scholarly journals Frequency and severity of depression in primary caregivers of psychotic patients.

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1776-1782
Author(s):  
Shehla Gul ◽  
Muhammad Adnan Bashir ◽  
Sohail Ali
Keyword(s):  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Mild Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Severity Of Depression ◽  
The Mean

Objectives: The study aimed at determining the frequency and severity of depression in primary caregivers of psychotic patients. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Out-patient as well as in-patient setting of Department of Psychiatry, Military Hospital Rawalpindi. Period: Six months, from 20th April 2017 to 19th October 2017. Material and Methods: Purposive, non-probable sampling technique was used. A total of 246 caregivers of the same number of psychotic patients were studied after consent, using the General Health Questionnaire 28 (GHQ-28) and Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI). The mean total BDI scores were calculated and correlated with the socio-demographic variables. Results: The mean total GHQ-28 score of 246 caregivers was 7.32 (cut off score is >7) which indicate definite psychopathology among them. Out of 246 caregivers, 175 (71.1%) showed scores greater than 7 (GHQ positive) while 71 (28.9%) showed scores less than 7 (GHQ negative). The mean total BDI score of 175 caregivers (who were GHQ positive) was 17.83 (cut off score for depression is >9). Out of 175 GHQ positive caregivers, 72 (41.14%) showed subclinical or no depression, 49 (28%) showed mild depression, 40 (22.86%) showed moderate depression and 14 (8%) showed severe depression on BDI. The results show that there is considerable caregiver burden in relatives of psychotic patients. Conclusion: Caregivers of psychotic patients suffer clinical depression with obvious negative outcomes for the patient. Younger age group, female gender and illiteracy typically carry a greater risk of experiencing higher burden in terms of depression.

Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety and Stress in Medical Students, interns and residents in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2333-2336
Author(s):  
Anum Arif ◽  
Minahil Iram ◽  
Sabih Nofal ◽  
Aima Sohail ◽  
Bismah Riaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Interns And Residents ◽  
The Mean

Aim: To assess prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, Stress in medical students, interns, and residents in Pakistan Study design: Cross-sectional Survey (Questionnaire) based study. Place and duration of study: This study was conducted at Combined Military Hospital Lahore Medical College from March 2020 to May 2020. Results: 104 participants were included in the study. There was female predominance 58(55.8%), and the mean age was 23.55±1.42. The overall mean score of depression and anxiety was 21.2±12.67 and 15.7±10.67 respectively and most prevalent in third and fourth-year residents. The mean stress score was 13.7, 10. 27. Twenty-eight (26.9%) of the overall participants had extremely severe depression, 36 (34.6 %) had extremely severe anxiety and 13(12.5%) had severe stress. Doctors studying and practicing in the private sector have a higher DASS21 score (p = < 0.006) Conclusion: Multiple factors have been found to contribute to the poor mental health of health care workers, including financial trouble, sleep deprivation, abuse from colleagues, high expectations, female gender, broken relationships, and substance misuse. Keywords: Anxiety Disorders, Depression, Medical, Mental Health Problem Solving, Psychological Distress,

Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety and Stress in Medical Students, interns and residents in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2215-2218
Author(s):  
Anum Arif ◽  
Minahil Iram ◽  
Sabih Nofal ◽  
Aima Sohail ◽  
Bismah Riaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Interns And Residents ◽  
The Mean

Aim: To assess prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress in medical students, interns and residents in Pakistan Study design: Cross-sectional Survey (Questionnaire) based study. Place and duration of study: This study was conducted at Combined Military Hospital Lahore Medical College from March 2020 to May 2020. Results: 104 participants were included in the study. There was female predominance 58(55.8%), and the mean age was 23.55±1.42. The overall mean score of depression and anxiety was 21.2±12.67 and 15.7±10.67 respectively and most prevalent in third and fourth-year residents. The mean stress score was 13.7, 10. 27. Twenty-eight (26.9%) of the overall participants had extremely severe depression, 36 (34.6 %) had extremely severe anxiety and 13(12.5%) had severe stress. Conclusion: Multiple factors have been found to contribute to the poor mental health of health care workers, including financial trouble, sleep deprivation, abuse from colleagues, high expectations, female gender, broken relationships, and substance misuse. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress in common in medical students. This calls for the development of strategies, workshops, and programs to identify modifiable stressors, encourage students to reach out to their family members and their teachers to verbalize their issues, and make psychiatric consultation accessible to them. Keywords: Anxiety Disorders, Depression, Medical, Mental Health Problem Solving, Psychological Distress,

