scholarly journals EFEITO DA GRAMATURA SOBRE A RESISTÊNCIA AO CISALHAMENTO DA LINHA DE COLA DE DUAS MADEIRAS TROPICAIS: SERU (Allantoma lineata) E MARUPÁ (Simarouba amara)

FLORESTA ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane Moreira Tavares dos Santos ◽  
Cláudio Henrique Soares Del Menezzi
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Spread Rate ◽  
Design Code ◽  
Shear Tests ◽  
Direct Tension ◽  
Glued Laminated Timber ◽  
Wood Bonding ◽  
The Press ◽  
Tropical Woods

Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal estudar a influência da gramatura do adesivo resorcinol-formaldeído na união de peças de madeira, visando à produção de madeira laminada colada (MLC) de duas espécies, seru (Allantoma lineata) e marupá (Simarouba amara), e da mistura entre elas. Foram realizados testes de cisalhamento na linha de cola conforme a NBR 7190 (1997), bem como foi calculada a percentagem de falha na madeira para as duas espécies e para dois tipos de mistura entre elas nas gramaturas 200, 300 e 400 g.m-², além de testes de cisalhamento longitudinal das madeiras sólidas. As espécies e misturas se correlacionam com a gramatura através de um modelo quadrático, no qual a maior resistência foi obtida próximo à gramatura de 300 g.m-2, não sendo significativo ao nível de 5% de probabilidade apenas para a mistura na qual a madeira de seru recebeu o esforço direto da prensa. Os resultados mostraram que a ligação adesivo-madeira foi mais eficiente para a espécie marupá, de baixa densidade. Entretanto, a maior média de resistência ao cisalhamento (9,46 MPa) foi obtida para a colagem da espécie seru. Para ambas as espécies, as gramaturas 300 e 400 g.m-2 atingiram o requisito da NBR 7190, que estabelece que a eficiência do adesivo deve ser superior a 90%. Os resultados indicaram a possibilidade de mistura de ambas as espécies. Palavras-chave: Madeira laminada colada; gramatura; Allantoma lineata; Simarouba amara.   Abstract Effect of the spread rate on glue shear strength of two tropical hardwoods: seru (Allantoma lineata) and marupá (Simarouba amara). This study aimed at studying the effect of the glue spread rate on bonding strength of two tropical woods: Seru (Allantoma lineata) and Marupá (Simarouba amara). All the shear tests were acomplished according to the Brazilian Design Code NBR 7190 (ABNT, 1997), for each specie and on two kinds of mixtures of these species. For both species they were also done tests to verify the parallel shear strength in solid woods. Using these tests, they were determined the shear strength and the percentage of wood failure for each specie and for their mixtures, using the followings amounts of glue: 200, 300 and 400 g.m-2. Afterwards, the best statistic obtained model, relating the amounts of glue to the woods cited above, was the quadratic model. The best shear strength was obtained around 300 g.m-2 and was considered not significant at the level of 5% of probability only for a unique kind of mixture, where Seru receives direct tension of the press machine. The highest shear strength average, 9,46 MPa, was obtained for the Seru wood bonding junction. For both species the amounts of glue 300 and 400 g.m-2 met the NBR 7190 requirement, which states that the efficiency of the adhesive strength must be above 90% in comparison to the solid wood.Keywords: Glued-laminated timber; glue amount; Allantoma lineate; Simarouba amara.

Punch-shear tests and size effects for evaluating the shear strength of machinable ceramics

2004 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 372-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwang Bao ◽  
Haibin Zhang ◽  
Yanchun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Shear Tests

scholarly journals Chitosan-Based Adhesive: Optimization of Tensile Shear Strength in Dry and Wet Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-120
Author(s):  
Maisa Abdelmoula ◽  
Hajer Ben Hlima ◽  
Frédéric Michalet ◽  
Gérard Bourduche ◽  
Jean-Yves Chavant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Tensile Shear Strength ◽  
Tensile Shear ◽  
Spread Rate ◽  
Assembly Time ◽  
Deacetylation Degree ◽  
Dry And Wet Conditions

