

Comparative Study of Intranasal, Subcutaneous and Intravenous Administration of Desamino-D-Arginine Vasopressin (DDAVP)

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (01) ◽  
pp. 108-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Köhler ◽  
P Hellstern ◽  
C Miyashita ◽  
G von Blohn ◽  
E Wenzel
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Von Willebrand Factor ◽  
Factor Xii ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Willebrand Factor ◽  
Factor Antigen

SummaryThis study was performed to evaluate the influence of different routes of administration on the efficacy of DDAVP treatment. Ten healthy volunteers received DDAVP intranasally (i.n.), subcutaneously (s.c.) and intravenously (i.v.) in a randomized cross-over trial. Factor XII and high molecular weight (HMW)-kininogen levels increased only slightly after DDAVP administration. The mean increase of factor VIII: C was 3.1 (i. v.), 2.3 (s. c.), and 1.3 (i.n.) - fold over baseline. Ristocetin cofactor (von Willebrand factor antigen) increased 3.1 (2.5), 2.0 (2.3) and 1.2 (1.2) - fold over baseline mean values after i.v., s.c. and i.n. DDAVP, respectively. The half-disappearance time of factor VIII and von Willebrand factor (vWF) after DDAVP ranged from five (factor VIII: C) to eight hours (vWF). The mean increase of fibrinolytic activity was more pronounced after i.v. DDAVP. The antidiuretic effect was moderate with no apparent differences between the routes of application. This study provides further evidence that both i.v. and s.c. DDAVP administration result in an appropriate and reliable stimulation of haemostasis. An additional advantage of s. c. administration is its suitability for home treatment.

Comparative Study of effectiveness of mobilization with movement (MWM) and End range mobilization (ERM) techniques in frozen shoulder

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-522
Author(s):  
Jeyakumar S ◽  
Jagatheesan Alagesan ◽  
T.S. Muthukumar
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Frozen Shoulder ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Background: Frozen shoulder is disorder of the connective tissue that limits the normal Range of motion of the shoulder in diabetes, frozen shoulder is thought to be caused by changes to the collagen in the shoulder joint as a result of long term Hypoglycemia. Mobilization is a therapeutic movement of the joint. The goal is to restore normal joint motion and rhythm. The use of mobilization with movement for peripheral joints was developed by mulligan. This technique combines a sustained application of manual technique “gliding” force to the joint with concurrent physiologic motion of joint, either actively or passively. This study aims to find out the effects of mobilization with movement and end range mobilization in frozen shoulder in Type I diabetics. Materials and Methods: 30 subjects both male and female, suffering with shoulder pain and clinically diagnosed with frozen shoulder was recruited for the study and divided into two groups with 15 patients each based on convenient sampling method. Group A patients received mobilization with movement and Group B patients received end range mobilization for three weeks. The outcome measurements were SPADI, Functional hand to back scale, abduction range of motion using goniometer and VAS. Results: The mean values of all parameters showed significant differences in group A as compared to group B in terms of decreased pain, increased abduction range and other outcome measures. Conclusion: Based on the results it has been concluded that treating the type 1 diabetic patient with frozen shoulder, mobilization with movement exercise shows better results than end range mobilization in reducing pain and increase functional activities and mobility in frozen shoulder.

A COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS FOR MEASUREMENT OF ALDOSTERONE SECRETION RATE IN MAN

1966 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lund-Johansen ◽  
T. Thorsen ◽  
K. F. Støa
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Aldosterone Secretion ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Derivative Method ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT A comparison has been made between (A), a relatively simple method for the measurement of aldosterone secretion rate, based on paper chromatography and direct densitometry of the aldosterone spot and (B) a more elaborate isotope derivative method. The mean secretion rate in 9 normal subjects was 112 ± 26 μg per 24 hours (method A) and 135 ± 35 μg per 24 hours (method B). The »secretion rate« in one adrenalectomized subject after the intravenous injection of 250 μg of aldosterone was 230 μg per 24 hours (method A) and 294 μg per 24 hours (method B). There was no significant difference in the mean values, and correlation between the two methods was good (r = 0.80). It is concluded that the densitometric method is suitable for clinical purposes as well as research, being more rapid and less expensive than the isotope derivative method. Method A also measures the urinary excretion of the aldosterone 3-oxo-conjugate, which is of interest in many pathological conditions. The densitometric method is obviously the less sensitive and a prerequisite for its use is an aldosterone secretion of 20—30 μg per 24 hours. Lower values are, however, rare in adults.

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