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study of factors associated with anti-depressant medication adherence in women attending an out patient psychiatry department

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Mrinalini Reddy ◽  
◽  
Pallavi Abhilasha ◽  
Thirunavukarasu Manikam ◽  
Rajkumar Ramanathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Treatment Adherence ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Mild Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Moderate Depression ◽  
Severity Of Depression

Introduction: Treatment adherence and illness may not be related only by the severity of the illness but by so many other factors which impact on seeking and continuing treatment; yet severity of the illness will be one of the major factors influencing treatment adherence. Methods: Female patients attending the psychiatric OPD, diagnosed with depression as per ICD-10 guidelines and provided informed consent participated in this questionnaire-based study. A total of 135 patients who attended the OPD in 9 months were assessed for the severity of depression and medication adherence by administering scales to assess the severity of depression and medication adherence was assessed by questioning about the drug taking and hospital attending behaviour. Out of this, thirty-one were attending for the first episode and hence were excluded from the analysis. Results: Out of the 104 female patients diagnosed with depression of more than one episode, 44 (42.3%) had mild depression, 52 (50%) had moderate depression and 8 (7.7%) had severe depression. Twenty-nine women (27.9%) were on medications and 75 (72.1%) women were not taking their medications. While greater proportion of women with mild depression were adherent to medication (51.7%), more women with moderate depression didn’t adhere to medication (54.7%), even though such difference was statistically not significant. Older age, having a paid work and married status were significantly associated with medication (antidepressants) adherence. Conclusions: Our results indicate that medication adherence is associated with factors other than severity of depression. Work and marital status played a significant role in determining the adherence to antidepressant medications among women.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Depression among Type 2 Diabetic Outpatients in Black Lion General Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tesfa Dejenie Habtewold ◽  
Yosef Tsige Radie ◽  
Nigussie Tadesse Sharew
Keyword(s):  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mild Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Background.The emotional consequences of diabetes have been scrutinized by a number of investigative teams and there are varying reports about the association of depression with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, there is limited data about this in Ethiopia. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of comorbid depression among type 2 diabetic outpatients.Methods and Materials.Institution based cross-sectional study design was conducted on a random sample of 276 type 2 diabetic outpatients from Black Lion General Specialized Hospital. Systematic random sampling technique was used to get these individual patients from 920 type 2 diabetic outpatients who have an appointment during the data collection period. Patients’ depression status was measured using Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ 9).Result.Totally 264 type 2 diabetic outpatients were interviewed with a response rate of 95.6%. The prevalence of depression among type 2 diabetic outpatients was 13%. Based on PHQ 9 score, 28.4% (75) fulfilled the criteria for mild depression, 12.1% (32) for moderate depression, 2.7% (7) for moderately severe depression, and 1.5% (4) for severe depression. But 45.8% (121) of patients had no clinically significant depression.Conclusion.This study demonstrated that depression is a common comorbid health problem in type 2 diabetic outpatients with a prevalence rate of 13%.

scholarly journals Factors affecting development of depression in overfood and obesity people

