Pro linhvistychni pokaznyky vzayemodiyi mova – kulʹtura na prykladi analizu polʹsʹko- ukrayinsʹkoho pohranychchya XV-XIXst.

2020 ◽  
pp. 129-148
Author(s):  
Halyna Маtsyuk
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Subject Field ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
Polish Language

The article is devoted to the formation of a linguistic interpretation of the interaction of language and culture of the Polish-Ukrainian border territories. The material for the analysis includes nomic systems of Ukrainian and Polish languages, which are considered as a cultural product of interpersonal and interethnic communication and an element of the language system, as well as invariant scientific theory created in the works of Polish onomastics (according to key theoretical concepts, tradition of analysis, and continuity in linguistic knowledge). The analysis performed in the article allows us to single out the linguistic indicators of the interaction of language and culture typical for the subject field of sociolinguistics. These are connections and concepts: language-territory, language-social strata, language-gender, language-ethnicity, social functions of the Polish language, and non-standardized spelling systems. Linguistic indicators reveal the peculiar mechanisms of the border in the historical memory and collective consciousness, marking the role of languages in these areas as a factor of space and cultural marker and bringing us closer to understanding the social relations of native speakers in the fifteenth-nineteenth centuries.

„Niemiecka szkoła, polski dom”. Analiza wypracowań o udziale polskiej kultury i języka polskiego w życiu dzieci polskich emigrantów w Bawarii

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4(250)) ◽  
pp. 263-288
Author(s):  
Hanna Pułaczewska
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
School Achievement ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Narrative Form ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
German School ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Adult Immigrants

The primary goal of the study is to assess the perception of self and the social environment in Polish teenagers from the so-called generation 1.5 in Germany, that is, people who moved to Germany as children and adolescents, accompanying adult immigrants. The secondary goal was to compare this group with teenagers of Polish origin born and socialised in Germany. The instruments of corpus linguistics such as listing of keywords and limited keyword-based contextual analysis were applied to analyse a corpus of 37 essays by respondents aged 13–17 and attending courses of the Polish language and culture in Regensburg and Munich, on the topic “German school, Polish home. People, cultures, languages and the role of Polish in my life.” A considerable difference occurred between both groups. Teenagers from Poland cast their essays in a narrative form reporting the process of immigration, their daily struggle for social adaptation, and their hopes for future improvement. The reports exposed tension and struggle caused by the difficulty to reach the intended goals, such as adequate school achievement, social acceptance and maintenance of bonds with Poland. Teenagers born in Germany cast their reports prevailingly in a static or iterative form, viewing themselves as exceptional in a positive sense, and took pride in their bilingualism and biculturalism. The analysis also revealed different roles played by attending the Polish classes in both groups.

scholarly journals Bourdieu’s theory and the social constructivism of Berger and Luckmann

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-537
Author(s):  
Milos Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Constructivism ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One

The paper compares Pierre Bourdieu?s sociological approach with the one developed by Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann. The aim of the paper is to identify the complementarities and incongruences of these approaches. The main similarity consists in the intention to ?dialectically? overcome/bridge the gap between ?objectivism? and ?subjectivism? in social theory. Another parallel includes a negative attitude towards the relativistic tendencies of postmodernism. These authors share the thematization of: the body as a locus of social influences, the centrality of language in social life, the social functions of knowledge, and the importance of power in social relations. Differences in theorizing are attributed to the different intellectual, theoretical, and socio-cultural contexts in which these scientists operated. The divergences of these theoretical approaches become evident when one examines the different meaning and significance attached to the concepts of individuation, structure, action, habitus and habitualization, structure of relevance and relation of common-sense and scientific knowledge. Finally, there is a visible difference in political views: Bourdieu was a critic ?from the left,? while Berger and Luckmann were self-proclaimed liberal conservatives.

scholarly journals Instrumental approach towards tradition in the conceptual and social contexts

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Dmitry Vladimirovich Rakhinsky ◽  
Grigorii Andreevich Illarionov ◽  
Anna Nikolaevna Gorodishcheva ◽  
Nikolai Alekseevich Knyazev
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Cross Effect ◽  
Instrumental Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
The Subject

