scholarly journals condición tecno-ecológica. Heidegger ante los nuevos post-humanismos

Sílex ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Y. Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Martin Heidegger ◽  
Scientific Context ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hubert Dreyfus

Muchas de las reflexiones contemporáneas sobre ecología parten del cuestionamiento de la excepcionalidad del ser humano. Se busca de esta manera el distanciamiento de todo antropocentrismo y, en consecuencia, un marco conceptual ―post-humanista‖. El rol de Martin Heidegger en la búsqueda de alternativas al humanismo es reconocido, particularmente, por su rechazo al ―antropocentrismo‖ de Sartre. Sin embargo, mientras muchos post-humanismos ven en la tecnología un factor positivo en el descentramiento de lo humano, son conocidas las críticas heideggerianas a la técnica y su comprensión de ésta como parte del mismo movimiento metafísico (y antropocéntrico) moderno. En lugar de tomar en cuenta sus textos sobre la técnica, en este artículo se explora la relación de Heidegger con los post- humanismos contemporáneos a partir de la analítica existencial del Dasein. En primer lugar, se considera la situación tecnocientífica actual, siguiendo a autores como Wiener, Haraway y Latour. En segundo lugar, se evalúa la relación entre Dasein, cíborg y animal, a partir de las lecturas heideggerianas de Hubert Dreyfus (What Computers Can’t Do) y Steven Crowell (We Have Never Been Animals). Much of the contemporary thought about ecology begins with the questioning of the human exceptionality. By means of this, anthropocentrism is rejected and replaced by a ―post-humanist‖ framework. In this context, Martin Heidegger‘s oeuvre is credited for its search of alternatives to humanism, particularly because of its rejection of Sartre‘s ―anthropocentrism‖. However, while post- humanisms tend to behold the role of technology positively, Heidegger‘s critiques to the technique as a consequence of the same metaphysical and anthropocentric movement are widely known. Instead of considering the common Heideggerian texts about technique, in this paper I explore the relationship between Heidegger and contemporary post-humanisms from the perspective of his existential analytic. In the first place, I will briefly describe the contemporary techno-scientific context, following the insights of Wiener, Haraway and Latour. In the second place, I will consider the relationship between Dasein, cyborgs and animals, discussing the Heideggerian interpretations of Hubert Dreyfus (What Computers Can’t Do) and Steven Crowell (We Have Never Been Animals).

scholarly journals condición tecno-ecológica. Heidegger ante los nuevos post-humanismos

Sílex ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Y. Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Martin Heidegger ◽  
Scientific Context ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hubert Dreyfus

Muchas de las reflexiones contemporáneas sobre ecología parten del cuestionamiento de la excepcionalidad del ser humano. Se busca de esta manera el distanciamiento de todo antropocentrismo y, en consecuencia, un marco conceptual ―post-humanista‖. El rol de Martin Heidegger en la búsqueda de alternativas al humanismo es reconocido, particularmente, por su rechazo al ―antropocentrismo‖ de Sartre. Sin embargo, mientras muchos post-humanismos ven en la tecnología un factor positivo en el descentramiento de lo humano, son conocidas las críticas heideggerianas a la técnica y su comprensión de ésta como parte del mismo movimiento metafísico (y antropocéntrico) moderno. En lugar de tomar en cuenta sus textos sobre la técnica, en este artículo se explora la relación de Heidegger con los post- humanismos contemporáneos a partir de la analítica existencial del Dasein. En primer lugar, se considera la situación tecnocientífica actual, siguiendo a autores como Wiener, Haraway y Latour. En segundo lugar, se evalúa la relación entre Dasein, cíborg y animal, a partir de las lecturas heideggerianas de Hubert Dreyfus (What Computers Can’t Do) y Steven Crowell (We Have Never Been Animals). Much of the contemporary thought about ecology begins with the questioning of the human exceptionality. By means of this, anthropocentrism is rejected and replaced by a ―post-humanist‖ framework. In this context, Martin Heidegger‘s oeuvre is credited for its search of alternatives to humanism, particularly because of its rejection of Sartre‘s ―anthropocentrism‖. However, while post- humanisms tend to behold the role of technology positively, Heidegger‘s critiques to the technique as a consequence of the same metaphysical and anthropocentric movement are widely known. Instead of considering the common Heideggerian texts about technique, in this paper I explore the relationship between Heidegger and contemporary post-humanisms from the perspective of his existential analytic. In the first place, I will briefly describe the contemporary techno-scientific context, following the insights of Wiener, Haraway and Latour. In the second place, I will consider the relationship between Dasein, cyborgs and animals, discussing the Heideggerian interpretations of Hubert Dreyfus (What Computers Can’t Do) and Steven Crowell (We Have Never Been Animals).

