To the question about the accuracy of legal formulations of penalties of alternative deprivation of freedom, assuming legal restrictions in the sphere of labor

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-82
Author(s):  
Станислав Андреевич Сторожев
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Legal Term ◽  
Legal Restrictions ◽  
Criminal Penalties ◽  
Author Proceeding

В статье рассмотрен вопрос точности юридических формулировок наказаний, альтернативных лишению свободы, предполагающих правоограничения в сфере труда. Автор, исходя из того, что основное назначение юридического термина - точно отобразить юридическое понятие, его специфические и существенные признаки, определить соотношение его с другими понятиями и отграничить от близких по значению явлений, приходит к выводу, что такие юридические термины, как «обязательные работы», «исправительные работы», «ограничение по военной службе» и «принудительные работы», не вполне отвечают этим требованиям. В работе особое внимание уделено анализу содержания указанных уголовных наказаний, а также схожих и отличительных признаков. На основе результатов настоящего исследования, мнений различных специалистов, высказанных ранее, зарубежного опыта, в статье предложены авторские наименования уголовных наказаний, альтернативных лишению свободы, предполагающих правоограничения в сфере труда: «бесплатные временные общественные работы» (либо «общественные работы», если исходить из принципа краткости), «оплачиваемые работы без ограничения свободы» и «оплачиваемые работы с ограничением свободы». The article deals with the accuracy of legal wording of punishments alternative to imprisonment, which presuppose legal restrictions in the sphere of work. The author, proceeding from the fact that the main purpose of the legal term is an accurate representation of the legal concept, its specific and essential features, to determine its relationship with other concepts and to distinguish it from similar phenomena, concludes that such legal terms as “compulsory labor”, “correctional labor”, “restriction on military service” and “forced labor” do not fully meet these requirements. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the content of these criminal penalties, as well as their similar and distinctive features. Based on the results of this study, the opinions of various researchers expressed earlier, and foreign experience, the article suggests author's names of criminal penalties that are alternative to imprisonment, suggesting legal restrictions in the field of labor: “free temporary community service” (or “community service” for short), “paid work without restriction of liberty” and “paid work with restriction of liberty”.

INVESTMENT: THE TERM AND CONCEPT

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
YURY SHPINEV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Unified Approach ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Special Unit ◽  
Legal Term ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Legal Concepts ◽  
English Industrial Revolution ◽  
The Relationship

Attracting investment in the real sector of the economy is currently an urgent task for any state. To solve this problem in our country, it is necessary, among other things, to develop transparent investment legislation, including unambiguously defining the concept of investment. The article examines the nature and distinctive features of the term as a special unit of language, as well as the relationship between the term and the concept. Objective: to identify the relationship between the term and the concept of relative in three areas: in General, in linguistics, in law, and directly in relation to investment. To achieve this goal, scientific approaches to this problem are analyzed by linguists and it is concluded that in modern research, the term is understood as a word or phrase denoting the concept of a special field of knowledge or activity. Attention is drawn to the existence of different opinions about the relationship between a legal term and a legal concept, and it is also noted that despite some peculiarities, the General knowledge about terms and concepts obtained and formulated by linguists fully applies to legal concepts and terms. Analyzing the concept of investment, as well as the use of the term investment in current laws and scientific reports, the author concludes that to date, neither regulatory documents nor the scientific community has developed a unified approach to the concept of investment. In conclusion, as one of the directions for understanding investment, we offer a more detailed consideration of investment at the time of its origin and formation, during the English industrial revolution.

scholarly journals USE BY CADETS OF A MILITARY UNIVERSITY OF AN ELECTRONIC TEXTBOOK IN THE PROCESS OF STUDYING PHYSICS

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-101
Author(s):  
I.B. Nikolaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Electronic Textbooks ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Electronic Textbook ◽  
Paper Version ◽  
Materials Modeling ◽  
Dynamic Form ◽  
The Individual

The article reveals the features of the use by cadets of a military university of an electronic textbook in the process of studying physics. The relevance of using an electronic textbook in a military university is due to the need to adapt as much as possible to specific general educational and professionally oriented disciplines, increase the activity and motivation of cadets, and strengthen the mastery of educational material. In this study, the electronic textbook is presented as a component of the electronic textbook, which completely replaces or complements the paper version. The author highlighted the distinctive features of the electronic textbook: interactivity, focus on several channels of perception, taking into account the individual characteristics of students, using different ways of presenting information in a dynamic form with links and additional materials, modeling and visualization, activating students' motivation, a combination of theoretical and practical material, opportunities automatic knowledge control. Since training at a military university is related to military service in secrecy, the use of electronic textbooks allows not only to cover the entire cadet staff, improve the quality of training, increase student activity, but also ensure the relevance of training and practical material.

scholarly journals CRIMINAL PUNISHMENT IN THE FORM OF ARREST: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
A. K. Teokharov ◽  
A. V. Chestnov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Criminal Punishment ◽  
Penal Policy ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Detention Centers ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Criminal Penalties ◽  
Criminal Legislation