  The subject of this research is the dynamics of conceptualization of the phenomenon of cultural reproduction, expressed in the concepts of tradition and cultural memory, as well as the related concepts of the invention of tradition, historical memory, and post-truth. The article analyzes the transformation of epistemological approach that took place in the late XX century towards reproduction of culture, reflected in the change of the fundamental conceptual metaphor – from “delivery”(traditio) to “memory”, which means a shift in the dominant approach towards the structure of cultural continuum that appears to be attributed not to the objective reproducible content, rather than its construction by the subject. It is suggested to examine the questions of current interrelation between post-truth and public consciousness. The author creates an instrumental approach towards tradition, which is characterized by pragmatism expressed in the intention towards management of social relations, where tradition is a tool for managing the present through the formation of representations about the past, and constructivism, which implies that tradition is a construct of perception formed in the present, not reflecting the past itself. Being internalized in a broad social context, the instrumental approach is realized within the framework of the state of post-truth, which does not consider the past crucial for the formation of public opinion compared to other personal beliefs, as well as management methods applied to the latter. Problematization of the theme of post-truth demonstrates the internalization of instrumental approach into a broad social context, indicating the cross-effect pf epistemological and general cultural social context with regards to problem of interrelation between the social past and the present.  

scholarly journals On the Social-Relational Moral Standing of AI: An Empirical Study Using AI-Generated Art

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Lima ◽  
Assem Zhunis ◽  
Lev Manovich ◽  
Meeyoung Cha
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Moral Standing ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Art Industry ◽  
Generative System ◽  
Shed Light

The moral standing of robots and artificial intelligence (AI) systems has become a widely debated topic by normative research. This discussion, however, has primarily focused on those systems developed for social functions, e.g., social robots. Given the increasing interdependence of society with nonsocial machines, examining how existing normative claims could be extended to specific disrupted sectors, such as the art industry, has become imperative. Inspired by the proposals to ground machines’ moral status on social relations advanced by Gunkel and Coeckelbergh, this research presents online experiments (∑N = 448) that test whether and how interacting with AI-generated art affects the perceived moral standing of its creator, i.e., the AI-generative system. Our results indicate that assessing an AI system’s lack of mind could influence how people subsequently evaluate AI-generated art. We also find that the overvaluation of AI-generated images could negatively affect their creator’s perceived agency. Our experiments, however, did not suggest that interacting with AI-generated art has any significant effect on the perceived moral standing of the machine. These findings reveal that social-relational approaches to AI rights could be intertwined with property-based theses of moral standing. We shed light on how empirical studies can contribute to the AI and robot rights debate by revealing the public perception of this issue.

scholarly journals The 1870s populists’ idea of Russian origins of why they were in opposition

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Yelena L. Sarayeva ◽  
Igor’ A. Tsoy
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Reliable Information ◽  
Reform Era ◽  
Revolutionary Movement ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government

The analysis of the 1870s populists' idea of historical circumstances that influenced the development of the revolutionary movement, the formation of the worldview of that time's radicals is suggested in the paper. The novelty of the study lies in the reconstruction and interpretation of the populists' views on the politics of the government, on social relations under Alexander II of Russia. The socio-political circumstances of the "Great Reforms" era served as the historical context of the revolutionary movement. It is important to analyse the populists' ideas about the reasons for radicalising the mood of some young people in the Reform era of Alexander II of Russia. The problem of origins of why the populists were in opposition is under-studied. The study is carried out in the context of axiological and humanitarian approaches, which oblige to study the personality culture of the past, those people's system of values and ideas. The populists' texts – their memories and writings – formed the source base of the study. Written for the purpose of wide popularisation of revolutionary ideas, they contain reliable information about the 1870s revolutionaries' worldview, they reveal the features of their subculture, historical memory. Populist ideas about the reforms of Alexander II of Russia, about the repression of the authorities after the tsar assassination attempt committed by Dmitry Karakozov, about the social contradictions of that time, about the circle of reading of the revolutionaries as factors that influenced the formation of their beliefs, are revealed in the article. The analysis of those perceptions allows reproducing the features of the populist version of the Russian origins of why they were in opposition.