Commercial adhesives present a high bond strength and water resistance, but they are considered non-healthier products. Chitosan can be considered as an interesting biosourced and biodegradable alternative, despite its low water resistance. Here, its wood bonding implementation and its tensile shear strength in dry and wet conditions were investigated depending on its structural characteristics. Firstly, the spread rate, open assembly time, drying pressure, drying temperature, and drying time have been determined for two chitosans of European pine double lap specimens. An adhesive solution spread rate of 1000 g·m−2, an open assembly time of 10 min, and a pressure temperature of 55 °C for 105 min led to a bond strength of 2.82 MPa. Secondly, a comparison between a high molecular weight/low deacetylation degree chitosan and a lower molecular weight/higher deacetylation degree chitosan was conducted. Tests were conducted with beech simple lap specimens in accordance with the implementation conditions and the conditioning treatments in wet and dry environments required for thermoplastic wood adhesive standards used in non-structural applications (EN 204 and EN 205). The results clearly revealed the dependence of adhesive properties and water resistance on the structural features of chitosans (molecular weight and deacetylation degree), explaining the heterogeneity of results published notably in this field.

scholarly journals The Shear Strength Characteristics of Frozen Coarse Granular Debris

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (106) ◽  
pp. 348-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.G. Nickling ◽  
L. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Strength Characteristics ◽  
Shear Tests ◽  
Critical Limit ◽  
Load Rate ◽  
Polycrystalline Ice ◽  
Saturated Sample ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ice Content

AbstractThe effect of ice content and normal load on the shear strength characteristics of a frozen coarse granular debris was investigated. 31 shear tests were carried out in a modified shearbox allowing a sample temperature of (–1.0 ± 0.2)° C and a load rate of 9.63 × 10−4 cm/min. The tests showed that as the ice content of the frozen debris was increased from 0% (under-saturated) to 25% (saturated), sample shear strength was markedly increased. In contrast, sample shear strength was reduced as ice content was increased from 25% (saturated) to 100% (supersaturated). The changes in shear strength with increasing ice content were attributed directly to changes in internal friction and the cohesive effects of the pore ice. The shear tests also indicate that shear strength increases with increasing normal load up to a critical limit. Above this limit, dilatancy is suppressed causing the shear strength to decrease or remain relatively constant with increased normal load.The stress-strain curves of the 31 tests indicated that samples with higher ice contents tended to reach peak strength (τP) with less displacement during shear. Moreover, the difference between τp and τr (residual strength) was lowest for pure polycrystalline ice and highest for ice-saturated samples. The Mohr-Coulomb failure envelopes displayed very distinctive parabolic curvilinearity. The degree of curvature is thought to be a function of ice creep at low normal loads and particle fracture and crushing at high normal loads.

The quality of the wood bonding depending on the method of applying the selected thermoplastic biopolymers

2021 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Aneta Gumowska ◽  
Grzegorz Kowaluk
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Wood Bonding ◽  
Research Show

The quality of the wood bonding depending on the method of applying the selected thermoplastic biopolymers. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of the method of applying the biopolymer on the surface of bonding solid wood elements on the quality of the obtained adhesive connection. The results of conducted mechanical research show that the highest average value of shear strength was observed for birch lamellas bonded with PLA, both with the first and second method of application. In case of estimating the quality of the bonding of wooden elements, better results were achieved for PLA and the second method of application the "green" adhesive.

scholarly journals An Experimental Study on a Composite Bonding Structure for Steel Bridge Deck Pavements

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Xiaoguang Zheng ◽  
Qi Ren ◽  
Huan Xiong ◽  
Xiaoming Song
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Bonding Strength ◽  
Bridge Deck ◽  
Steel Bridge ◽  
Shear Tests ◽  
Bonding Structure ◽  
Asphalt Overlay ◽  
Strength Tests