The article analyzes domestic and foreign criminal legislation regulating the execution of punishment in the form of arrest. Scientific points of view regarding the issues of regulation and execution of arrest in Russia are evaluated. Modern problems of execution of arrest are defined and ways of their solution are offered. The author's position on the essence of the arrest and its distinctive features is given. The authors conclude that in modern Russia, one of the important aspects that contribute to the formation of the system of punishments is the internal and external economic conditions. It is argued that it is impractical to exclude arrest from the system of criminal penalties. The conclusion is made that the arrest is not executed, as it goes against the modern penal policy. Separate amendments to the criminal and penal enforcement legislation are proposed. It is argued that in modern conditions it is necessary to provide for the execution of punishment in the form of arrest in pre-trial detention centers.

Community Service and Voting Among Veterans and Nonveterans Using a National Sample of College Undergraduates

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Civic Engagement ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Military Service ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Fund Raising ◽  
Student Aid ◽  
Civic Involvement ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Postsecondary Student ◽  
Veteran Students

Research studies have shown an association between military service and later civic involvement, largely defined as political activities. The National Postsecondary Student Aid Study 2008 ( N = 95,650) was used to compare veteran and nonveteran students on community service activities and voting. Proportionately more nonveteran than veteran students reported community service (i.e., working with children both in educational and noneducational settings and fund-raising). Nonveteran students also were more likely to have participated in community service in last 12 months. The two groups did not differ in average hours spent on community service per month (16 hr). Veterans compared to nonveterans were far more likely to have registered to vote (78% vs. 59%) and to have voted (90% vs. 82%). When gender, age, race, and income were considered in comparisons, previous differences were not statistically different. Results are discussed relative to past proposals and research regarding veterans’ civic engagement.

THE PROBLEMS OF PUNISHMENT EXECUTION AS A COMPULSORY WORK IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Алевтина Олеговна Зубова ◽  
Александр Олегович Симагин
Keyword(s):  
Correctional Facility ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
State Coercion ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Penalties ◽  
The Law ◽  
Forced Labour ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Control

С 1 января 2017 г. в России может быть назначен судами еще один вид уголовного наказания - принудительные работы. В силу их схожести с другими видами уголовных наказаний авторы видят необходимость выделения принудительных работ в общей классификации отечественной системы уголовных наказаний. Представляется целесообразным определить их как самостоятельную меру государственного принуждения. В этом случае они будут занимать особый переходный статус от альтернативных лишению свободы наказаний к наказаниям, связанным с лишением свободы. Тем более что в случаях, предусмотренных законодательством, практически все наказания без лишения свободы выступают в качестве альтернативы лишению свободы. Рассмотрение практики реализации принудительных работ выявило ряд проблем. Авторы исследования предлагают выделить следующие направления, по которым будет осуществляться их анализ: организация трудовой деятельности осужденных; организация содержания осужденных; надзор и контроль за осужденными, содержащимися в ИЦ (УФИЦ). Характеризуя проблемы при организации трудовой деятельности, можно отметить нехватку рабочих мест, причем, если учреждение функционирует в режиме УФИЦ, то вопрос с трудоустройством стоит не так остро (есть возможность работать в колонии). Еще один неоднозначный вопрос связан с оформлением отношений при трудоустройстве осужденных к принудительным работам. Анализ организации содержания осужденных в ИЦ позволил авторам выявить отсутствие дифференцированного подхода в зависимости от криминологических характеристик, что является нарушением законодательства. Говоря о проблемах, связанных с надзором и контролем, авторами отмечается отсутствие порядка организации личных обысков и досмотров и недостаток основания для их проведения. В завершение статьи авторами предлагаются пути решения выявленных проблемных вопросов. As of 1 January 2017, another type of criminal punishment may be imposed by the courts in Russia - forced labour. Due to their similarity with other types of criminal penalties, the authors see the need to allocate forced labor in the general classification of the domestic system of criminal penalties. It seems reasonable to define them as an independent measure of state coercion. In this case, they will occupy a special transitional status from alternatives to imprisonment to custodial sentences. Moreover, in cases provided for by the law, almost all penalties without deprivation of liberty are an alternative to deprivation of liberty. Analysis of the practice of forced labour revealed a number of problems. The authors of the study suggest the following areas in which their analysis will be carried out: organization of labor activity of convicts; organization of detention of convicts; supervision and control over convicts held in the correctional facility (UFIC). Characterizing the problems in the organization of labor activity, we can note the lack of jobs, and if the institution operates in the UFIC mode, the issue of employment is not so acute (there is an opportunity to work in the colony). Another ambiguous issue is related to the registration of relations in the employment of convicts for forced labor. Speaking about the organization of the detention of convicts in the correctional facility, the authors have not revealed a differentiated approach depending on the criminological characteristics. Which is a violation of the law. Analyzing the problems associated with supervision and control, we can highlight the lack of order of organization of personal searches and searches, and lack of grounds for their conduct. In their article, the authors try to find a solution to these issues by defining the vectors of their resolution.