Violence as a Mean of Attaining Group Goals*

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Janusz Reykowski
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Right Wing Authoritarianism ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Liberal Culture ◽  
Liberal Thought

For a very long period of human history, direct physical violence used to be one of the main means of obtaining power, wealth, and prestige, as well as social control, socialization of children, and regulation of social relations. Human societies were also developing various ways of controlling and curtailing direct violence, primarily in-group violence. Major changes in the social functions of violence were associated with the development of liberal thought and liberal institutions—the free market and the democratic political system. Liberal culture and liberal mentality have delegitimized all kinds of physical violence, except in defense of human rights and freedoms. Nevertheless, the tendency to use violence, as a means of attaining political, economic, or ideological goals has not disappeared. It is being fostered by ideologies that grew out of the transformation of traditional (conservative) thought into Right-Wing Authoritarianism and/or Social Dominance Orientation, but also the transformation of liberal thought into Libertarianism (egocentric individualism). These ideologies facilitate the change of competitions and disagreements between social groups into destructive conflicts.

IMAGE OF TOOLS IN LANGUAGE AND CULTURE (BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF RUSSIAN AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES)

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-72
Author(s):  
Т.А. Жданова
Keyword(s):  
Social Memory ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Mental Images ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Linguistic Representation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Written Sources

Постановка задачи. В статье анализируется языковая репрезентация ментальных представлений людей о простейших орудиях труда с целью показать, что данные технические примитивы можно рассматривать в качестве составных элементов знаний людей об окружающей действительности и о самих себе, хранимых в социальной памяти носителей языка. Результаты исследования. В ходе исследования рассмотрено, как знания об орудиях труда представлены в различных письменных источниках. Показана взаимосвязь между востребованностью инструмента в обществе и его словарным описанием. Выявлена антропоцентричность образных переосмыслений орудий труда. Сопоставлено функционирование лексики, репрезентирующей орудия труда, в русском и английском языках. Полученные выводы. Знания об орудиях труда были приобретены людьми в результате знакомства с их устройством, а также в процессе их применения. Именно имеющиеся у людей сведения об их внешних характеристиках (атрибут зрительной памяти человека), а также знания об их функциональной предназначенности (сложившиеся опытным путем) детально прописаны в толковых словарях, художественной литературе, произведениях фольклора. Словарные объективации инструментов отражают уровень представления о них людей. По мере выхода орудий из употребления, их описания в словарных статьях изложены менее детально. В образных переосмыслениях технических примитивов находит подтверждение идея о том, что человек создает их по своему образу и подобию, впоследствии используя свои внешние и внутренние качества как образец для описания созданных им самим орудий. Доказывается аналогичность ментальных репрезентаций орудий труда носителей русской и английской речи. Statement of the problem. The article is devoted to the analysis of people's linguistic representation of mental images of the simplest tools to show that these technical primitives can be considered as components of people's knowledge of the surrounding reality and of themselves stored in the social memory of native speakers. Results. The paper examined the people's knowledge about the tools, presented in various written sources. The relationship between the relevance of the instrument in society and its vocabulary description is shown. The anthropocentricity of figurative reconsideration of tools is revealed. The functioning of this vocabulary in Russian and English is compared. Conclusion. Knowledge of tools includes information about their structure and the principle of working with them. This knowledge is so close and understandable to people that they are described in detail in various written sources. The way how the tools are objectified in lexicographic sources reflects how people perceive them. When tools are no longer used, the detail of their description in dictionaries decreases. The imaginative reconsideration of technical primitives is supported by the idea that a person creates them similar to himself. The opposite is also true. Subsequently, a man himself serves as a model for the tool description. The similarity of tools mental representations of English speakers is proved.

Cercetarea monografică a portului popular românesc în cadrul Școlii Sociologice de la București. Momentul Lucia Apolzan

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 22-35
Author(s):  
Ion Cherciu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Folk Culture ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Unique Approach ◽  
Constant Observation ◽  
The Moment ◽  
First Time