As one of the major contributors to the early failures of steel bridge deck pavements, the bonding between steel and asphalt overlay has long been a troublesome issue. In this paper, a novel composite bonding structure was introduced consisting of epoxy resin micaceous iron oxide (EMIO) primer, solvent-free epoxy resin waterproof layer, and ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) hot melt pellets. A series of strength tests were performed to study its mechanical properties, including pull-off strength tests, dumbbell tensile tests, lap shear tests, direct tension tests, and 45°-inclined shear tests. The results suggested that the bonding structure exhibited fair bonding strength, tensile strength, and shear strength. Anisotropic behaviour was also observed at high temperatures. For epoxy resin waterproof layer, the loss of bonding strength, tensile strength, and shear strength at 60°C was 70%, 35%, and 39%, respectively. Subsequent pavement performance-oriented tests included five-point bending tests and accelerated wheel tracking tests. The impacts of bonding on fatigue resistance and rutting propagation were studied. It was found that the proposed bonding structure could provide a durable and well-bonded interface and was thus beneficial to prolong the fatigue lives of asphalt overlay. The choice of bonding materials was found irrelevant to the ultimate rutting depth of pavements. But the bonding combination of epoxy resin waterproof and EVA pellets could delay the early-stage rutting propagation.

Multi-objective Optimization of UV Spot Curing Technique of Slider - Suspension Attachment Process Using Response Surface Methodology Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santi Pumkrachang
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Epoxy Adhesive ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Uv Curable ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Validation Experiment ◽  
Cure Time

The ultraviolet (UV) curing of slider-suspension attachment is going to change from a manual to an automated process. As a result, the bonding parameters of adhesive between slider and suspension needs to be optimized. This paper aims to study two output responses of the UV curable epoxy adhesive i.e., shear strength force and pitch static attitude (PSA) of the joint between slider and suspension in a head gimbal assembly (HGA). Four process parameters were investigated using response surface methodology (RSM) based on face-centered central composite design (FCCD). The RSM was applied to establish a mathematical model to correlate the significance of process parameters and the responses. Then the based multi-objective was applied to determine a quadratic model and obtained the output maximization at 224 g of shear strength force and PSA value close to the target at 1.8 degrees. The input process parameters were optimized at 0.7 s of UV bottom cure time, 120 °C of UV dual side temperature, 5.0 s of UV dual side cure time, and 230 μm of adhesive dot size. The validation experiment showed a prediction response error of less than 7% of the actual value.

scholarly journals A Comparison between Interlaminar and In-plane Shear Strength of Unidirectional Glass Fibre-epoxy

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 096369359400300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Wisnom ◽  
M. I. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Glass Fibre ◽  
Shear Tests ◽  
Plane Shear ◽  
Short Beam ◽  
Unidirectional Glass ◽  
Beam Shear

Short beam shear tests have been carried out on square cross-section specimens cut from a 32 ply plate. By rotating the beams through 90° both interlaminar and in-plane strength can be measured with identical specimens. The in-plane shear strength was found to be at least 10% higher than the interlaminar strength.

scholarly journals Using Post-Harvest Waste to Improve Shearing Behaviour of Loess and Its Validation by Multiscale Direct Shear Tests

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 5206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Chieh Cheng ◽  
Zhong-Fei Xue ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Jian Xu
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Strain Hardening ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Direct Shear ◽  
Shear Tests ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Direct Shear Tests

Loess and PHW (post-harvest waste) are easily accessible in the Chinese Loess Plateau and have been widely applied to construction of residential houses that have been inhabited for decades under the effect of freeze-thaw cycles. Although many researchers have recognised that the addition of fibers to loess soil is effective in preventing soil erosion and stabilising slopes, a consensus on this claim has not been reached yet. This study investigates the shearing behaviour of the loess-PHW mixture using small-scale and large-scale direct shear (SSDS and LSDS) tests. Four typical shear stress versus horizontal displacement curves from the multiscale direct shear tests are recognised where one is featured with strain-softening shape and the other three with a strain-hardening shape. Two out of the three curves with strain-hardening shape show a gradual increase in the shear stress at additional and larger displacements, respectively, in which some factor starts to have an influence on the shearing behaviour. Comparisons of the shear strength measured in SSDS and LSDS are made, indicating that there are differences between SSDS and LSDS. The effect of PHW addition on shear strength is assessed in order to determine the optimal dosage. The improvement of shear strength is attributed to the effect of particle inter-locking, resulting from the addition of PHW to loess specimens, and takes effect as the water content surpassed a threshold, i.e., >14%, that facilitates particle rearrangement. Particle-box interaction behaviour is assessed at the same time, and the findings satisfactorily address the main cause of the gradual increase in shear stress following the curve inflection point. The improved shearing behaviour proves the ability of the loess-PHW mixture to resist the seepage force and consequently stratum erosion.

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