Comparison of the Frequency of Raised Level of Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody in the Patients of Hypothyroidism and the Euthyroids

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-8
Author(s):  
Sara Khan ◽  
Sibgha Bashir ◽  
Faghia Shahid ◽  
Ayesha Siddiqa ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan Hafeez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Control Study

The goal of this study was to compare the frequency of raised level of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody in patients of hypothyroidism and the euthyroids. This case-control study was carried out at the department of Pathology, Quaid e Azam Medical College/Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, from October 1, 2018 to Setember 30, 2019 and the subjects were selected by the non-probabilty consecutive sampling technique. The frequency of raised level of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody in patients of hypothyroidism and the euthyroids was compared. In the present study, the mean age of the patients with cases of hypothyroidism was 32 ± 10 years, and the mean age of controls was 32 ± 10 years. Raised anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies were found in 20 (28.99%) cases and 5 (7.25%) controls. After applying a Chi-squared test, a statistically significant (P = .00) difference in the level of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies between the cases and controls was detected. The presence of raised anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies was also significantly associated with age and female gender. In conclusion the early screening of the anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies specially in women above 30-years would notably affect the outcome of the disease with congruent disease management.he euthyroids was compared. In the present study, the mean age of the patients with cases of hypothyroidism was 32 ± 10 years, and the mean age of controls was 32 ± 10 years. Raised anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies were found in 20 (28.99%) cases and 5 (7.25%) controls. After applying a Chi-squared test, a statistically significant (P = .00) difference in the level of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies between the cases and controls was detected. The presence of raised anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies was also significantly associated with age and female gender. In conclusion the early screening of the anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies specially in women above 30-years would notably affect the outcome of the disease with congruent disease management.

scholarly journals Frequency and severity of depression in primary caregivers of psychotic patients.

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1776-1782
Author(s):  
Shehla Gul ◽  
Muhammad Adnan Bashir ◽  
Sohail Ali
Keyword(s):  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Mild Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Severity Of Depression ◽  
The Mean

Objectives: The study aimed at determining the frequency and severity of depression in primary caregivers of psychotic patients. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Out-patient as well as in-patient setting of Department of Psychiatry, Military Hospital Rawalpindi. Period: Six months, from 20th April 2017 to 19th October 2017. Material and Methods: Purposive, non-probable sampling technique was used. A total of 246 caregivers of the same number of psychotic patients were studied after consent, using the General Health Questionnaire 28 (GHQ-28) and Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI). The mean total BDI scores were calculated and correlated with the socio-demographic variables. Results: The mean total GHQ-28 score of 246 caregivers was 7.32 (cut off score is >7) which indicate definite psychopathology among them. Out of 246 caregivers, 175 (71.1%) showed scores greater than 7 (GHQ positive) while 71 (28.9%) showed scores less than 7 (GHQ negative). The mean total BDI score of 175 caregivers (who were GHQ positive) was 17.83 (cut off score for depression is >9). Out of 175 GHQ positive caregivers, 72 (41.14%) showed subclinical or no depression, 49 (28%) showed mild depression, 40 (22.86%) showed moderate depression and 14 (8%) showed severe depression on BDI. The results show that there is considerable caregiver burden in relatives of psychotic patients. Conclusion: Caregivers of psychotic patients suffer clinical depression with obvious negative outcomes for the patient. Younger age group, female gender and illiteracy typically carry a greater risk of experiencing higher burden in terms of depression.

scholarly journals Association of Hypertension and Smoking with Ischaemic Stroke

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-18
Author(s):  
K Kirtania ◽  
N Sultana ◽  
S Ahmed ◽  
A Khatun
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Control Study

Hypertension is one of the most important modifiable risk factors for ischemic stroke. Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for atherosclerotic disease. There is a strong relationship between hypertension and cigarette smoking with ischaemic stroke. A case control study was undertaken to see the association of hypertension and cigarette smoking with ischaemic stroke. The study was done from January to December 2009 in the Department of Biochemistry, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. A total of 60 subjects were selected as study population. Among them 30 were diagnosed case of ischaemic stroke and 30 were age-and sex-matched control subjects. It was found that 60% patients of case group and 20% respondents of control group were hypertensive and diffrence was significant. Study showed that 56.66% of cases and 53.33% of controls were smoker and the findings were insignificant. The mean duration of smoking was 27.41 ± 2.98 years in cases and 15.63 ± 2.85 years in controls which was significant. The study suggests that hypertension is significantly associated with ischaemic stroke and longer duration of smoking also associated with ischaemic stroke. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmb.v3i1.13802 Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2010; 3(1): 16-18

scholarly journals Discontinued Anti-Hypertensive medication: a case control study on the stroke patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-178
Author(s):  
Mohammad Zaid Hossain ◽  
Khan Abul Kalam Azad ◽  
Pratyay Hasan ◽  
Tahmeed Hussain ◽  
Kazi Monisur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

