EUPHEMISM AS A UNIT OF LANGUAGE THAT SHOWS NATIONAL AND MENTAL ORIGINALITY

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Г.К. Сафарова
Keyword(s):  
Language And Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Features ◽  
Cultural Similarity

Мақолада тилнинг социал хусусиятларидан бири бўлган тил бирликларининг эвфемик қўлланиши, эвфемик ҳодисалар, улар ўртасидаги тил ва маданият муштараклиги хусусида сўз боради. Лисоний бирликларни контекст, нутқ вазияти билан боғлаб ўрганишгина уларнинг маъносини тўғри тушунишга тўлиқ имконият яратиши, бу эса социолингвистик билимларнинг заруратини белгилаши таъкидланади. Эвфемизмлардаги маданий ўхшашликлар уларга юкланган вазифаларнинг бир хиллигидан келиб чиқиши қайд этилади. Нутқда эвфемизмлардан фойдаланиш кўп ҳолларда муайян жамиятда белгиланган қадриятлар, этикет нормалари ва ижтимоий маданий нутқий меъёрларга боғлиқ бўлиши ҳақида хулоса берилади. В статье говорится об эвфемическом применении языковых единиц, которые являются одной из социальных особенностей языка, эвфемических явлений, общности языка и культуры между ними. Отмечается, что изучение связи языковых единиц с контекстом, ситуацией речи только дает полную возможность правильно понять их значение, что определяет необходимость социолингвистических знаний. Отмечается, что культурное сходство эвфемизмов проистекает из единообразия поставленных перед ними задач. Делается вывод о том, что употребление эвфемизмов в речи часто зависит от ценностей, сложившихся в том или ином обществе, норм этикета и социокультурных речевых норм. The article deals with the euphemic use of language units, which are one of the social features of the language, euphemic phenomena, the commonality of language and culture between them. It is noted that the study of the connection of language units with the context, the situation of speech only gives a full opportunity to correctly understand their meaning, which determines the need for sociolinguistic knowledge. It is noted that the cultural similarity of euphemisms stems from the uniformity of the tasks assigned to them. It is concluded that the use of euphemisms in speech often depends on the values that have developed in a particular society, the norms of etiquette and socio-cultural speech norms.

Arabic in Modern Hebrew Texts

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Creative Writing ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Population Displacement ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
The Social ◽  
Modern Hebrew

In the late 1950s, Iraqi Jews were either forced or chose to leave Iraq for Israel. Finding it impossible to continue writing in Arabic in Israel, many Iraqi Jewish novelists faced the literary challenge of switching to Hebrew. Focusing on the literary works of the writers Shimon Ballas, Sami Michael and Eli Amir, this book examines their use of their native Iraqi Arabic in their Hebrew works. It examines the influence of Arabic language and culture and explores questions of language, place and belonging from the perspective of sociolinguistics and multilingualism. In addition, the book applies stylistics as a framework to investigate the range of linguistic phenomena that can be found in these exophonic texts, such as code-switching, borrowing, language and translation strategies. This new stylistic framework for analysing exophonic texts offers a future model for the study of other languages. The social and political implications of this dilemma, as it finds expression in creative writing, are also manifold. In an age of mass migration and population displacement, the conflicted loyalties explored in this book through the prism of Arabic and Hebrew are relevant in a range of linguistic contexts.

Pro linhvistychni pokaznyky vzayemodiyi mova – kulʹtura na prykladi analizu polʹsʹko- ukrayinsʹkoho pohranychchya XV-XIXst.

2020 ◽  
pp. 129-148
Author(s):  
Halyna Маtsyuk
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Subject Field ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
Polish Language

The article is devoted to the formation of a linguistic interpretation of the interaction of language and culture of the Polish-Ukrainian border territories. The material for the analysis includes nomic systems of Ukrainian and Polish languages, which are considered as a cultural product of interpersonal and interethnic communication and an element of the language system, as well as invariant scientific theory created in the works of Polish onomastics (according to key theoretical concepts, tradition of analysis, and continuity in linguistic knowledge). The analysis performed in the article allows us to single out the linguistic indicators of the interaction of language and culture typical for the subject field of sociolinguistics. These are connections and concepts: language-territory, language-social strata, language-gender, language-ethnicity, social functions of the Polish language, and non-standardized spelling systems. Linguistic indicators reveal the peculiar mechanisms of the border in the historical memory and collective consciousness, marking the role of languages in these areas as a factor of space and cultural marker and bringing us closer to understanding the social relations of native speakers in the fifteenth-nineteenth centuries.

scholarly journals Indigenous Education and Human Rights

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noam Schimmel
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Indigenous Education ◽  
Cultural Continuity ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
Majority Culture ◽  
Educational Programmes ◽  
The Right

AbstractThe right to an education that is consonant with and draws upon the culture and language of indigenous peoples is a human right which is too often overlooked by governments when they develop and implement programmes whose purported goals are to improve the social, economic and political status of these peoples. Educational programmes for indigenous peoples must fully respect and integrate human rights protections, particularly rights to cultural continuity and integrity. Racist attitudes dominate many government development programmes aimed at indigenous peoples. Educational programmes for indigenous peoples are often designed to forcibly assimilate them and destroy the uniqueness of their language, values, culture and relationship with their native lands. Until indigenous peoples are empowered to develop educational programmes for their own communities that reflect and promote their values and culture, their human rights are likely to remain threatened by governments that use education as a political mechanism for coercing indigenous peoples to adapt to a majority culture that does not recognize their rights, and that seeks to destroy their ability to sustain and pass on to future generations their language and culture.