In the interwar Romanian culture, the Sociological School of Bucharest led by D. Gusti had a unique approach of the folk culture which was seen as a living organism in constant movement and evolution. Folk creations - musical and literary, peasant costume and artefacts etc. are no longer treated as "museum or archive objects ", but as living and interdependent parts composing a giant gear – the social corpus. Therefore, not only songs, but also singing, not only stories, but the storytelling etc. will be studied, precisely – and especially – the "social functions" of those creations. For the peasant costume, not the pieces themselves will be studied, as before, but their "making" and "wearing". From this perspective which considerably broadens the research horizon, the work of Lucia Apolzan is not just an exemplary thematic monograph on folk costume and domestic industry in Țara Moților, but also a fundamental book, unique in Romanian ethnography and culture. The secret of this success lies in the "monographic approach" of the topic and in the author's attachment to the investigated area, meaning that thorough ethnographic research greatly benefits from contribution of other disciplines, such as history, geography, political economy, oral tradition etc., and from the constant observation of the "social relations" involved in making and using of the peasant costume. Capturing, for the first time, the specific, intimate dialectical relations that underlie the existence and the "evolution" of the folk costume, and "encoding" them in "basic rules", general and always valid for the investigated field require, as the author believes, a "reconsideration" and "upgrading" of this work, victim itself of times of sad memory for the Romanian culture; this is particularly so since, after "the moment Lucia Apolzan", the descriptivism and aestheticism, back in force, as working methods and means of expression in the scientific discourse, have continuously dominated most works about the folk costume in our country.

scholarly journals "Zapiski domowe" biskupa Macieja Wołonczewskiego jako przyczynek do poznania sytuacji społecznej i językowej na terenie dawnego Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego pod władzą carów

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 65-83
Author(s):  
Zofia Sawaniewska-Mochowa
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Grand Duchy

"The Domestic Notes" by Bishop Maciej Wołonczewski (Motiejus Valančius) as a contribution to the knowledge of the social and linguistic situation on the territory of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania under the rule of the tsarsThe article introduces the interesting, albeit controversial, figure of Maciej Wołonczewski (Motiejus Valančius), an important member of the nineteenth-century clergy, and his Polish-language legacy. The bishop of Samogitia’s "Domestic Notes" document persecutions of the Catholic Church in Lithuania after the November and January Uprisings at the hands of Russian Tzarist authorities, and reflect the state of Polish language and its social functions in this historical period.Valančius’ manuscripts, published in the volume edited by the historians Aldona Prašmantaitė and Jan Jurkiewicz [Motiejus Valančius, Namų užrašai (The Domestic Notes), Vilnius: Baltos Lankos, 2003], were subjected to the far-reaching standardization of spelling, thus they are not a reliable source for a linguistic research. A linguist, who would make the effort of describing the Polish language of the author, should therefore locate and take advantage the original sources, dispersed in various archives in Vilnius. "Домашние записки" епископа Матвея Волончевского. К вопросу о социальной и языковой обстановке на территории бывшего Великого княжества Литовского во время царского правленияСтатья приближает интересную, но спорную, личность священника XIX-го века и его письменное наследие на польском языке. Заметки епископа Матвея Волончевского документируют репрессии, применяемые царским правительством по отношению к Католической церкви в Литве после восстаний против царской власти, и – одновременно – отражают состояние тогдашнего польского языка и его общественные функции. Изданные в научной разработке историков: Альдоны Прашмантайте и Яна Юркевича рукописи Волончевского [Motiejus Valančius, Namų užrašai (Домашние заметки), Vilnius: Baltos lankos, 2003] сильно кодифицированы и не могут быть достоверным источником лингвистических исследований. Лингвист, который захочет изучить польский язык жемайтского автора, будет вынужден работать с подлинниками, разбросанными по разным вильнюсским архивным фондам.

Transformacja czy stabilizacja? Bariery w integracji imigrantów wewnątrzunijnych żyjących w Polsce

2021 ◽  
pp. 91-118
Author(s):  
Monika Nowicka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Safe Place ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Main Barrier ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the article is to diagnose the barriers faced by intra-EU migrants living and working in Poland. The Ager and Strang model of integration (2004) was used as a theoretical framework to distinguish the dimensions of social life within which integration occurs and within which immigrants may encounter various kinds of barriers. Ager and Strang (2004) distinguish four groups of factors infl uencing integration: 1) means and makers, including employment, housing, education and health; 2) connections (social connetcions), i.e. the social capital available to the immigrant; 3) facilitation (faciliators), including knowledge of the local language and culture, as well as security and stability; 4) foundations, i.e. citizenship and rights. The results show that the main barrier faced by immigrants from the EU is poor command of the Polish language (facilitators), which aff ects other dimensions of social life. Another frequently mentioned barrier was the problem with dealing with offi cial matters (social links). Most of the interviewees emphasized that Poland is a very safe place to live and that their Polish life is satisfactory. The analysis is based on 35 IDI interviews and 200 CAWI interviews. The research was conducted from July to December 2018.

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