Though it is long known that irregular intake of antihypertensive may cause harm, but still there is much lack of awareness among the patients in this matter. This case controlled study was done in Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, to determine the relationship between discontinuation of antihypertensive drugs and the risk of stroke among hypertensive patients. Number of cases was 72. Control group was selected via random sampling of stroke free treated hypertensive group, similar in age to stroke cases. Sampling technique was random systematic sampling. The relationship was determined employing statistical methods including Chi-square (?2) test using computer programs, and significant association between discontinuation of antihypertensive and development of stroke in hypertensive adult patients was found ?2(1,N= 103) = 32.637, p<0.001. Odd’s ratio is 15.83. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v22i2.21530 J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 22, No.2, October, 2013, Page 173-178

scholarly journals Study on serum Lipoprotein (a) level in preeclamptic Bangladeshi women

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
Noor E-Ferdous ◽  
Mahmuda Khatun ◽  
Md Abu Siddique ◽  
Asma Ul Hosna ◽  
Shirin Akter Begum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Serum Lipoprotein ◽  
Severe Preeclampsia ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Lipoprotein A ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Mild Preeclampsia ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Average Serum ◽  
Control Study

It is a case control study which was design to know the association of serum Lipoprotein (a) level in preeclamptic (PE) in women. This study was carried out in department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Salimullah Medical College Hospital, Mitford, Dhaka. Total number of subjects was 100. Out of which 50 were cases and 50 were controls. Cases were physically and clinically proved PE patients. Controls were age, parity and gestational age matched. Three ml of blood were collected from each subjects, serum fasting LP(a) level were measured The mean age of study group was 24.49 ± 6.48 years. Serum Lipoprotein(a) level was 51.51 ± 29.38mg/dl Vs 17.40 ± 7.89 mg/dl in cases and controls respectively. This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Mean serum Lipoprotein(a) level was found to be raised in severe preeclampsia (74.87mg/dl) and lowest in control subject Severe preeclampsia was found to be associated with higher level of lipoprotein (a) than both control (p < 0.01) and mild preeclamptic (p < 0.01) subjects. Mild preeclampsia was also found to have higher average serum Lipoprotein (a) than the normal (P < 0.01) subjects. Key Words: Lipoprotein(a), Preeclampsia, Bangladeshi women. doi:10.3329/uhj.v4i2.2073 University Heart Journal Vol. 4 No. 2 July 2008 p32-35

scholarly journals A Comparative Study to Assess The Effectiveness of Breast Crawl on Infant Delivery among mothers who underwent Cesarean Delivery Vs Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 584-588
Author(s):  
Padmapriya D ◽  
Babu Devi ◽  
Dhovarani
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Delivery ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Postnatal Mothers ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Questionnaire Method

Breast crawl has been described as an instinctive postpartum behavior for full-term children after vaginal birth. The present aim was to assess the effectiveness of breast crawl on infant delivery among postnatal mothers who underwent cesarean delivery vs spontaneous vaginal delivery at Saveetha Medical College and Hospital. A quantitative approach with comparative research design was adopted for the present study. A total of 60samples among which in spontaneous vaginal delivery (n=30) and cesarean delivery (n=30) were selected by using a non-probability convenient sampling technique. A self-structured questionnaire method was used to collect the demographic data followed by that breast crawl was initiated between infant delivery by vaginal delivery and cesarean delivery among mothers. Among 60 samples, the mean score on the intensity level of pain among mothers delivery infant by vaginal delivery was 3.70±1.29 and the mean score on the intensity level of pain among mothers delivered infant by cesarean delivery was 6.13±1.25. The calculated student independent 't’ test was 7.412, which was found to be effectively significant. This clearly infers that breast crawl was found to be effective in minimizing the intensity level of pain among the mother's delivered infant by spontaneous vaginal delivery than the mother's delivered infant by cesarean delivery.

scholarly journals Association between Vitiligo and Thyroid Autoimmunity

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emina Kasumagic-Halilovic ◽  
Asja Prohic ◽  
Begler Begovic ◽  
Nermina Ovcina-Kurtovic
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Thyroid Autoantibodies ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody ◽  
Thyroglobulin Antibody ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
Control Study

Background. Vitiligo is a common skin disorder characterized by macular depigmentation of the skin. The etiopathogenesis of the disease is still unclear, but there is evidence that autoimmunity and endocrine disfunction may be involved.Objective. The aim of this study was to determine whether vitiligo is statistically associated with thyroid autoimmunity.Method. In a prospective case-control study, we compared the frequency of thyroid autoantibodies (thyroglobulin antibody, anti-Tg and thyroid peroxidase antibody, and anti-TPO) in 33 patients with vitiligo and in 33 healthy volunteers. Thyroid autoantibodies and thyroid hormones (thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured in all subjects.Results. Thyroid functional abnormalities were found in 6 (18.18%) patients. Anti-Tg and anti-TPO were positive in 9 (27.27%) and 8 (24.24%) patients, respectively. In control group, only one subject (3.03%) had abnormalities in thyroid hormonal status, and two subjects had positive thyroid autoantibodies. Compared with the control group, the frequency of both anti-Tg and anti-TPO was significantly higher in those with vitiligo ().Conclusion. This study shows a significant association between vitiligo and thyroid autoimmunity, and that tests to detect thyroid autoantibodies are relevant in patients with vitiligo.