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-133
Author(s):  
Marijana Jandrić-Kočić
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Mild Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective. Overweight and obesity are accompanied by changes in a person's pathophysiology, somatic and aesthetic aspects, and often a strong unpleasant emotional component that results in the development of psychiatric disorders, primarily depression. Objective: The study aimed to examine the existence of a statistically significant association of sociodemographic factors and body mass index (BMI) with the intensity of depression in obese and overweight people. Methods. The study was performed as a cross-sectional study at the Health Center Krupa na Uni (Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina) in the period from 01.12.2018. to 01.10.2019. The sample consisted of 90 overweight and obese individuals, 58 (64.4%) women and 32 (35.6%) men with a mean age of 55.0 ± 6.9 years. In addition to the general questionnaire, the study used Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI). The chi-square test was used in the statistical analysis of the data. Results. Depression was found in 45 (50.0%) study participants (31.1% mild depression, 15.6% moderate depression, and 3.3% severe depression). There was a statistically significant higher intensity of depression in female subjects and body mass index ≥ 25. Conclusion. Female gender is an independent predictor of depression intensity in overweight and obese individuals. There is a strong correlation between body mass index and depression intensity. Level of education, place of residence and age are not consistent with the presence and severity of depression in overweight and obese individuals.

scholarly journals Depression among medical students in Alexandria, Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1416-1425
Author(s):  
Wafaa Ihab Hafez Elsawy ◽  
Aida Aly Reda Sherif ◽  
Medhat Salah El Din Attia ◽  
Nessrin Ahmed El- Nimr
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Stressful Life Event ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

Background: Depression is a common illness worldwide with high rate among medical students. The objectives were to estimate the prevalence of depression among medical students in Alexandria, and identify its correlates. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. The study was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria Uni- versity. Using a systematic random sampling technique, 390 students attending 4th, 5th, and 6th academic years were included. Data was collected using the Arabic version of the BDI-II and a predesigned structured self-administered questionnaire, including questions about the students’ personal and social characteristics and academic environment. Results: Moderate and severe depression accounted for 27.9% and 17.2%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis results showed that the independent predictors for moderate and severe depression were female gender, the presence of mental illness, not having someone to talk to when under stress, experiencing stressful life event(s) during the previous 6 months, not being satisfied with the socioeconomic level, reporting that the surrounding environment is not suitable for studying, not specifying a grade to achieve, and extreme dissatisfaction with the student’s result. Conclusion: Prevalence of moderate and severe depression was high among medical students, calling for actions to help those students and to prevent new cases. Keywords: BDI-II; depression; determinants; medical students; prevalence.

Evaluation of Depression among Medical Students of Gujarat during COVID-19 Pandemic

Healthline ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
Saumya Joshi ◽  
Heer Patel ◽  
Nirmika Patel
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Mild Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Early Evaluation ◽  
Moderate Depression ◽  
Severity Of Depression

Introduction: The Covid-19 pandemic is a public health emergency with both physical and mental health risks. During this pandemic general medical complications have received the most attention, whereas only few studies address the potential direct effect on mental health of SARS-CoV-2 and the neurotropic potential. Objectives: To evaluate the depression score of an individual based on PHQ-9 scoring scale and to further classify the severity of depression among medical students. Method: It was a cross-sectional observational study, where primary quantitative data was collected using the PHQ-9 scale to assess the level of depression among the medical students of Gujarat through Google forms. Results: Most of the participants were from 1st year MBBS (>50%) and 2nd year MBBS (37%) and rest were from 3rd year. Around 29.4% students suffered from minimal depression, 34% has mild depression, 19% had moderate depression, 12% had moderately severe depression and 5.6% students suffered from severe depression. Conclusion: COVOD-19 pandemic is having impact on mental health of the medical students. Early evaluation of depression may help to decide intervention to reduce further depression among the students.

scholarly journals LEVELS OF DEPRESSION AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS WITH EARLY MARRIAGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lia Yuliana Rachman ◽  
Efri Widianti ◽  
Anita Setyawati
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Mild Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Conditions