Austerity against the Homo Sovieticus

Focaal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (59) ◽  
pp. 51-65
Author(s):  
Daiva Repečkait
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Shock Therapy ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Class Background ◽  
The Media ◽  
Economic Shock ◽  
Homo Sovieticus

This article analyzes the public discourse on the riots of 16 January 2009, in Vilnius, when protest against economic shock therapy ended in violent clashes with the police. Politicians and the media were quick to ethnicize the riots, claiming an “involvement of foreign influences” and noting that the rioters had been predominantly “Russian-speaking.” Analyzing electronic and print media, the article identifies a wider tendency, particularly among middle-class Lithuanian youth, of portraying the social class consisting of “losers of the post-soviet transition” as aggressive and primitive Others. A pseudo-ethnicity that combines Rus sian language and culture with lower-class background into a notion of homo sovieticus comes to stand for what is hindering the “clean up” of Lithuania and middleclass aspirations to form a new European identity. As such, the riots serve as a lens that illuminates the way ethnicity is flexibly utilized to shift political loyalties.

scholarly journals THE SPEECH FORM OF PROVERBS AND RIDDLES IN CHISHONA UNDER SIEGE

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
C Rwodzi
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Speech Communication ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
Representative Samples

Proverbs and riddles are representative samples of any African language’s rich tapestry. They form the distilled wisdom of a nation or ethnic group. Proverbs and riddles as parts of speech, form the curriculum of the social traditional higher education for transmission and practice of a nation’s values, beliefs, knowledge system and legislative framework. This article seeks to explore the threats and consequences of language change and development befalling the continued use of proverbs and riddles in everyday human speech communication by the current generation. Technological development, migration across boundaries, social change necessitated by improved infrastructure and communication networks has become agents of language and culture change. The change has perpetuated the gradual disuse of proverbs in modern interactive speech.

scholarly journals Profil Gaya Kognitif Empathizing-Systemizing pada Anak Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Ni Putu Adelia Kesumaningsari
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Autism Spectrum Conditions ◽  
Autism Spectrum Condition ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Features ◽  
Extreme Male Brain ◽  
Empathy Quotient ◽  
Spectrum Condition

Abstract—The present study examined Empathizing-Systemizing Theory (E-S Theory) in Indonesian Children. E-S Theory has known as a theory that is attempted to explain the cluster of both the social and non-social features in autism spectrum conditions. Children’s version of the Empathy Quotient (EQ-C) and the Systemizing Quotient (SQ-C) were administered to 372 Indonesia parents who had typically developed children aged 4-11 years old (boys = 182, girls = 190). The results showed that the girls scored higher that boys on EQ-C . In the case of SQ-C, there were no differences between boys and girls. However, the proportion of cognitive style shows clear individual differences between boys and girls. The proportion of participants with empathizing dominant cognitive sytle was shown higher by girls than boys, which distributed to E and Extreme E brain types, while the proportion of systemizing dominant cognitive styles is higher in boys whom brain types spread across the Type S and Extreme S categories. This study explaining inherited biological factors of autism and  underscore the vulnerability among  boys to develop autism spectrum condition if compared to girls. Keywords: Empathizing Quotient (EQ), extreme male brain of autism, sex, Systemizing Quotient (SQ)   Abstrak—Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji teori Empathizing-Systemizing (E-S Theory) pada konteks anak Indonesia. E-S Theory dikenal sebagai sebuah teori yang digunakan untuk melihat gugus fitur sosial dan non-sosial kondisi spektrum autisme. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 372 orang tua Indonesia dengan anak berusia 4-11 tahun (anak laki-laki = 182, perempuan = 190), M usia = 7 Tahun, SD= 2.423 yang diminta untuk mengisi skala Empathizing Quotient (EQ) dan Systemizing Quotient (SQ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahwa tingkat empati anak perempuan lebih tinggi daripada tingkat empati anak laki-laki. Dalam hal mensistemasi tidak ditemukan adanya perbedaan kemampuan antara anak laki-laki dan perempuan. Namun, proporsi gaya kognitif menunjukkan adanya perbedaan individual yang signifikan antara anak laki-laki dan perempuan. Gaya kognitif dominan berempati lebih tinggi pada anak perempuan, yang tersebar pada kategori tipe otak E dan Ekstrim E, sedangkan proporsi gaya kognitif mensistemasi lebih tinggi pada anak laki-laki dengan tipe otak yang tersebar pada kategori Tipe S dan Ekstrim S.  Hasil penelitian ini memberikan bukti adanya faktor biologis bawaan dari autism ditinjau dari jenis kelamin dan menunjukkan kerentanan bawaan anak laki-laki terhadap kondisi autism jika dibandingkan dengan anak perempuan. Kata kunci: Empathizing Quotient (EQ), extreme male brain of autism, jenis kelamin, Systemizing Quotient (SQ)