scholarly journals Role of low-lying pubic tubercle in the development of inguinal hernia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Diwan Singh Jakhar ◽  
Joginder Singh ◽  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
Dharmveer Jajra ◽  
Sanjay Lodha
Keyword(s):  
Inguinal Hernia ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Oblique Muscle ◽  
Pubic Tubercle ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Internal Oblique ◽  
Control Study

Background: Hernia is defined as abnormal protrusion of whole or a part of a viscus through the wall that contains it. Among all external abdominal hernias, inguinal hernia is one most commonly encountered. Many factors are responsible for the formation of the inguinal hernia but, what makes a few people more susceptible to this situation is still clearly not proved. The lowness of pubic tubercle is associated with narrow origin of internal oblique muscle from lateral inguinal ligament which fails to protect the deep inguinal ring consequently lead to inguinal hernia.Methods: The study was conducted in Sardar Patel Medical College and attached hospital, Bikaner for duration of 12 months from March 2018 to February 2019. It is a case-control study with 50 cases and 50 control meeting inclusion criteria. In all patients, following parameters SS line, ST line, height, weight was recorded and evaluated.Results: The mean value of ST line in our study group is 7.37±0.182 cm which is significantly greater (p=0.0001) than the controls the mean value being 7.01±0.262 cm. In our study, 98% of cases were having ST line >7.01 cm whereas 66% of controls were ST line under 7.01 cm.Conclusions: Group of people with low lying pubic tubercle are at high risk of developing inguinal hernia. 

scholarly journals Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies in vitiligo patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jishna P. ◽  
M. P. Binitha ◽  
Abdul Latheef E. N. ◽  
V. P. Anilakumari
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody ◽  
Antibody Positivity ◽  
Antibody Levels

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Vitiligo is associated with various autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune thyroid disease. The objectives of the present study was to determine the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies in patients with vitiligo, and to compare the clinical profile of anti-thyroid peroxidase positive and anti-thyroid peroxidase negative patients<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in 100 patients with vitiligo and 100 controls. After dermatologic and systemic evaluation, serum thyroid hormones and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody levels were measured in all the subjects.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Thyroid dysfunction was more common in the vitiligo group (27%) than in the controls. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone abnormalities were more common in the vitiligo group (27%) than in the controls (6%). The most common thyroid dysfunction was subclinical hypothyroidism. Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody positivity was higher in the vitiligo group (36%) when compared to the controls (24%), and the most common type of vitiligo was vitiligo vulgaris (18%) in this group. Thyroid dysfunction and anti-thyroid peroxidase positivity were more common in women (58%) when compared to men (42%). There was a significantly higher prevalence of other autoimmune diseases in the vitiligo group (20%) compared to the controls (6%)<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This study shows a significant association between vitiligo and thyroid dysfunction, anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies and other autoimmune diseases. We recommend that thyroid evaluation and regular follow-up should be done in patients with vitiligo for prompt detection of thyroid dysfunction<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p>

scholarly journals Prevalence of suicidal behaviour and associated factors in a large sample of Chinese adolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 280-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. C. Liu ◽  
H. Chen ◽  
Z. Z. Liu ◽  
J. Y. Wang ◽  
C. X. Jia
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Suicidal Thought ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Aims.Suicidal behaviour is prevalent among adolescents and is a significant predictor of future suicide attempts (SAs) and suicide death. Data on the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of suicidal behaviour in Chinese adolescents are limited. This study was aimed to examine the prevalence, characteristics and risk factors of suicidal behaviour, including suicidal thought (ST), suicide plan (SP) and SA, in a large sample of Chinese adolescents.Method.This report represents the first wave data of an ongoing longitudinal study, Shandong Adolescent Behavior and Health Cohort. Participants included 11 831 adolescent students from three counties of Shandong, China. The mean age of participants was 15.0 (s.d. = 1.5) and 51% were boys. In November–December 2015, participants completed a structured adolescent health questionnaire, including ST, SP and SA, characteristics of most recent SA, demographics, substance use, hopelessness, impulsivity and internalising and externalising behavioural problems.Results.The lifetime and last-year prevalence rates were 17.6 and 10.7% for ST in males, 23.5 and 14.7% for ST in females, 8.9 and 2.9% for SP in males, 10.7 and 3.8% for SP in females, 3.4 and 1.3% for SA in males, and 4.6 and 1.8% for SA in females, respectively. The mean age of first SA was 12–13 years. Stabbing/cutting was the most common method to attempt suicide. Approximately 24% of male attempters and 16% of female attempters were medically treated. More than 70% of attempters had no preparatory action. Female gender, smoking, drinking, internalising and externalising problems, hopelessness, suicidal history of friends and acquaintances, poor family economic status and poor parental relationship were all significantly associated with increased risk of suicidal behaviour.Conclusions.Suicidal behaviour in Chinese adolescents is prevalent but less than that previously reported in Western peers. While females are more likely to attempt suicide, males are more likely to use lethal methods. Multiple child and family factors are associated with suicidal behaviour. These findings highlight the importance of early screening and intervention of suicidal behaviour in Chinese adolescents.

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