scholarly journals Molecular and phylogenic identifications of potential herbicide degrading microorganisms from contaminated farmland in Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Makwin Makut ◽  
◽  
Murtala Zaharadeen Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fusarium Redolens ◽  
Microbial Strains ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Enterobacter Asburiae ◽  
Continuous Use ◽  
Close Relatedness ◽  
Degrading Microorganism

Background: Over the past years, the continuous use of herbicides has raised increasing concern mainly due to their massive pollution of the environment. To address this problem, the herbicide-degrading microorganism might be very promising. Method: In the present study, a total of twenty (20) soil samples were collected, bacteria and fungi were isolated from the soil and identified using standard microbiological and molecular studies. Results: The results revealed that a total of 2 bacterial (Enterobacter asburiae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and 2 fungi (Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium redolens) strains were isolated from the soil samples collected from herbicide contaminated soil in Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The E. asburiae and P. aeruginosa had 75.0%, and 100% occurrence while the fungi isolates including the A. flavus and F. redolens had 75.0%, and 100% occurrence respectively. The 16S rDNA and ITS1F analysis confirmed the identity of the bacteria and fungi genus. Phylogenetic analysis suggested the bacteria strains were closely related to Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain CIFRI DTSB1 and Enterobacter sp revealed a close relatedness with Enterobacter asburiae RD-DAROS-04 strain, whereas, the fungi strain revealed a closely relatedness of Fusarium redolens strainTIST190421511. Conclusion: In conclusion, the microbial strains including Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain CIFRI DTSB1, Entrobacter asburiae RD-DAROS-04, and Fusarium redolens strainTIST190421511 were the major microbial habitant of pesticide-contaminated farmland in Keffi, and thus represent the herbicide degrading microorganism in this region. Further studies on the herbicide degrading properties of these microbial strains are underway.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the efficacy and optimization of indigenous microbial isolate for herbicides (Paraquat Dichloride, Glyphosate, and Glyphosate isopropylamine) degradation

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Zaharadeen Murtala Ibrahim ◽  
Makwin Danladi Makut ◽  
Abdullahi Ari Omale ◽  
Magaji Umar Abubakar
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Fusarium Redolens ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Enterobacter Asburiae

The presence of herbicides in soil is a serious problem for the environment. Studies on degradation of Herbicide (Paraquate dichloride (PD), Rake out (RO) and Gobara (GB)) by bacteria and fungi species isolated from soil environment in Keffi Metropolis Nigeria were carried out. A total of twenty (20) soil samples were collected. The bacteria and fungi were isolated from the soil and identified using standard microbiological methods. The herbicides utilization was determined using Atomic Adsorption Spectrometer. The effect of temperature on utilization of the herbicides by Enterobacter asburiae at 26OC ranges from 1.23±0.11 mg/ml for PD, 1.14±0.29 mg/ml for RO and 0.53±0.86mg/ml for GB, Pseudomonas aeruginosa utilization ranges from 1.45±0.17 mg/ml for PD, 1.17±0.35 mg/ml, for RO 1.12± 0.82mg/ml for GB. Aspergillus flavus ranges from 2.12±0.19 mg/ml for PD, 2.00±0.03 mg/ml for RO and 2.02±0.57 mg/ml for GB, Fusarium redolens were 2.19±0.26 mg/ml for PD, 2.15±0.08 mg/ml for RO and 1.92±0.16 mg/ml for GB. Effect of incubation time on microbial herbicides degradations: for E. asburiae on PD it ranges from day 1 with 0.24±0.37 mg/ml to day 20 with 2.06±0.11 mg/ml. for P. aeruginosa on PD ranges from day 1 with 0.38±0.08 mg/ml to day 20 with 2.39±1.45 mg/ml. The Utilization of herbicides by A. flavus on PD ranges from day 1 with 0.10±0.01 mg/ml to day 20 with 2.29±0.12 mg/ml. for F. redolens in PD, it ranges from day 1 with 0.27±0.08 mg/ml to day 20 with 2.57±0.27mg/ml. The process of degradation of herbicide has become very attractive as it allows for removal of herbicide over a relatively broad range of pH and temperature

scholarly journals Bioactive Compounds Isolated from Marine-Derived Microbes in China: 2009–2018