Statistics of test subjects of fitness for military service, in the Kazan military hospital

1903 ◽  
Vol 3 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 103-134
Author(s):  
E. M. Idelson
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Legal Term ◽  
History Of

Statistical data usually have a known practical value only when they are developed and generalized directly after the events, in the footsteps, so to speak, of the occurring facts. Therefore, I deeply apologize to the highly enlightened collection for the fact that I will allow myself to bother his attention with a little belated, brief, statistical remarks about the 4184 history of illness I have reviewed, taken by me for 1) from the archives of Kazan 1880 to 1892. In view of the fact that the history of the disease belongs to the number of clerical documents, then I understand that I must stipulate that these histories of the disease, which were in my order, have already served their legal term, have become the property of the archive and, likewise, no relation to the present to the functional staff of the hospital now, do not have.

PENALTIES FOR MINORS: COMPARATIVE LEGAL RESEARCH

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksandra Skok ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
Family Code

The article defines the age characteristics of minors in accordance with the Family Code of Ukraine, the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Criminal Code of the Republic of Tajikistan and the Criminal Code of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The quantitative indicators of minors who, in 2020-2021, were notified of suspicion of committing criminal offenses, minor crimes, grave crimes and especially grave crimes, are given. The types of punishments provided by the criminal codes of Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Azerbaijan, which can be imposed by the court on persons who have committed a criminal offense, at the age of fourteen to eighteen, have been determined. Taking into account the provisions of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, an analysis of punishments in the form of a fine, community service, correctional labor, arrest and imprisonment was carried out. The article analyzes the provisions of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan on punishments in the form of deprivation of the right to engage in certain activities, a fine, involvement in community service, correctional labor, restriction of freedom and imprisonment. The analysis of the content of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Tajikistan in terms of the features of punishments in the form of deprivation of the right to engage in certain activities, a fine, compulsory labor, correctional labor and imprisonment has been carried out. The analysis of punishments provided by the Criminal Code of the Republic of Azerbaijan in the form of a fine, community service, correctional labor, restriction of freedom and imprisonment has been carried out. The general and distinctive features characteristic of the list of punishments that can be assigned to minors have been established. The practice of the courts of Ukraine has been studied in relation to penalties in the form of a fine, correctional labor, community service and imprisonment. The works of domestic scientists are analyzed, on the basis of which, a circle of persons who have conducted research on individual issues on the responsibility of minors is determined.

Institute of Criminal Records and its Legal Consequences

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Алла Гравина ◽  
Alla Gravina ◽  
Наталия Хромова ◽  
Nataliya Khromova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Criminal Records ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Criminal Conviction ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Legal Restrictions ◽  
Russian Law ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Legal Consequences

In their research dedicated to the criminal conviction institute and its legal consequences, the authors consider it not only as a criminal legal category but also as a general legal concept. For this purpose the authors analyze the legal nature of conviction and its consequences as a criminal legal category as well as the impact of these consequences on general civil relations, in particular, on labor relations. The authors also investigate the issue of consequences after expunging or cancellation of conviction. They analyze the current Russian law on legal restrictions relating to expunging or cancellation of conviction. On the basis of this analysis the authors draw the conclusion on ambiguity of the imposed restrictions after expunging or cancellation of a conviction and on the occurring conflict of law. For readers’ reference the authors analyze legal initiatives of representatives to State Duma of the Federal Assembly of Russian Federation as well as opinions of competent state authorities in charge of this issue.

scholarly journals System of criminal penalties of Russian federation: legal regulation and sentencing practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 04066
Author(s):  
Alexandra Brovkina ◽  
Victor Vezlomtsev ◽  
Svetlana Zakharova ◽  
Olga Shuranova ◽  
Yuri Truntsevsky
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Special Part ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Criminal Penalties

The article presents the questions of constructing a system of criminal penalties under the legislation of the Russian Federation, the problems of imposing various types of punishments taking into account the rules for constructing criminal law sanctions. Changes and additions, various types of criminal penalties, including the content of sanctions in the articles, lead to an imbalance in the principles of their construction. The punishment system is currently in need of reform. An analysis of the sanctions of the articles of a special part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation revealed inconsistencies with the requirements of legislative equipment in their development, which creates serious difficulties in the appointment of sentences by the courts. Penalties under criminal law sanctions include punishment in the form of punishment, forced labor, imprisonment for a specified period. The legislation does not take into account the nature and degree of threat to crimes committed in the formation of sanctions articles. Criminal law and criminal law protection, and criminal procedural requirements, and punishments. In accordance with the peculiarities of the formation of the punishment system, the creation of criminal sanctions, as well as taking into account the goals of punishment in the domestic criminal law, which allows us to develop recommendations on the preparation of sanctions for articles of the criminal code of the Russian Federation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document