MORALITY IN CULTURAL ELEMENTS IN FAIRYTALE AND ITS IMPLICATION IN LEARNING FRENCH AS FOREIGN LANGUAGE

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ninuk Lustyantie
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
Language Behavior ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior

The culture of a society is closely related to the language used by the speakers. Moreover, there are opinions saying that in a language there will be patterns of behavior, materials, ideas (beliefs and knowledge), and sentiments (attitudes and norms) of a society that are formed and exposed. This fact is in accordance with the opinion that a language is more than just a communion; it is the relation between individual and sociocultural values. Among all characteristics of culture, language is the most prominent distinguishing feature, since each social group feel themselves as a different entity from other groups. For certain social groups, language is used as the social identity/symbol. Close relation between language and culture is reflected in words used by the society. A concept or way of life in a society can be supported by words and language. Someone’s language behavior generally follows the culture of a society where he/she lives, including how the cultural elements appear in the equipment of human life, livelihood, social system, language (and literature) system either written or oral, various of arts, knowledge system, and religious system. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis states that there is a close relation between the language used by people and how they understand the world and behave in it. Based on 17th Century French fairytales, this article will review the moral values contained in the cultural elements and the implications in learning French as a foreign language.

Psychiatric diagnosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-120
Author(s):  
Michael Laney ◽  
John Z. Sadler
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽  
Practical Wisdom ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Features ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Medical Morality

Prior discussions of ethics in psychiatric diagnosis have focused on the development of classifications of psychopathology and the social features and implications of the use of psychiatric diagnostic categories. This chapter focuses instead on the ethics and values involved in the conduct of psychiatric diagnostic assessment ethics in the practice of diagnosing in mental health. The authors build an account of ethics of diagnostic practice using virtue epistemology theory, undergirded by Pellegrino’s account of medical morality as helping, healing, caring, and curing. The authors develop a set of diagnostic virtues (receptivity, empathy, inquisitiveness, self-knowledge, rigour, resolve, fallibilism, fecundity, practical wisdom, and faithfulness) and apply them to an illustrative case scenario.

scholarly journals Creating ‘international communities’ in southern Spain: Self-segregation and ‘institutional whiteness’ in Swedish lifestyle migration

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 799-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catrin Lundström
Keyword(s):  
European Identity ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Spanish Society ◽  
Cultural Boundaries ◽  
The Social ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Parallel Difference ◽  
Western European ◽  
Cultural Similarity ◽  
North Western

This article examines intra-European relations in narratives of Swedish lifestyle migrants living permanently or part-time on the Spanish Sun Coast. It pays particular attention to the complexities of Swedish migrants’ cultural identities and patterns of self-segregation in the Spanish society by investigating the following questions: How do boundaries of social networks that Swedish lifestyle migrants participate in, or interrelate, with a sense of ‘likeness’? In what ways are the formation of these ‘international’ networks mediated through ideas of cultural similarity and parallel difference, and how do such notions both override and uphold boundaries tied to social, cultural and racial divisions? It is argued that the formation of so-called ‘international communities’ on the Spanish Sun Coast tend to cluster mainly north-western European lifestyle migrants, which calls for an analysis of ‘orientations’ towards a certain ‘likeness’, and the function of these spaces and communities as spaces of ‘institutional whiteness’ that work as a ‘meeting point’ where some bodies tend to feel comfortable as they already belong here. The social and cultural boundaries that surround these communities destabilises the idea of a common, culturally homogeneous European identity and display intra-European racial divisions mediated through discourses of cultural differences. What appears is a south–north divide built upon a deep Swedish postcolonial identification with Anglo Saxon and north-western European countries and cultures, and a parallel dis-identification with (the former colonial powers in) southern Europe.

scholarly journals Could social capital help Czech agriculture?

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chloupková ◽  
Bjørnskov Ch
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Features

Recent literature and research on social capital has demonstrated the economic importance of social features, such as trust and norms that facilitate cooperation. This article focuses on the role of social capital in the context of the Czech agricultural sector. Obtaining credit, sharing machinery, and proliferating information serves as examples where an awareness and reliance on the social capital of rural communities matter. By forming groups and strengthening existing networks, Czech farmers can improve their productivity, as well as their welfare. The article concludes by warning that the Czech state cannot invest directly in social capital, but should create the necessary legal and economic incentives to encourage the formation of social capital.

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