An Examination of the Importance of Strain in the Cannabis Gateway Effect

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 3603-3617 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. McCutcheon ◽  
Stephen J. Watts
Keyword(s):  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
Gateway Theory ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship

Gateway theory has been the source of much debate in both the research literature and public policy. Support for gateway sequencing has been mixed, especially in research that has considered the role of criminological variables in the etiology of substance use. For example, limited prior research has observed as important in gateway sequencing the effects of severe stressors. Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health are utilized to test gateway theory and examine whether severe stressors affect the relationship between frequency of cannabis use and later use of other illicit drugs (OIDs). Findings suggest that while frequency of cannabis use does increase the likelihood of later use of OIDs, this relationship may be the result of the common cause of experiencing severe stress. Implications of the findings are discussed.

The Relationship between Disability Non-Discrimination Law and Quota Schemes

2019 ◽  
pp. 94-117
Author(s):  
Lisa Waddington
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Common ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter explores the relationship between disability quota schemes and non-discrimination law in Europe. While at first sight they seem to sit uneasily beside each other, the chapter reveals how, in some instances, quota schemes can serve to facilitate compliance with non-discrimination legislation. At the same time, the chapter explores seeming incompatibilities between the two approaches and considers whether there are differences between common and civil law jurisdictions in this respect. Tentative conclusions suggest that there is a greater willingness to establish quota schemes through legislation in civil law jurisdictions compared to common law jurisdictions, and that quota schemes in civil law jurisdictions are more likely to provide for the imposition of a levy in the case that employers fail to meet their quota obligations through employing the required number of people with disabilities. There also seems to be some indication that there is greater awareness of the potential for conflict or tension, in various forms, between non-discrimination law and quota schemes in common law jurisdictions than in civil law jurisdictions. Finally, the two schemes operating in the common law states are only applicable to the public sector—whilst in civil law states quotas are generally applied to both public and private sector employers. This may indicate different perceptions regarding the role of public sector employers and the legitimacy of imposing quota requirements.

What's Wrong with Cartels?

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Crowe ◽  
Barbora Jedličková
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Welfare ◽  
Coordination Problem ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Social Coordination ◽  
The Common ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Cartels have a significantly negative impact on economic welfare. Anti-cartel competition law–such as the provisions of pt IV div 1 of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth)–tries to tackle this negative impact through civil and criminal remedies. The prohibition of cartels is most commonly justified on economic grounds. However, reference is also often made to broader moral grounds for proscribing cartels–for example, it is commonly stated that cartels are deceptive, unfair or engaged in a form of cheating. This article advances a unified account of the moral status of cartels that integrates both economic and moral factors. It does so by emphasising the relationship of cartel behaviour to the moral duty to promote the common good. Cartels are wrong because they undermine the role of open and competitive markets as a salient response to an important social coordination problem in a way that leads to seriously harmful economic outcomes. This combination of factors supplies a robust justification for both civil and criminal sanctions in appropriate cases, thereby affording a principled foundation for the current framework of cartel regulation in Australia.

scholarly journals HOW STRICTLY DID THE ATHENIAN COURTS APPLY THE LAW? THE ROLE OF EPIEIKEIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDWARD HARRIS
Keyword(s):  
Common Law ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Nicomachean Ethics ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Law ◽  
Principles Of Justice ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Positivist Approach

Abstract H. Meyer‐Laurin has claimed that the Athenian courts took a stricti iuris approach to the law and did not take extenuating circumstances into account. Other scholars (Mirhady, Todd) have claimed that the courts sometimes ignored the law and took extra‐legal considerations into account, which was called ‘fairness’ (epieikeia). The essay begins with a careful reading of Aristotle's analysis of ‘fairness’ (epieikeia) in the Nicomachean Ethics and the Rhetoric and draws on an important essay by J. Brunschwig. Fairness was not a doctrine that attempted to undermine the authority of the law or placed the law of the city in opposition to the unwritten laws or the common law of mankind. Nor did the application of fairness introduce non‐legal factors into adjudication. Rather, fairness dealt with the problem of treating exceptions to the general rule contained in a specific written law. The essay then shows how litigants used arguments based on fairness and how the courts sometimes took extenuating circumstances into account. When Athenian judges swore to decide according to the laws of Athens, they did not just consider the law under which the accuser had brought his case. They could also take into account general principles of justice implicit in the laws of Athens as a whole. In this way, they avoided a rigid positivist approach to law. Finally, the essay sheds some light on the relationship between Aristotle's Rhetoric and the arguments used in the Athenian courts.

scholarly journals Do Stakeholders Modulate Philanthropic Strategy? Corporate Philanthropy as Stakeholders’ Engagement

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7242
Author(s):  
María Lourdes Arco-Castro ◽  
María Victoria Lopez-Pérez ◽  
Sara Rodriguez-Gomez ◽  
Raquel Garde-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Corporate Philanthropy ◽  
Theoretical Implication ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
The Common ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stakeholder Attitudes ◽  
Practical Implications