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiwei Sun ◽  
Wenhui Wu ◽  
Xueling Liu ◽  
Diana A. Zaleta-Pinet ◽  
Benjamin R. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Strong Focus ◽  
Microbial Strains ◽  
To Come ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Microbial Natural Products

This review outlines the research that was carried out regarding the isolation of bioactive compounds from marine-derived bacteria and fungi by China-based research groups from 2009–2018, with 897 publications being surveyed. Endophytic organisms featured heavily, with endophytes from mangroves, marine invertebrates, and marine algae making up more than 60% of the microbial strains investigated. There was also a strong focus on fungi as a source of active compounds, with 80% of publications focusing on this area. The rapid increase in the number of publications in the field is perhaps most notable, which have increased more than sevenfold over the past decade, and suggests that China-based researchers will play a major role in marine microbial natural products drug discovery in years to come.

Isolation, Detection and Estimation of Various Amylase Producing Bacteria in Various Soil Samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 08 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Amin Mir ◽  
Mohammad Waqar Ashraf ◽  
Altaf Hussain ◽  
Bilal Ahmad Mir
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Microbial Strains ◽  
Litmus Test ◽  
Micro Organisms

Background: Soil is an ultimate source of all types of nutrients, which have both biological and non-biological importance. Studies are being carried out to isolate various types of micro-organisms from soil which have much more importance. So in the present study, amylase producing bacteria have been isolated from various soil samples. Aim: The isolation, identification, and estimation of various microbial strains for α-amylase enzyme production and then the inhibition of the growth of these microbial stains. Methods: The bacterial strains were isolated and then identified by various microbiological methods, including Gram’s staining method followed by several biochemical methods such as, litmus test, Gelatin test and Urea agar media and by viable cells. Results: Altogether, three microbial strains were identified from the soil samples in the concerned study. The concerned strains include- Shigella, Proteus and Bacillus, respectively. The concerned microbial strains were then analyzed for the amount of amylase enzyme and it had been found that Bacillus sp produces much more amount of amylase followed by Shigella sp, and lesser amylase enzyme producing activity was found in Proteus sp. The isolated bacteria were then analysed for inhibition of their growth by water and ethanolic extracts of Cuminum cyminuni. Among the extracts, it had been found that water extracts exhibited more inhibiting capacity than the ethanolic extracts. The study also revealed that among the bacterial strains, the Shigella sp got much more affected by the concerned plant extracts followed by Proteus sp and least inhibition was observed against the Bacillus sp. Conclusion: As per the above study, it is being concluded that - three amylase producing bacteria viz Shigella, proteus, bacillus sp were isolated from the soil samples. These isolated microbial strains could be used for the decomposition of cholesterol levels in human in addition to other microbial activity. These isolated bacterial could sometimes be averse therefore their growth could be stopped by various biological and chemical substances like Gentamicin and by various Plant extracts viz, Cuminum cyminuni Plant.

scholarly journals Advancing understanding and identifying strategies for sustaining evidence-based practices: a review of reviews

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Birken ◽  
Emily R. Haines ◽  
Soohyun Hwang ◽  
David A. Chambers ◽  
Alicia C. Bunger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theory Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
The Past ◽  
Review Of Reviews ◽  
Conceptual Relationships ◽  
Continuous Use ◽  
Cast Analysis