Early marriage encourages various problems for young women. The problems would be affecting their psychological conditions including depression. This study aimed to describe the depression in adolescent girls with early marriage in Babakan Ciparay District, Bandung City. This study was conducted using the descriptive explorative method, with a cross-sectional approach. Samples were selected using the total sampling technique, in which 76 young women aged 16-19 years involved in this study. This study used an instrument from the Indonesian version of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) questionnaire with validity values at 0.361-0.773 and the value of Cronbach's alpha is 0.898, and several additional questions related to the problems experienced by girls who married early. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis techniques for quantitative data and content analysis for interview data. This study was held in the range of April - May 2019. The results showed that 68.4% of respondents were at a minimum level of depression or did not experience depression, 11.8% had mild depression, 10.5% had moderate depression and 9.2% had severe depression. It can be concluded that the young women did not experience depression, because most respondents married with own desires, lived separately from their parents-in-law and did not experience domestic violence. However, there were still some respondents who are depressed or have the potential to experience depression due to economic problem, problems with in-laws, problems with their husbands and problems related to family relationships. Therefore, there is a need for education about stress management and counseling program to improve the mental health of girls who married early.Keywords: adolescent girl, depression, early marriage

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN LAMA MENGIDAP KUSTA DENGAN TINGKAT DEPRESI PADA PASIEN DI RUMAH SAKIT KUSTA SUMBERGLAGAH KABUPATEN MOJOKERTO

IKESMA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Widya Ayu Putri Maharani ◽  
Ida Srisurani Wiji Astuti ◽  
Justina Evy Tyaswati
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Mild Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spearman Correlation Test ◽  
Depression Level ◽  
Infection Disease ◽  
Human Function

Leprosy is a chronic infection disease that caused by Mycobacterium leprae and oftentimes causing negative stigma for people infected by it. The negative stigma and the life quality degradation in people with leprosy lead to the higher risk of depression than people without this disease. Depression is a period of disruption of human function associated with sadness feeling, included changes in sleep pattern and appetite, psychomotor, concentration, anhedonia, fatigue, feeling hopeless, helpless, and having suicidal thoughts. The risk of depression will increase about 2,6 times in people who have chronic illness, one of which is leprosy. This was an analytic observational study with cross sectional approach using 60 respondents chosen by purposive sampling technique. Data were obtained through interview using Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) questionnaire and analyzed using Spearman correlation test (p<0,05). The results showed that most respondents (36,7%) suffered from leprosy for 0-14 year(s), in which 51,7% had no depression, 38,3% had mild depression, 16,7% had moderate depression, and 3,3% had severe depression. The analytic results showed the significance value of (p) 0,025 and correlation coefficient of (r) 0,290. It could be concluded that there is a correlation between the duration of leprosy and level of depression in patients at Sumberglagah Leprosy Hospital Mojokerto District with weak correlation strength and positive correlation value so it means that the longer the patient suffering from leprosy, the higher the depression level and likewise on the contrary.

Depression in a sample of Tunisian adolescents: prevalence, associated factors and comorbidity with anxiety disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibtissem Sendi ◽  
Amira Chouikh ◽  
Asma Ammar ◽  
Nabiha Bouafia
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
School Health ◽  
Child Anxiety ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Mild Depression ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Adolescent depression is a significant health problem which can lead to detrimental consequences. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of the depression in a sample of secondary school students, to identify its associated factors and to explore the co-occurrence with symptoms of anxiety disorders. Materials and methods We conducted, in March 2017, a cross-sectional study that included, using a cluster sampling technique, 386 students from five public secondary schools in El Kef (Tunisia). Data were collected using a socio-demographic questionnaire and the Arabic versions of the Beck Depression Inventory (13 items) and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results The prevalence of depression among participants was 75.9%. Of depressed students, 30.4% had mild depression, 48.8% had moderate depression and 20.8% had severe depression. The logistic regression analysis showed an association between the depression and the female gender [odds ratio (OR) = 2.59, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.52–4.17], the 1st and 4th school grades (OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.09–2.94), the low and medium socioeconomic status (SES) (OR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.14–3.18), the school dissatisfaction (OR = 2.77, 95% CI: 1.41–5.44) and the anxiety disorders (OR = 5.86, 95% CI: 3.54–9.70). The comorbidity “depression and anxiety” was found in 86.1% of students. Conclusion This high prevalence of depressive symptoms reported in the present study seems to have many implications especially for school health-care services.

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