Corporate philanthropy, as an expression of commitment to the common good, can contribute to the creation of social value in companies. This corporate philanthropy can be managed in various ways. The choice of how to channel corporate philanthropy could be, in accordance with stakeholder theory, the result of companies’ interactions with key stakeholders and, in accordance with the theory of signaling, a signal that companies use to respond to their demands. This approach contributes to the literature on bottom-up initiatives (stakeholder–managers) as opposed to top-down strategies (board–stakeholders) in relation to corporate social responsibility, which is becoming increasingly important in a society where networks of communication, cooperation and interaction are established. To this end, a study was conducted on 221 European companies indexed in the Dow Jones Sustainability Indices in the year 2018. The findings have several practical implications: The management of corporate philanthropy should take into account the stakeholders’ requirements, and stakeholders show greater affinity and trust with the company when philanthropy is channeled through foundations. By contrast, donations are not associated with stakeholder attitudes. As a theoretical implication, this paper supports the theories of stakeholders and signaling by explaining the role of philanthropy in the relationship with stakeholders.

The role of using fair value on relevance and representation faithfulness of accounting information in accordance with the Common Conceptual Framework (FASB-IASB)

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (12) ◽  
pp. 142-165
Author(s):  
Dr. Nada Kaki Bira ◽  
Layla Naji Majeed Al Fatlawi
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Fair Value Accounting ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
The Common ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The global trend towards the use of fair value accounting is increasing, so the current study aimed to maximize the impact of fair value application on achieving relevance and representation faithfulness of accounting information in accordance with the common conceptual framework. To achieve the objective of this study, the researcher has determined in the theoretical framework the relationship of fair value with the characteristics of relevance and representation faithfulness of accounting information and the extent of achieving these characteristics, as well as conducting a field study by preparing a questionnaire distributed to a sample of academics (50) and auditors (50) with a total number of selected participants (100) of academics and auditors.

Introduction: Reinhabiting the Earth

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
David Wood
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Life Patterns ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Common ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
The Relationship

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the relationship between habit and climate change. It would be hard to overestimate the role of habit in people's lives. At one level, this is all well and good. There are, of course, bad habits, which people try to kick, but people's daily life would collapse without the scaffolding of habit. Still, when one contemplates climate change and the catastrophic future it presages, it is hard not to conclude that “business as usual” simply cannot continue for long. “Business as usual” means the common cloth of people's Western daily lives, their normal practices, in large part consisting of habits—personal, collective, economic, and intellectual. Forms of life, patterns of dwelling, other than the current consumerist model are undoubtedly possible. But whether people can get there from here voluntarily is another matter. If reinhabiting the earth means changing some of people's deep habits, habits reflecting historical sedimentations and congealings, then unearthing the forces in play, seeing how they operate and what is at stake in reconfiguring them, is a historical task to which philosophy can at least contribute. Economists are also central to imagining other economic orders, such as that of degrowth.

Versions of the Common

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Literature And Society ◽  
The Common ◽  
Richard Mulcaster ◽  
The Relationship

The first chapter establishes the double sense of the word ‘common’ as something universal or shared and something base. It defines the terms ‘common’ and ‘commonwealth’ against the related terms ‘public’ and ‘republic’ in the work of Thomas Starkey, Thomas Elyot, Thomas Smith, and Richard Mulcaster. It also explores the significance of the term ‘commonwealth’ in sixteenth-century thinking in order to outline the relationship between literature and society in the period. The chapter ends by pointing to the central role of the common in the relationship between humanism and Protestantism and in the question ‘why is the Renaissance in England so late?’, both of which the rest of the book will address.

‘Congiure contro a uno principe’

2020 ◽  
pp. 212-248
Author(s):  
Marta Celati
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Common People ◽  
Political Perspective ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Comprehensive Treatise ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Century Literature

The final chapter examines the relationship between Machiavelli’s work and fifteenth-century literature on conspiracies. The analysis highlights the role that this humanist literature played in the development of Machiavelli’s complex theorization of conspiracies as a political phenomenon, but it also underlines how, although he was influenced by this background, he also radically departed from it. Machiavelli dealt with this political subject in several sections of his works: in particular in his long chapter Delle congiure in the Discorsi (III, 6), which can be considered a comprehensive treatise on plots; in chapter XIX of Il principe; and in some significant chapters of the Istorie fiorentine, where Machiavelli narrates the conspiracies that took place in Italy in the previous centuries. He was the first author to develop a substantial theorization of political plots and he based it on concrete historical examples drawn from previous narratives and from ancient history. Machiavelli’s analysis of conspiracies shares some key elements with the political perspective underlying fifteenth-century literature on plots: his focus on the figure of the prince as the main target of the conspiracy; the importance assigned to the role of the common people and to the issue of building political consensus; the attention paid to internal enemies and internal matters within the state, rather than to the relationship with foreign political forces; the evolution in the analytical approach regarding tyranny and tyrannicide; the centrality of the notion of crimen laesae maiestatis; the emphasis on the negative political outcome of plots.

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