Abstract Background Implementation science has focused mainly on the initial uptake and use of evidence-based practices (EBPs), with less attention to sustainment—i.e., continuous use of these practices, as intended, over time in ongoing operations, often involving adaptation to dynamic contexts. Declining EBP use following implementation is well-documented yet poorly understood. Using theories, models, and frameworks (TMFs) to conceptualize sustainment could advance understanding. We consolidated knowledge from published reviews of sustainment studies to identify TMFs with the potential to conceptualize sustainment, evaluate past uses of TMFs in sustainment studies, and assess the TMFs’ potential contribution to developing sustainment strategies. Methods We drew upon reviews of sustainment studies published within the past 10 years, evaluated the frequency with which included articles used a TMF for conceptualizing sustainment, and evaluated the relevance of TMFs to sustainment research using the Theory, Model, and Framework Comparison and Selection Tool (T-CaST). Specifically, we examined whether the TMFs were familiar to researchers, hypothesized relationships among constructs, provided a face-valid explanation of relationships, and included sustainment as an outcome. Findings Nine sustainment reviews referenced 648 studies; these studies cited 76 unique TMFs. Only 28 TMFs were used in more than one study. Of the 19 TMFs that met the criteria for T-CaST analysis, six TMFs explicitly included sustainment as the outcome of interest, 12 offered face-valid explanations of proposed conceptual relationships, and six identified mechanisms underlying relationships between included constructs and sustainment. Only 11 TMFs performed adequately with respect to all these criteria. Conclusions We identified 76 TMFs that have been used in sustainment studies. Of these, most were only used once, contributing to a fractured understanding of sustainment. Improved reporting and use of TMFs may improve understanding of this critical topic. Of the more consistently used TMFs, few proposed face-valid relationships between included constructs and sustainment, limiting their ability to advance our understanding and identify potential sustainment strategies. Future research is needed to explore the TMFs that we identified as potentially relevant, as well as TMFs not identified in our study that nonetheless have the potential to advance our understanding of sustainment and identification of strategies for sustaining EBP use.

scholarly journals Global trends of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm research in the past two decades: A bibliometric study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1102-1112
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Zhu ◽  
Jiao Jiao Li ◽  
Jian Reng ◽  
Siyang Wang ◽  
Ruiqing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bibliometric Study ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The Past

scholarly journals Comparison of Depth Profiles of 129I and 14C Concentration in the Surface Layer of Soils Collected from Northeastern Japan

Radiocarbon ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 1487-1497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Matsuzaki ◽  
Yoko Sunohara Tsuchiya ◽  
Yasuyuki Muramatsu ◽  
Yuji Maejima ◽  
Yosuke Miyairi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Migration Process ◽  
Depth Profiles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Shimokita Peninsula ◽  
Northeastern Japan ◽  
C Value ◽  
Iodine Transfer

129I/127I and 14C/12C depth profiles were compared for the surface 30-cm layer of soil samples (Andisols) collected from Shimokita Peninsula, northeastern Japan, in November 2005. The 129I/127I and 14C/12C profiles have a clear correlation, even taking into account that the data include samples collected from different sites with different surface histories. These results, and considering that 14C/12C can be regarded as a proxy of the original depth in stable soil, show the diversity of the 129I/127I ratio at the surface among the sites, indicating variations in the thicknesses of the layers recently removed. At one of the sampling sites (P003-1), the Δ14C value measures ∼110‰ near the surface, which is indicative of anthropogenic 14C produced by atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons during the late 1950s and early 1960s. This site has experienced no disturbances for at least the past 50 yr. The relatively high activity of 129I (0.8 mBq/kg) and the 129I/127I ratio (7 x 10–9) observed at the top layer of this site can be considered a “representative value” when considering the anthropogenic iodine transfer from the atmosphere to the ground. The observations also support 2 separate modes of 129I migration in the soil: i.e. “topmost quick diffusion” and “subsurface relatively slow migration process.” Even in the “subsurface relatively slow migration zone,” the 129I/127I ratio was still orders higher than the pre-anthropogenic natural level.

Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Enterobacter asburiae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as producers of rhamnolipids

2014 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. S119-S120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alena Cejkova ◽  
Olga Schreiberova ◽  
Richard Jezdik ◽  
Josef Chudoba ◽  
Vladimir Jirku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus ◽  
Enterobacter Asburiae

scholarly journals Co-Occurring Anammox, Denitrification, and Codenitrification in Agricultural Soils

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Long ◽  
Joshua Heitman ◽  
Craig Tobias ◽  
Rebecca Philips ◽  
Bongkeun Song
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Incubation ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The North ◽  
Incubation Experiments ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Isotope Analyses

ABSTRACTAnammox and denitrification mediated by bacteria are known to be the major microbial processes converting fixed N to N2gas in various ecosystems. Codenitrification and denitrification by fungi are additional pathways producing N2in soils. However, fungal codenitrification and denitrification have not been well investigated in agricultural soils. To evaluate bacterial and fungal processes contributing to N2production, molecular and15N isotope analyses were conducted with soil samples collected at six different agricultural fields in the United States. Denitrifying and anammox bacterial abundances were measured based on quantitative PCR (qPCR) of nitrous oxide reductase (nosZ) and hydrazine oxidase (hzo) genes, respectively, while the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ofFusarium oxysporumwas quantified to estimate the abundance of codenitrifying and denitrifying fungi.15N tracer incubation experiments with15NO3−or15NH4+addition were conducted to measure the N2production rates from anammox, denitrification, and codenitrification. Soil incubation experiments with antibiotic treatments were also used to differentiate between fungal and bacterial N2production rates in soil samples. Denitrifying bacteria were found to be the most abundant, followed byF. oxysporumbased on the qPCR assays. The potential denitrification rates by bacteria and fungi ranged from 4.118 to 42.121 nmol N2-N g−1day−1, while the combined potential rates of anammox and codenitrification ranged from 2.796 to 147.711 nmol N2-N g−1day−1. Soil incubation experiments with antibiotics indicated that fungal codenitrification was the primary process contributing to N2production in the North Carolina soil. This study clearly demonstrates the importance of fungal processes in the agricultural N cycle.

Using 137Cs to investigate net soil erosion at two soil benchmark sites in Quebec

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Z. Cao ◽  
D. R. Coote ◽  
C. Wang ◽  
M. C. Nolin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Grid Pattern ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Soil Erosion Rates ◽  
Small Grains

137Cs in the soil was used to estimate soil erosion at two National Soil Conservation Program benchmark sites in the province of Quebec (sites 15-QU and 16-QU). The 137Cs baseline in an uneroded forest area was approximately 3100 Bq m−2. The 137Cs content at site 15-QU ranged from 1072 Bq m−2 to 6389 Bq m−2, while at site 16-QU it ranged from 663 Bq m−2 to 5444 Bq m−2. Computed net erosion over the past 30 yr at site 15-QU varied from a loss of 9.65 kg m−2 yr−1 to a gain of 10.88 kg m−2 yr−1 and at site 16-QU from a loss of 6.38 kg m−2 yr−1 to a gain of 1.73 kg m−2 yr−1. The average net erosion rates were 2.43 kg m−2 yr−1 at site 15-QU and 1.29 kg m−2 yr−1 at site 16-QU. Soil samples collected on a grid pattern indicated that 90% and 83% of the area at sites 15-QU and 16-QU, respectively, was subjected to net soil loss. A comparison of total 137Cs movement from eroded areas to depositional areas showed that 24.2% of 137Cs was lost from site 15-QU, while about 17.6% of 137Cs was lost from site 16-QU. Mapping of 137Cs content and calculated soil loss and deposition showed that soil erosion was closely related to topography.Under similar slope conditions, the soil erosion rates were 27–68% higher at site 15-QU than at site 16-QU. Higher tillage frequency and use of silage corn were the suggested reasons for the higher soil erosion rates at site 15-QU compared with site 16-QU, which had been used for hay and small grains. Key words: 137Cs, erosion, deposition, soil conservation

Partial segregation of bacteria and isolation of Pythium from the coarser soil fractions.

1954 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 702 ◽  
Author(s):  
HR Angell
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Australian Capital Territory ◽  
Fungal Population ◽  
Australian Capital ◽  
Supernatant Liquid ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Soil collected in the Australian Capital Territory was divided into fractions by sieving and subsequent deposition from aqueous suspensions. The greater proportion of the Pythium, and indeed the fungal population, was found, by plating, to be concentrated in the coarser portion of the soil, most of the bacterial population being in the colloidal part. After deposition of the colloids for 4 weeks, and with them the bacteria, a mean of less than one bacterium was plated per ml of supernatant liquid. The separation of bacteria and fungi facilitated the isolation of Pythium. The Pythium population of the surface soil was about 1000 per g. The mean number of isolates of Pythium in 11 other surface soil samples was 1.7 per mg using the fraction sedimenting from an aqueous suspension in 5 min. In similar fractions of soil taken at 18 and 24 in. below the surface the number of Pythium isolates was 3 per 10 mg.

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